Microlithic occurrences associated with sediments dated to terminal Pleistocene-late Holocene in the central Narmada basin, Madhya Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. SP515-2020-216
Author(s):  
Nupur Tiwari ◽  
P. Morthekai ◽  
K. Krishnan ◽  
Parth R. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Central India ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene

AbstractThe earliest occurrence of microliths in South Asia dates back to the Late Pleistocene at Mehtakheri (45 ka) and Dhaba (48 ka) in Central India, Jwalapuram 9 in Southern India (38 ka), Kana and Mahadebbara in Northeastern India (42-25 ka) and Batadomba-Lena (35-36 ka) and Fa Hien Lena (48 ka) in Sri Lanka. Microlithic technology is distributed across the entire Indian Subcontinent and chronologically continues up to the Iron Age and Early Historic periods. This paper discusses new data acquired from the first author's doctoral research in the two districts of Madhya Pradesh (Hoshangabad and Sehore), which fall within the central part of the Narmada Basin in central India. We present here the preliminary dates from key areas of distribution to understand the geo-chronological contexts of microliths at Pilikarar, Morpani, and Gurla-Sukkarwada. Initial dates from these respective occurrences range between 12.5 ka and 2.3 ka.

Revision of the bamboo leafhopper tribe Mukariini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent with description of new genera and species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4547 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
C.A. VIRAKTAMATH ◽  
M.D. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
New Records ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Subgenus

Leafhopper genera and species of the tribe Mukariini from the Indian subcontinent are revised. Nine genera and 22 species including two new genera, one new subgenus and 12 new species are dealt with. The new taxa described are Aalinga gen. nov. with its type species Aalinga brunoflava sp. nov. (India: Andaman Islands), Buloria indica sp. nov. (India: Karnataka). Buloria zeylanica sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), Flatfronta bella sp. nov. (India: Karnataka; Bangladesh), Mohunia bifurcata sp. nov. (Myanmar), Mukaria omani sp. nov. (India: Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh), Mukaria vakra sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Mukariella gen. nov. with its type species Mukariella daii sp. nov. (India: Manipur), Myittana (Benglebra) cornuta sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Myittana (Myittana) distincta sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Myittana (Savasa) subgen. nov. with its type species Myittana (Savasa) constricta sp. nov. (India: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand) and Scaphotettix arcuatus sp. nov. (India: West Bengal, Meghalaya, Mizoram). Genera Buloria Distant (new placement), Crispina Distant (new placement) and Myittana Distant (new placement) are placed in the tribe Mukariini. Genus Mohunia is redefined based on the study of its type species. Benglebra Mahmood & Ahmed 1969 is synonymised with Myittana Distant 1908 and considered as its subgenus. Myittana (Benglebra) alami (Mahmood & Ahmed) comb. nov., Myittana (Savasa) bipunctata (Mahmood & Ahmed) comb. nov.. Myittana (Benglebra) introspina (Chen & Yang 2007) comb. nov. and Mukariella bambusana (Li & Chen) comb. nov. are proposed; the first two species were earlier placed in the genus Benglebra, the third species in the genus Mohunia and the fourth in the genus Mukaria. Genera Flatfronta Chen & Li and Myittana are new records for India and Scaphotettix striata Dai & Zhang is a new record for the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka. All taxa dealt with are described and illustrated and keys for genera and their species are also given. 

scholarly journals Teknologi Litik di Situs Talimbue, Sulawesi Tenggara: Teknologi Berlanjut dari Masa Pleistosen Akhir Hingga Holosen.

AMERTA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Suryatman Suryatman ◽  
Sue O’ Connor ◽  
David Bulbeck ◽  
Ben Marwick ◽  
Adhi Agus Oktaviana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Quantitative Estimate ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Lithic Technology ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract.  The  Lithic  Technology  at  Talimbue  Site,  Southeast  Sulawesi:  Continuing  Technology from Late Pleistocene up to Holocene Periods. The Talimbue site at Southeast Sulawesi is packed with  lithic  and  these  offer  a  new  perspective  on  the  lithic  technology  of  Sulawesi.  The  absence  of information  on  the  prehistoric  lithic  technology  of  Southeast  Sulawesi  is  a  factor  of  interest  that makes  research  on  knowledge  of  the  Talimbue  site  necessary.  Lithic  artefacts  were  manufactured from  the  terminal  Pleistocene  to  the  Late  Holocene.  This  research  will  disentangle  the  details  of the lithic technology at the Talimbue Site. The analyzed flaked stone artefacts fall into 3 categories, which are retouched flakes, debitage and cores. For its part, debitage was classified into 3 categories, which are complete flakes, broken flakes and debris. The retouch index was also measured so as to provide a quantitative estimate of the level of retouch intensity of the retouched flakes. The results of  the  analysis  indicate  changes  in  the  stone  flake  technology  during  the  period  of  occupation  of the Talimbue Site. The change of technology occurs because the process of adaptation caused by a change of environment. Abstrak. Temuan  litik  yang  sangat  padat  di  Situs  Talimbue  di  Sulawesi  Tenggara  menunjukkan sebuah persepektif baru dalam kajian teknologi litik di Sulawesi. Kekosongan informasi teknologi litik masa prasejarah di wilayah Sulawesi Tenggara adalah hal yang menarik dikaji dalam penelitian di Situs Talimbue. Artefak litik digunakan dari masa Pleistosen Akhir hingga masa Holosen Akhir. Penelitian ini akan menguraikan secara detail bagaimana teknologi litik di Situs Talimbue. Artefak batu diserpih yang dianalisis menjadi 3 kategori, yaitu serpih diretus, serpihan dan batu inti. Serpihan kemudian  diklasifikasi  menjadi  3  kategori,  yaitu  serpih  utuh,  serpih  rusak  dan  tatal.  Pengukuran indeks retus juga dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengestimasi secara kuantitatif tingkat intensitas retus terhadap serpih yang telah diretus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan teknologi artefak batu diserpih terjadi selama masa hunian di Situs Talimbue. Perubahan teknologi terjadi karena adanya proses adaptasi yang disebabkan oleh perubahan lingkungan.

scholarly journals SHORT COMMUNICATION: Massive Erosion in Monsoonal Central India Linked to Late Holocene Landcover Degradation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu Giosan ◽  
Camilo Ponton ◽  
Muhammed Usman ◽  
Jerzy Blusztajn ◽  
Dorian Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Central India ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Deccan Plateau

Abstract. Soil erosion plays a crucial role in transferring sediment and carbon from land to sea, yet little is known about the rhythm and rates of soil erosion prior to the most recent few centuries. Here we reconstruct a Holocene erosional history from central India, as integrated by the Godavari River in a sediment core from the Bay of Bengal. We quantify terrigenous fluxes, fingerprint sources for the lithogenic fraction and assess the age of the exported terrigenous carbon. Taken together, our data show that the monsoon decline in the late Holocene, later exacerbated by the Neolithic adoption and Iron Age extensification of agriculture on the Deccan Plateau, significantly increased soil erosion and the age of exported organic carbon. Despite a constantly elevated sea level since the middle Holocene, this erosion acceleration led to rapid continental margin growth. We conclude that in monsoon conditions, aridity boosts rather than supresses sediment and carbon export acting as a veritable monsoon erosional pump modulated by landcover conditions.

scholarly journals Fall Armyworm in South Asia: Threats and Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Suraj Lamsal ◽  
Shelton Sibi ◽  
Sova Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climate Adaptability ◽  
Small Holder Farmers

Fall armyworm arrived on the Indian subcontinent in May 2018 and now it has spread across  India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and approaching more beyond South East Asia. Strong flying capacity, climate adaptability, and wide host range makes them a better colonizing agent than other species of armyworms. Despite maize being primarily infested  in this region, infestation on sugarcane, sorghum, cotton and cabbage have already been reported from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. National agricultural research bodies  like ICAR, IIMR, NARC, BARI etc. as well as international organizations like FAO, CGIAR, CIMMYT and CABI are working at different levels in effort to develop managemen strategies to combat the pest. Since it is practically impossible to eradicate the pest now, it is essential to work for long term management and in keeping pest population below economically injury level. Reliance on synthetic pesticides only is a temporary way of dealing with the pest. Educating the farmers themselves about the pest and practicing integrated approach of management compatible and feasible in the region would be more sustainable. Identification and using native species of natural enemies, such as predators, parasites and parasitoids is the current need of research. The experiences of small holder farmers in Africa and South America in fall armyworm management might be relevant to South Asia.

scholarly journals Possible mechanisms related to internal dynamics for anomalously high rainfall during August 2020 of Indian Summer Monsoon

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malay Ganai ◽  
Sahadat Sarkar ◽  
Radhika Kanase ◽  
R. Phani Murali Krishna ◽  
P Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Intraseasonal Oscillation ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Central India ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
High Rainfall

Abstract In the present study, an investigation is made to understand the physical mechanism behind the anomalous high rainfall during August 2020 over the Indian subcontinent using both observation and GFS T1534 weather forecast model. According to India Meteorological Department (IMD), the country receives 27% excess rainfall in the month of August 2020. The excess rainfall is mainly contributed by the 5 well marked low pressure systems which formed over Bay of Bengal and moved west-northwestwards across central India up to Western Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The analysis reveals that the observed anomalous rainfall is distributed over central India region extending from coastal Orissa to central part of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and western coast of Gujarat region. It is also found that the August-2020 heavy rainfall is mainly contributed by the synoptic (2-10 days) component of the total rainfall whereas the contribution of the large-scale intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) component (10-90 days) is quite less. Although the present operational Global Forecast System (GFS) T1534 (GFS T1534) is able to predict the anomalous high rainfall with day-1 lead time, it underestimates the magnitude of the synoptic variance. Further, the large-scale dynamical and thermodynamical parameters show anomalous behaviour in terms of strong low level (850 hPa) jet, vertical velocity and associated moisture convergence in the lower level. The GFS T1534 is able to forecast the above large-scale features reasonably well even with day-5 lead time. From energetics analysis, it is found that the mean kinetic energy (MKE) is stronger for August 2020 as compared to climatological value and the strong MKE efficiently transfers the energy to the synoptic scale, and hence the synoptic eddy kinetic energy is higher. Along with that, the ISO scale kinetic energy for August 2020 is less compared to the August climatological value. GFS T1534 model has some fidelity in capturing the energy conversion processes, but it has some difficulty in capturing the magnitude with increased lead time.

scholarly journals Short communication: Massive erosion in monsoonal central India linked to late Holocene land cover degradation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu Giosan ◽  
Camilo Ponton ◽  
Muhammed Usman ◽  
Jerzy Blusztajn ◽  
Dorian Q. Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Central India ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Deccan Plateau

Abstract. Soil erosion plays a crucial role in transferring sediment and carbon from land to sea, yet little is known about the rhythm and rates of soil erosion prior to the most recent few centuries. Here we reconstruct a Holocene erosional history from central India, as integrated by the Godavari River in a sediment core from the Bay of Bengal. We quantify terrigenous fluxes, fingerprint sources for the lithogenic fraction and assess the age of the exported terrigenous carbon. Taken together, our data show that the monsoon decline in the late Holocene significantly increased soil erosion and the age of exported organic carbon. This acceleration of natural erosion was later exacerbated by the Neolithic adoption and Iron Age extensification of agriculture on the Deccan Plateau. Despite a constantly elevated sea level since the middle Holocene, this erosion acceleration led to a rapid growth of the continental margin. We conclude that in monsoon conditions aridity boosts rather than suppresses sediment and carbon export, acting as a monsoon erosional pump modulated by land cover conditions.

scholarly journals Singpuria, a new genus of Eudicot flower from the latest Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Deepak D. Ramteke ◽  
Steven R. Manchester ◽  
Vaishali D. Nagrale ◽  
Selena Y. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Central India ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Bisexual Flower ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
Pentagonal Symmetry

A new bisexual flower, Singpuria kapgatei, gen. et sp. nov., is described from chert of latest Cretaceous age from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds at Singpur, Madhya Pradesh, in central India. The hypogynous, actinomorphic flower is ~1.6 mm wide, with distinct sepals and petals. The androecium consists of 18 tetrasporangiate, dithecal, basifixed anthers borne in radial pairs on nine bifurcate filaments. The gynoecium is superior and syncarpous, with pentagonal symmetry. Pollen from the stamens is tricolporate and microreticulate. The combined morphological features of this flower indicate that Singpuria is a eudicot with affinities in the Pentapetalae, but we have been unable to make a more precise assignment. Nevertheless, we consider it useful to place this rare fossil flower on record as an exemplary extinct member of the Deccan biota. Singpuria may represent a clade that was isolated on the Indian subcontinent and became extinct in response to environmental changes at the K/Pg boundary, or later in the Cenozoic as the land mass moved northward through new climate zones and collided with Eurasia.

New Literatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanika Batra ◽  
Christine Lorre-Johnston ◽  
Kerry Manzo ◽  
Dougal Mcneill ◽  
Benjamin Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract This chapter has seven sections: 1. Africa; 2. Australia; 3. Canada; 4. The Caribbean; 5. South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent and Sri Lanka; 6. New Zealand and Pacific; 7. Southeast Asia. Section 1 is by Kanika Batra, Kerry Manzo, and Joya Uraizee; coverage of West Africa will resume in 2022; section 2 is by Benjamin Miller and Paul Sharrad; section 3 is by Christine Lorre-Johnston and Libe García Zarranz; section 4 is by Michael Niblett; section 5 will resume in 2022; section 6 is by Dougal McNeill; section 7 is by Cheryl Narumi Naruse.

Toba Ash on the Indian Subcontinent and Its Implications for Correlation of Late Pleistocene Alluvium

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhrangsu Kanta Acharyya ◽  
Prabir Kumar Basu
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Central India ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Eu Anomaly ◽  
Ash Layer ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
Lower Magnitude

AbstractThe Toba ash occurs extensively in the Indian subcontinent and marks a ca. 74,000-yr-old event. In the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean it is about 10 cm thick, whereas in several alluvial basins, it is usually 1-3 m thick. The latter occurs in a partly reworked state but as nearly chemically pure first-cycle sediments, The ash has a broad northwesterly dispersal pattern. Samples of ash from the Indian subcontinent compare closely with the youngest (74,000 yr B.P.) Toba Tuff and the deep-sea Toba ash in bulk chemical composition, REE signature, and bubble-wall shard morphology. However, a more proximally located and thicker (2-5 m) ash-bed, from the alluvial basins in the gneissic area and close to east coast, has a lower magnitude negative Eu anomaly, possibly because of minor contamination by feldspathic silt. Quaternary sediments in the central Narmada and middle Son basins contain rich late and middle Pleistocene mammalian and cultural records. Based on the presence of the ash layer marker and stratigraphic relations, late Pleistocene sediments within the subcontinent can be correlated with those from central India and the deep sea.

XVII New Literatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 1129-1308
Author(s):  
Kanika Batra ◽  
Michael Griffiths ◽  
Weihsin Gui ◽  
Aaron Kamugisha ◽  
Christine Lorre-Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract This chapter has seven sections: 1. Africa; 2. Australia; 3. Canada; 4. The Caribbean; 5. South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent and Sri Lanka; 6. New Zealand and Pacific; 7 Southeast Asia. Section 1 is by Kanika Batra, Joya Uraizee, and Mark Williams; section 2 is by Michael Griffiths and Paul Sharrad; section 3 is by Christine Lorre-Johnston and Mark Williams; section 4 is by Michael Niblett and Aaron Kamugisha; section 5 is by Ira Raja; section 6 is by Dougal McNeill; section 7 is by Weihsin Gui.

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