Recycling gray water after treatment to irrigate green spaces in smart city

Urban green spaces are really vital for the well-being of human in urban areas. In urban planning for green space site selection, the study of the bond among the usage of green spaces and their categories that really influence their use can provide useful references. A spatial and temporal research on the allocation of visitors in 157 green areas was carried out in Shanghai to know which green spaces are denser or crowdsourced by utilizing social media big data. We evaluated the association with statistical testing and Kernel Density Estimation among the spatial pattern of the visitor spread in urban green areas. We used check-in data from social media to test this study comparing the number of humans who visit various green parks. We have classified green areas into various categories and our main findings are focused on their characteristics: (1) famous category of green parks according to visitors’ preferences, (2) Differences in the number of visitors by daytime, and (3) crowdsourced area based upon number of check-ins. The main aim of this article is to remind policy makers of the value of providing local people access to green areas and to empower cities with a framework for contacting green parks with the purpose of increasing the comfort of urban people with the architecture of smart city.

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Gray Water Measurement and Feasibility of Retrieval Using Innovative Technology and Application in Water Resources Management in Isfahan-Iran

Journal of Geographical Research ◽

10.30564/jgr.v3i2.1997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Safieh Javadinejad ◽

Rebwar Dara ◽

Forough Jafary

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Resources Management ◽

Gray Water ◽

The Cost ◽

Water Measurement ◽

The City ◽

Yearly Precipitation

Reuse of wastewater for agriculture and green spaces purposes is significant. A mean yearly precipitation in Esfahan is 150 mm. The drinking waterand agriculture usually used underground resources in the city. Gray waterrecycling is known as a suitable option today. Delivering all the water requirements of a home from refined water rises the cost of water. Whereasthe essential water quality for garden, toilet and irrigation is less than drinking water. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the evaluation of gray water and estimate the amount of recycle gray water which can use for drinking water with innovation method in Esfahan region in Iran. Previous studies did not measure the value of recycling gray water with new methodof waste water treatment that can use for drinking purpose. In this study,gray water in Esfahan city is measured and technical aspects of its recyclingis examined. Because of the lack of referable guidelines and official technical reports, studies from other similar countries applied in this study andon the basis of which the amount of recoverable gray water was calculated.Evaluations indicates that the overall recovery of gray water in Esfahansaves nine million cubic meters of water. The price of the rial of this valueestablished on water is 190 billion Rials. Given the lack of water sourcesin Esfahan, the recycle of gray water seems to be a good option, howevermore research is required to select a recovery strategy.

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A WORKFLOW FOR UAV’s INTEGRATION INTO A GEODESIGN PLATFORM

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-1099-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B1 ◽

pp. 1099-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Anca ◽

A. Calugaru ◽

I. Alixandroae ◽

R. Nazarie

Keyword(s):

3D Modeling ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Smart City ◽

Field Data ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Street Network ◽

Recreational Facilities ◽

Procedural Modeling ◽

The Subject ◽

The Impact

This paper presents a workflow for the development of various Geodesign scenarios. The subject is important in the context of identifying patterns and designing solutions for a Smart City with optimized public transportation, efficient buildings, efficient utilities, recreational facilities a.s.o.. The workflow describes the procedures starting with acquiring data in the field, data processing, orthophoto generation, DTM generation, integration into a GIS platform and analyzing for a better support for Geodesign. Esri’s City Engine is used mostly for 3D modeling capabilities that enable the user to obtain 3D realistic models. The workflow uses as inputs information extracted from images acquired using UAVs technologies, namely eBee, existing 2D GIS geodatabases, and a set of CGA rules. The method that we used further, is called procedural modeling, and uses rules in order to extrude buildings, the street network, parcel zoning and side details, based on the initial attributes from the geodatabase. The resulted products are various scenarios for redesigning, for analyzing new exploitation sites. Finally, these scenarios can be published as interactive web scenes for internal, groups or pubic consultation. In this way, problems like the impact of new constructions being build, re-arranging green spaces or changing routes for public transportation, etc. are revealed through impact and visibility analysis or shadowing analysis and are brought to the citizen’s attention. This leads to better decisions.

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Categorization of Green Spaces for a Sustainable Environment and Smart City Architecture by Utilizing Big Data

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9061028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1028

Author(s):

Qi Liu ◽

Hidayat Ullah ◽

Wanggen Wan ◽

Zhangyou Peng ◽

Li Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Smart City ◽

Well Being ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Sustainable Environment ◽

Gender Based

Urban green spaces promote outdoor activities and social interaction, which make a significant contribution to the health and well-being of residents. This study presents an approach that focuses on the real spatial and temporal behavior of park visitors in different categories of green parks. We used the large dataset available from the Chinese micro-blog Sina Weibo (often simply referred to as “Weibo”) to analyze data samples, in order to describe the behavioral patterns of millions of people with access to green spaces. We select Shanghai as a case study because urban residential segregation has already taken place, which was expected to be followed by concerns of environmental sustainability. In this research, we utilized social media check-in data to measure and compare the number of visitations to different kinds of green parks. Furthermore, we divided the green spaces into different categories according to their characteristics, and our main findings were: (1) the most popular category based upon the check-in data; (2) changes in the number of visitors according to the time of day; (3) seasonal impacts on behavior in public in relation to the different categories of parks; and (4) gender-based differences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in Shanghai utilizing Weibo data to focus upon the categorization of green space. It is also the first to offer recommendations for planners regarding the type of facilities they should provide to residents in green spaces, and regarding the sustainability of urban environments and smart city architecture.

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A WORKFLOW FOR UAV’s INTEGRATION INTO A GEODESIGN PLATFORM

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-1099-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B1 ◽

pp. 1099-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Anca ◽

A. Calugaru ◽

I. Alixandroae ◽

R. Nazarie

Keyword(s):

3D Modeling ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Smart City ◽

Field Data ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Street Network ◽

Recreational Facilities ◽

Procedural Modeling ◽

The Subject ◽

The Impact

This paper presents a workflow for the development of various Geodesign scenarios. The subject is important in the context of identifying patterns and designing solutions for a Smart City with optimized public transportation, efficient buildings, efficient utilities, recreational facilities a.s.o.. The workflow describes the procedures starting with acquiring data in the field, data processing, orthophoto generation, DTM generation, integration into a GIS platform and analyzing for a better support for Geodesign. Esri’s City Engine is used mostly for 3D modeling capabilities that enable the user to obtain 3D realistic models. The workflow uses as inputs information extracted from images acquired using UAVs technologies, namely eBee, existing 2D GIS geodatabases, and a set of CGA rules. The method that we used further, is called procedural modeling, and uses rules in order to extrude buildings, the street network, parcel zoning and side details, based on the initial attributes from the geodatabase. The resulted products are various scenarios for redesigning, for analyzing new exploitation sites. Finally, these scenarios can be published as interactive web scenes for internal, groups or pubic consultation. In this way, problems like the impact of new constructions being build, re-arranging green spaces or changing routes for public transportation, etc. are revealed through impact and visibility analysis or shadowing analysis and are brought to the citizen’s attention. This leads to better decisions.

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Biscogniauxia (Hypoxylon) Canker or Dieback in Trees

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fr407-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Paez ◽

Jason A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Tree Species ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Root Disease ◽

Poor Health ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Wide Range ◽

Quercus Spp

Biscogniauxia canker or dieback (formerly called Hypoxylon canker or dieback) is a common contributor to poor health and decay in a wide range of tree species (Balbalian & Henn 2014). This disease is caused by several species of fungi in the genus Biscogniauxia (formerly Hypoxylon). B. atropunctata or B. mediterranea are usually the species found on Quercus spp. and other hosts in Florida, affecting trees growing in many different habitats, such as forests, parks, green spaces and urban areas (McBride & Appel, 2009). Typically, species of Biscogniauxia are opportunistic pathogens that do not affect healthy and vigorous trees; some species are more virulent than others. However, once they infect trees under stress (water stress, root disease, soil compaction, construction damage etc.) they can quickly colonize the host. Once a tree is infected and fruiting structures of the fungus are evident, the tree is not likely to survive especially if the infection is in the tree's trunk (Anderson et al., 1995).

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