MovEcho

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bressolette ◽  
Sébastien Denjean ◽  
Vincent Roussarie ◽  
Mitsuko Aramaki ◽  
Sølvi Ystad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Real Vehicle

Most recent vehicles are equipped with touchscreens, which replace arrays of buttons that control secondary driving functions, such as temperature level, strength of ventilation, GPS, or choice of radio stations. While driving, manipulating such interfaces can be problematic in terms of safety, because they require the drivers’ sight. In this article, we develop an innovative interface, MovEcho, which is piloted with gestures and associated with sounds that are used as informational feedback. We compare this interface to a touchscreen in a perceptual experiment that took place in a driving simulator. The results show that MovEcho allows for a better visual task completion related to traffic and is preferred by the participants. These promising results in a simulator condition have to be confirmed in future studies, in a real vehicle with a comparable expertise for both interfaces.

SIMULATING A TEST ENVIRONMENT FOR VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODELS

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 733-747
Author(s):  
T. JANSE VAN RENSBURG ◽  
M. A. VAN WYK ◽  
W.-H. STEEB
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Sound Motion ◽  
Black Box Testing ◽  
Dynamics Models ◽  
Real Vehicle

A driving simulator gives a driver the impression that he is driving a real vehicle. This is done by simulating a realistic terrain and background scenario, as well as the windows, mirrors, sound, motion and vehicle dynamics of a real vehicle. A vehicle dynamics model uses the driver input such as accelerator, brake and steering position as well as terrain input to determine the position, orientation and velocity of the vehicle. Proper testing is necessary to ensure that the vehicle dynamics model represents the dynamics of a real vehicle. This implies more than only verifying standard vehicle dynamics equations. Integration and other numerical methods used may also influence the end result. Detail about the vehicle dynamics model used is not always available when developed by another institution. This article describes a "black box" testing method for verification of the vehicle dynamics model. This testing scenario has not yet been discussed within the literature.

scholarly journals Two Body Problem: Collaborative Visual Task Completion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unnat Jain ◽  
Luca Weihs ◽  
Eric Kolve ◽  
Mohammad Rastegari ◽  
Svetlana Lazebnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Problem ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Two Body Problem

Effects of Mobile Computer Terminal Configuration and Level of Driving Control on Police Officers’ Performance and Workload

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082090836
Author(s):  
Taylor Shupsky ◽  
Adriana Lyman ◽  
Jibo He ◽  
Maryam Zahabi
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Mobile Computer ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Computer Terminal ◽  
Police Vehicles

Objective The objective of this study was to assess police officers’ performance and workload in using two mobile computer terminal (MCT) configurations under operational and tactical driving conditions. Background Crash reports have identified in-vehicle distraction to be a major cause of law enforcement vehicle crashes. The MCT has been found to be the most frequently used in-vehicle technology and the main source of police in-vehicle distraction. Method Twenty police officers participated in a driving simulator-based assessment of driving behavior, task completion time, and perceived workload with two MCT configurations under operational and tactical levels of driving. Results The findings revealed that using the MCT configuration with speech-based data entry and head-up display location while driving improved driving performance, decreased task completion time, and reduced police officers’ workload as compared to the current MCT configuration used by police departments. Officers had better driving but worse secondary task performance under the operational driving as compared to the tactical driving condition. Conclusion This study provided an empirical support for use of an enhanced MCT configuration in police vehicles to improve police officers’ safety and performance. In addition, the findings emphasize the need for more training to improve officers’ tactical driving skills and multitasking behavior. Application The findings provide guidelines for vehicle manufacturers, MCT developers, and police agencies to improve the design and implementation of MCTs in police vehicles considering input modality and display eccentricity, which are expected to increase officer and civilian safety.

A Steering Wheel System and Controller for the Driving Simulator

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 1768-1772
Author(s):  
Ming Xiang Xie ◽  
Yan Ding Wei ◽  
Xiao Jun Zhou ◽  
Chun Yu Wei ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
State Equation ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Rbf Network ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Bicycle Model ◽  
Reaction Torque ◽  
Real Vehicle

In driving simulator, the driver manipulating the steering wheel can not only be feeling authentic as the real vehicle but also get additional information of the vehicle state and road conditions. For this purpose, a steeling wheel system was detailed designed. A bicycle model was used to analyze the dynamic behaviour of a simplified four-wheel vehicle model and applied to compute the reaction torque. After modeling the steering column and the feedback motor, the state equation of the steering wheel was deduced. The control without PID, with ordinary PID and RBF network PID were adopted to control the feedback motor to generate desired torque. Simulation in matlab/simulink shows that the steering wheel has good performance and the RBF network PID controller has better performance and can satisfy the requirement of the reaction torque. This study will be a guide research for future driving simulator.

An Early Developmental Marker for Radial Glia in Rat Spinal Cord

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
V. Kriho ◽  
H.-Y. Yang ◽  
C.-M. Lue ◽  
N. Lieska ◽  
G. D. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Spinal Cord Development ◽  
Median Septum ◽  
Differentiation Marker ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Developing Rat

Radial glia have been classically defined as those early glial cells that radially span their thin processes from the ventricular to the pial surfaces in the developing central nervous system. These radial glia constitute a transient cell population, disappearing, for the most part, by the end of the period of neuronal migration. Traditionally, it has been difficult to definitively identify these cells because the principal criteria available were morphologic only.Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we have previously defined a phenotype for radial glia in rat spinal cord based upon the sequential expression of vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and an intermediate filament-associated protein, IFAP-70/280kD. We report here the application of another intermediate filament-associated protein, IFAP-300kD, originally identified in BHK-21 cells, to the immunofluorescence study of radial glia in the developing rat spinal cord.Results showed that IFAP-300kD appeared very early in rat spinal cord development. In fact by embryonic day 13, IFAP-300kD immunoreactivity was already at its peak and was observed in most of the radial glia which span the spinal cord from the ventricular to the subpial surfaces (Fig. 1). Interestingly, from this time, IFAP-300kD immunoreactivity diminished rapidly in a dorsal to ventral manner, so that by embryonic day 16 it was detectable only in the maturing macroglial cells in the marginal zone of the spinal cord and the dorsal median septum (Fig. 2). By birth, the spinal cord was essentially immuno-negative for this IFAP. Thus, IFAP-300kD appears to be another differentiation marker available for future studies of gliogenesis, especially for the early stages of radial glia differentiation.

Autophagy and ageing: implications for age-related neurodegenerative diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Carroll ◽  
Graeme Hewitt ◽  
Viktor I. Korolchuk
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
Autophagy Activity ◽  
Intense Research

Autophagy is a process of lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation that participates in the liberation of resources including amino acids and energy to maintain homoeostasis. Autophagy is particularly important in stress conditions such as nutrient starvation and any perturbation in the ability of the cell to activate or regulate autophagy can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. An area of intense research interest is the role and indeed the fate of autophagy during cellular and organismal ageing. Age-related disorders are associated with increased cellular stress and assault including DNA damage, reduced energy availability, protein aggregation and accumulation of damaged organelles. A reduction in autophagy activity has been observed in a number of ageing models and its up-regulation via pharmacological and genetic methods can alleviate age-related pathologies. In particular, autophagy induction can enhance clearance of toxic intracellular waste associated with neurodegenerative diseases and has been comprehensively demonstrated to improve lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, rodents and primates. The situation, however, has been complicated by the identification that autophagy up-regulation can also occur during ageing. Indeed, in certain situations, reduced autophagosome induction may actually provide benefits to ageing cells. Future studies will undoubtedly improve our understanding of exactly how the multiple signals that are integrated to control appropriate autophagy activity change during ageing, what affect this has on autophagy and to what extent autophagy contributes to age-associated pathologies. Identification of mechanisms that influence a healthy lifespan is of economic, medical and social importance in our ‘ageing’ world.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

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