Molecular Genetic Aspects of Human Mitochondrial Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils-Göran Larsson ◽  
David A. Clayton
2001 ◽  
Vol 248 (9) ◽  
pp. 778-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sciacco ◽  
Alessandro Prelle ◽  
Giacomo P. Comi ◽  
Laura Napoli ◽  
Alessandro Battistel ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Т.Д. Крылова ◽  
М.В. Куркина ◽  
П.В. Баранова ◽  
Е.Ю. Пыркова ◽  
П.Г. Цыганкова ◽  
...  

Первичные митохондриальные заболевания (ПМЗ) - генетически и клинически гетерогенные заболевания, характеризующиеся нарушением структуры или функций системы окислительного фосфорилирования (OXPHOS), включая электрон-транспортную цепь. Несмотря на успешное применение методов секвенирования нового поколения в диагностике наследственных заболеваний в последнее десятилетие, существует ряд объективных трудностей в интерпретации результатов, особенно при обнаружении новых генов или новых вариантов нуклеотидной последовательности. Анализ биомаркеров, которые являются индикаторами нарушения функций митохондрий, является важным этапом в диагностике многих ПМЗ. Целью данной работы было проведение анализа спектра и концентраций 72 органических кислот в моче методом газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометнией (ГХ-МС,7890А/5975С, Agilent Technologies, США) в выборке из 84 пациентов с подтвержденным молекулярно-генетическими методами диагнозом ПМЗ и оценка их диагностической значимости. Среди 84 пациентов с ПМЗ, отклонения в спектре органических кислот были выявлены в 78% (66/84) случаев. Уникальный спектр органических кислот наблюдался при митохондриальных гепатопатиях, связанных с мутациями в гене DGUOK: наравне с повышением уровня лактата, пирувата, 3-гидроксибутирата было выявлено повышение концентрации 4-гидроксифениллактата, 4-гидроксифенилпирувата. При анализе ROC-кривых было показано, что диагностическая значимость маркеров убывает в ряду: 3-гидроксибутират, лактат, пируват. При проведении оценки достоверности теста показано, что повышение концентраций пирувата и 4-гидроксифениллактата может быть принято во внимание при предположении ПМЗ у пациента. Introduction. Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMD) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a defective structure and functions of the Oxidative Phosphorylation System (OXPHOS). Despite the advantages of the next generation sequencing, diagnosis of PMD is still challenging. There is no currently available biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity. But the level of metabolites reflecting the defective OXPHOS is needed for making of a diagnosis of PMD. Aim: to reveal the level and spectrum of urine organic acids among patients with confirmed diagnosis (by molecular-genetic analysis) of PMD and to estimate the diagnostic value of the test. Methods. We measured 72 different metabolites in 84 urine samples from patients with PMD by GC-MS (7890А/5975С, Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. In 66/84 cases among the patients, we detected the abnormal level of urine organic acids. We observed a unique spectrum of metabolites in the patients with DGUOK-associated hepatopathy (abnormal levels of lactate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and at the same time 4-hydroxyphenyllactate and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate). Using ROC-analysis one of the most informative biomarkers was 3-hydroxybutyrate. But due to the lack of specificity, it could not be classified as a valuable biomarker for PMD. The high level of pyruvate and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate could be taken into account to make a diagnosis of PMD


2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Musholt ◽  
T. J. Musholt

SummaryAim: Thyroid nodules > 1 cm are observed in about 12% of unselected adult employees aged 18–65 years screened by ultrasound scan (40). While intensive ultrasound screening leads to early detection of thyroid diseases, the determination of benign or malignant behaviour remains uncertain and may trigger anxieties in many patients and their physicians. A considerable number of thyroid resections are consecutively performed due to suspicion of malignancy in the detected nodes. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been recommended for the assessment of thyroid nodules to facilitate detection of thyroid carcinomas but also to rule out malignancy and thereby avoid unnecessary thyroid resections. However, cytology results are dependent on experience of the respective cytologist and unfortunately inconclusive in many cases. Methods: Molecular genetic markers are already used nowadays to enhance sensitivity and specificity of FNAB cytology in some centers in Germany. The most clinically relevant molecular genetic markers as pre-operative diagnostic tools and the clinical implications for the intraoperative and postoperative management were reviewed. Results: Molecular genetic markers predominantly focus on the preoperative detection of thyroid malignancies rather than the exclusion of thyroid carcinomas. While some centers routinely assess FNABs, other centers concentrate on FNABs with cytology results of follicular neoplasia or suspicion of thyroid carcinoma. Predominantly mutations of BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and PAX8/PPARγ or expression of miRNAs are analyzed. However, only the detection of BRAF mutations predicts the presence of (papillary) thyroid malignancy with almost 98% probability, indicating necessity of oncologic thyroid resections irrespective of the cytology result. Other genetic alterations are associated with thyroid malignancy with varying frequency and achieve less impact on the clinical management. Conclusion: Molecular genetic analysis of FNABs is increasingly performed in Germany. Standardization, quality controls, and validation of various methods need to be implemented in the near future to be able to compare the results. With increasing knowledge about the impact of genetic alterations on the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas, recommendations have to be defined that may lead to individually optimized treatment strategies.


2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S153-S155
Author(s):  
D. Delev ◽  
S. Pahl ◽  
J. Driesen ◽  
H. Brondke ◽  
J. Oldenburg ◽  
...  

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 756-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Tomiyama ◽  
Hirokazu Kashiwagi ◽  
Satoru Kosugi ◽  
Masamichi Shiraga ◽  
Yoshio Kanayama ◽  
...  

SummaryWe analyzed the molecular genetic defect responsible for type I Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia in a Japanese patient. In an immunoblot assay using polyclonal anti-GPIIb-IIIa antibodies, some GPIIIa (15% of normal amount) could be detected in the patient’s platelets, whereas GPIIb could not (<2% of normal amount). Nucleotide sequence analysis of platelet GPIIb mRNA-derived polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products revealed that patient’s GPIIb cDNA had a 75-bp deletion in the 3’ boundary of exon 17 resulting in an in-frame deletion of 25 amino acids. DNA analysis and family study revealed that the patient was a compound heterozygote of two GPIIb gene defects. One allele derived from her father was not expressed in platelets, and the other allele derived from her mother had a 9644C → T mutation which was located at the position -3 of the splice donor junction of exon 17 and resulted in a termination codon (TGA). Moreover, quantitative analysis demonstrated that the amount of the abnormal GPIIb transcript in the patient’s platelets was markedly reduced. Thus, the C → T mutation resulting in the abnormal splicing of GPIIb transcript and the reduction in its amount is responsible for Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia.


1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (02) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Oldenburg ◽  
J K Picard ◽  
R Schwaab ◽  
H H Brackmann ◽  
E G D Tuddenham ◽  
...  

SummaryMolecular genetic studies have shown that development of antibodies to factor VIII (inhibitors) occurs most frequently in patients with severe haemophilia due to major gene lesions including inversions, stop codons and large deletions. Previous studies of HLA type were performed on inhibitor and non-inhibitor patients with diverse uncharacterised mutations which may have confounded detection of significant associations. We therefore selected a group of patients with a single mutation type, the prevalent intron 22 inversion, with or without inhibitors, to determine HLA genotype. Seventy-one such patients, 42 without and 29 with inhibitors (13 high, 9 low and 7 transient responders) were genotyped for MHC Class I HLA-A, -B, -C and Class II HLA-DQA, -DQB and -DRB loci. No strong correlation of any HLA-allele to inhibitor or non-inhibitor status was found. However, alleles of the haplotype HLA-A3, HLA-B7, HLA-C7, HLA-DQA0102, HLA-DQB0602, HLA-DR15 occurred more often in inhibitor patients. Since the alleles of this extended haplotype are common in the North European population only a very strong association would achieve statistical significance. Further studies of groups of patients similar to those studied here will be needed to confirm or exclude this association.


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