BIOMARKERS IN PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT: Integration of Data across Multiple Domains

Author(s):  
Peter R. Bieck ◽  
William Z. Potter

This review focuses on the current status of biomarkers and/or approaches critical to assessing novel neuroscience targets with an emphasis on new paradigms and challenges in this field of research. The importance of biomarker data integration for psychotropic drug development is illustrated with examples for clinically used medications and investigational drugs. The question remains how to verify access to the brain. Early imaging studies including micro-PET can help to overcome this. However, in case of delayed tracer development or because of no feasible application of brain imaging effects of the molecule, using CSF as a matrix could fill this gap. Proteomic research using CSF will hopefully have a major impact on the development of treatments for psychiatric disorders.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita P. Kakad ◽  
Sanjay J. Kshirsagar

Introduction: The infiltration of HIV into the brain alters the functions of the nervous system known as NeuroAIDS. It leads to neuronal defects clinically manifested by motor and cognitive dysfunctions. Materials/Methods: Current antiretroviral therapy can prevent viral replication but cannot cure the disease completely. HAART-Highly active antiretroviral therapy used for the treatment of HIV infection. Challenges in neuro-AIDS therapy are as shown in the graphical abstract. One of the challenges is latent viral reservoirs like the brain; which acts as a sanctuary site for viruses. Nearly ~50% of HIV patients show neuropathological signs. Nervous system related disorders including AIDS dementia, sensory neuropathy, and myelopathy have a 25% of prevalence in patients having access to a highly active combination antiretroviral therapy. Results/Conclusions: Brain is one of the viral sanctuary sites for HIV. The current need of neuro-AIDS therapy is to target the brain as a viral reservoir. Drugs should cross or bypass the blood-brain barrier to reach the brain with effective concentrations. Current research on novel drug delivery approaches may prove helpful to treat neuro-AIDS and related disorders effectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Daphney Jean ◽  
Shiew‐Mei Huang ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Philip S. Murphy ◽  
Neel Patel ◽  
Timothy J. McCarthy

Pharmaceutical research and development requires a systematic interrogation of a candidate molecule through clinical studies. To ensure resources are spent on only the most promising molecules, early clinical studies must understand fundamental attributes of the drug candidate, including exposure at the target site, target binding and pharmacological response in disease. Molecular imaging has the potential to quantitatively characterize these properties in small, efficient clinical studies. Specific benefits of molecular imaging in this setting (compared to blood and tissue sampling) include non-invasiveness and the ability to survey the whole body temporally. These methods have been adopted primarily for neuroscience drug development, catalysed by the inability to access the brain compartment by other means. If we believe molecular imaging is a technology platform able to underpin clinical drug development, why is it not adopted further to enable earlier decisions? This article considers current drug development needs, progress towards integration of molecular imaging into studies, current impediments and proposed models to broaden use and increase impact. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging’.


2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manida Wungjiranirun ◽  
Ciaran P Kelly ◽  
Daniel A Leffler

MedChemComm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés González-Gil ◽  
Debora Zian ◽  
Henar Vázquez-Villa ◽  
Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez ◽  
María L. López-Rodríguez

The current status of the LPA1receptor and its ligands in the drug development pipeline is reviewed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. T1-T11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Raisman

Geoffrey Harris is chiefly known for his demonstration of the control of the pituitary gland by the portal vessels coming from the hypothalamus. This does not do justice to his extraordinary contribution to biology. Harris' life's work was central in demonstrating the brain/body interactions by which animals and humans adapt to their environment, and above all the control of that most crucial and proximate of all evolutionary events – reproduction. In this brief review, I have tried to put Geoffrey Harris' work in the context of the scientific thinking at the time when he began his work, and above all, the contribution of his mentor, FHA Marshall, on whose towering shoulders Harris rose. But this is mainly my personal story, in which I have tried to show the debt that my work owed to Harris and especially to my dear friend, the late Keith Brown-Grant in Harris' team. I myself was never an endocrinologist, but over a short period in the early 1970s, under the influence of such inspirational mentors, and using purely anatomical methods, I was able to demonstrate sexual dimorphism and hormone-dependent sexual differentiation in the connections of the preoptic area, regeneration of the median eminence, the ultrastructure of apoptosis, the requirement for the suprachiasmatic nuclei in reproductive rhythms, the existence of non-rod or cone photoreceptors in the albino rat retina and, later, the expression of vasopressin by solitary (one in 600) magnocellular neurons in the polydipsic di/di Brattleboro mutant rat; this phenomenon was subsequently shown to be due to a+1 reading frameshift. I end this brief overview by mentioning some of the abiding and fascinating mysteries of the endocrine memory of the brain that arise from Harris' work on the control of the endocrines, and by pointing out how the current interest in chronobiology emphasises what a Cinderella the endocrine mechanisms have become in current brain imaging studies.


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