Facial Canal Anatomy in Patients with Microtia: Evaluation of the Temporal Bones with Thin-Section CT

Radiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Takegoshi ◽  
Kimitaka Kaga ◽  
Shigeru Kikuchi ◽  
Ken Ito
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Temporal Bones

scholarly journals Analysis of tympanic sinus shape for purposes of intraoperative hearing monitoring: a microCT study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bilińska ◽  
Tomasz Wojciechowski ◽  
Jacek Sokołowski ◽  
Kazimierz Niemczyk
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Sinus Tympani ◽  
Stapedius Muscle ◽  
Electrode Shape ◽  
Posterior Tympanotomy ◽  
Temporal Bones

Abstract Purpose Sinus tympani is the space in the retrotympanum, with variable morphology. Computed tomography is a common tool to investigate sinus tympani anatomy. During cochlear implantation or tympanoplasty, electrocochleography can be used for hearing monitoring. In such a surgical strategy the electrode is placed in the round window’s region throughout posterior tympanotomy. Common accessible needle-shaped electrodes using is difficult in achieving intraoperative stabilization. The aim of the study is to assess the dimensions and shape of sinus tympani, basing on the micro computed tomography scans for purposes of establishing the possible new electrocochleography electrode shape. Materials and methods Sixteen fresh frozen cadaveric temporal bones were dissected. MicroCT measurements included the depth and the width of sinus tympani, width of facial canal with stapedius muscle chamber. Obtained data were analyzed statistically with the use of RStudio 1.3.959 software. Results The highest average width of sinus tympani amounted for 2.68 mm, depth measured at the round window plane for 3.19 mm. Width of facial canal with stapedius muscle chamber highest average values at the round window plane- 3.32 mm. The lowest average minimum and maximum values were calculated at the 1 mm above the round window plane. The highest average posterior tympanotomy width was 2.91 mm. Conclusions The shape of the tympanic sinus is like a trough with the narrowest and deepest dimensions in the middle part. The ST shape and dimensions should be taken into account in constructing the ECochG electrode, designed for optimal placement through posterior tympanotomy approach.

Anatomical characteristics of the fossula fenestrae vestibuli

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Djerić ◽  
D. Savić
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Medial Wall ◽  
Front Wall ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Lower Wall ◽  
Back Wall ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractAnatomical characteristics of the fossula fenestrae vestibuli were tested and analysed precisely on 200 samples of temporal bones. The fossula is usually ovoid and shallow but can be, exceptionally, elongated, narrow and deep. It is surrounded by four walls. In 45.5 per cent of cases the upper wall is formed only by the facial canal and in 54.5 per cent of cases a bony lamella is found beneath the facial canal; the promontory forms the lower wall; the front wall is formed by the bony lamella and part of the processus cochleariformis; the back wall is clearly defined in only 22.8 per cent of cases and is formed by the bony lamella of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity. In 13.2 per cent of cases the floor of the fossula partially covers the prominence of the facial canal and in two per cent the eminentia pyramidalis. Bony recesses in this region occur fairly frequently: sinus subfacialis in 60 per cent, sinus retrofenestralis in 77.2 per cent, and sinus subrostralis in 25 per cent of the cases. These anatomical variations can influence the result of surgical intervention.

Effects of a High Jugular Fossa and Jugular Bulb Diverticulum on the Inner Ear

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wadin ◽  
L. Thomander ◽  
H. Wilbrand
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Vestibular Aqueduct ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
Temporal Bones

From a series of patients undergoing routine radiographic examination, 112 temporal bones with a high jugular fossa were selected. Among these, 43 jugular bulb diverticula were found. The structures affected by a high fossa or diverticulum were recorded and correlated to the clinical symptoms of the patient. The vestibule was suspected to be affected in five patients. Two of these patients had tinnitus and vertigo, and three had hearing loss. In one of the latter the hearing loss was most marked in the supine position. The cochlea was close to the fossa in three patients, all of whom had tinnitus. Four patients had a defect of the posterior semicircular canal. One of them lost his hearing after a severe fit of coughing, became unsteady and showed signs of a fistula. The internal acoustic meatus and the mastoid portion of the facial canal were affected in two and four patients, respectively, who had no recorded symptoms. Twelve of 34 patients with Menière's disease and a high jugular fossa on the side of the diseased ear had a dehiscence of the vestibular aqueduct caused by the fossa or diverticulum, compared with nine of 58 patients in the unselected material. For comparison and demonstration of topographic relationships, 58 casts of unselected radiographed temporal bone specimens with high jugular fossae or diverticula were investigated. In patients with a high jugular fossa or jugular bulb diverticulum, tomographic assessment may be of value.

R435 – Stapedius Muscle Relations to the Facial Canal

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P190-P190
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Abou-Bieh ◽  
Thomas J Haberkamp ◽  
Jarah Ali Al-Tubaikh
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Sinus Tympani ◽  
Stapedius Muscle ◽  
Facial Nerve Canal ◽  
Tendon Insertion ◽  
Temporal Bones

Problem The gross anatomical variations of the stapedius muscle and its relations to the facial nerve canal. Methods Thirty-five temporal bones were dissected, and the anatomic details were studied utilizing an operating microscope and otoendoscopes with 0o, 30o and 70o angles and 2.7 and 3 mm diameters. The muscle origin, its course in its bony sulcus with its relation to the facial nerve canal, the tendon and its insertion were studied. Results Marked variations in the origin, size, and course of the muscle in its bony sulcus were detected. The shape of the sulcus itself and its relation to the facial nerve canal varied also, both mainly influenced by the sinus tympani development. These variations affected the shape and length of the tendon and the pyramidal eminence. In addition, they influenced the site of tendon insertion into the stapes. The presence of ectopic muscle bundles was confirmed in one specimen. Conclusion The stapedius muscle anatomy can vary significantly from one temporal bone to another. In some situations these variations can be of surgical importance worse enough to be recognized. Significance To add important unrecognized data to the surgical anatomy of the temporal bone.

Labyrinthine Segment and Geniculate Ganglion of Facial Nerve in Fetal and Adult Human Temporal Bones

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Xi Ge ◽  
Gershon J. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Petrous Apex ◽  
Geniculate Ganglion ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Nerve Segment ◽  
Temporal Bones

The later stages of development (15–40 weeks in utero) of the geniculate ganglion and labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve in the human fetus demonstrate minimal neuronal growth. The vascular supply is well established. The major changes occur in the perineural ossification pattern. The canal of the labyrinthine facial nerve segment ossifies first via the petrous apex and periotic capsule. The narrowest portion of the canal is at the geniculate ganglion in the earlier stages and at the fundus of the internal auditory canal at term. The geniculate ganglion area ossifies by means of two bony plates. The medial plate is a derivate of the periosteal growth of the petrous apex and the lateral plate is an extension of membranous bone from the squama. The major relationships to the middle ear do not change. The hiatus of the facial canal diminishes in size during gestation, but remains patent at birth.

Developmental Temporal Bone Anatomy and its Clinical Significance: Variations on Themes by H. F. Schuknecht

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gershon J. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Tumor Extension ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Bone Trauma ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Temporal Bones

Fifty-eight fetal and neonatal temporal bones were studied to evaluate the mechanisms of development of the hiatus of the facial canal, hypotympanic fissures, periotic duct, tympanomeningeal fissures, and fetal inner ear vascularity. These were correlated with the clinical pathologic entities of temporal bone trauma, glomus jugulare tumor extension within the temporal bone, CNS-temporal septic conduits, and inner ear vascularity. Temporal bone developmental anatomy and histopathology provide rich sources of information on which to base the scientific and clinical study of otology.

Temporal bone histopathological findings in campomelic dysplasia

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takahashi ◽  
I. Sando ◽  
H. Masutani
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Otic Capsule ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Campomelic Dysplasia ◽  
First Report ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractBoth temporal bones of a newborn (35 gestational weeks old) with campomelic syndrome were studied histopathologically. This is to our knowledge the second temporal bone report (third case) of this syndrome. The findings included: abnormal cartilagenous and osseous tissues and abnormality in the globuli interossei in the otic capsule; deformities of the vestibule and semicircular canals, probably due to compression by the abnormal cartilaginous tissue; hypoplastic cochleaand semicircular canals; aberrant course of the facial nerve; wide dehiscence of the facial canal in the tympanic portion; slight hypoplasia of the malleus and anomalies in the incus and stapes; and large epitympanic space. These findings closely resembled those of the first report, and suggest that: 1) campomelic dysplasia is a definite disease entity with consistent pathogenesis, and 2) similar otologic manifestations may be expected in the majority of patients with this syndrome.

Facial Canal Dehiscence: Histologic Study and Computer Reconstruction

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Takahashi ◽  
Isamu Sando
Keyword(s):  
Oval Window ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Histologic Study ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Computer Reconstruction ◽  
Frequent Site ◽  
Facial Canal Dehiscence ◽  
Window Area ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Canal Dehiscence

The incidence, location, shape, and dimensions of dehiscences in the facial canal to the middle ear space were studied in 160 temporal bones obtained from 129 individuals 24 gestational weeks to 109 years of age at death by means of light microscopy and our computer reconstruction and measurement method. Dehiscences were observed in 95 of the 129 individuals (74%) and in 119 of the 160 bones (74%). The incidence was found to be quite high among fetuses and newborns, lowest in individuals in their twenties and then again quite high in the geriatric population (χ2 test, χ2 = 5.45 and 4.41, p < .05). The most frequent site of dehiscence was the oval window area, particularly in its posterior half (57% of all ears) on the inferior to inferomedial aspects of the canal; these dehiscences were clearly demonstrated in reconstructed images. The incidence of dehiscence in the area of the cochleariform process was 16%, and all these dehiscences were on the lateral to superolateral aspect of the canal. The second genu area and the mastoid portion were sites of dehiscence in 21% and 18%, respectively, of specimens; more than half of the dehiscences in the second genu area and mastoid portion were on the lateral to anterolateral and posterior aspects of the facial canal, respectively. The shape of the dehiscence tended to be oval in the oval window area, but rather irregular in the other areas. The dehiscences ranged from 0.4 to 2.64 mm in length, from 0.12 to 1.59 mm in width, and from 0.03 to 1.87 mm2 in surface area. The proximity of these dehiscences to the field of otologic surgery is stressed.

The Infection of Cells by Bullet-Shaped Viruses

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
Frederick A. Murphy ◽  
Alyne K. Harrison ◽  
Sylvia G. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Thin Section Electron Microscopy ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
Section Electron Microscopy

The bullet-shaped viruses are currently classified together on the basis of similarities in virion morphology and physical properties. Biologically and ecologically the member viruses are extremely diverse. In searching for further bases for making comparisons of these agents, the nature of host cell infection, both in vivo and in cultured cells, has been explored by thin-section electron microscopy.

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