Developmental Temporal Bone Anatomy and its Clinical Significance: Variations on Themes by H. F. Schuknecht

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gershon J. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Tumor Extension ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Bone Trauma ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Temporal Bones

Fifty-eight fetal and neonatal temporal bones were studied to evaluate the mechanisms of development of the hiatus of the facial canal, hypotympanic fissures, periotic duct, tympanomeningeal fissures, and fetal inner ear vascularity. These were correlated with the clinical pathologic entities of temporal bone trauma, glomus jugulare tumor extension within the temporal bone, CNS-temporal septic conduits, and inner ear vascularity. Temporal bone developmental anatomy and histopathology provide rich sources of information on which to base the scientific and clinical study of otology.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pulling Out Cochlear Implant Electrodes on Inner Ear Microstructures: A Temporal Bone Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Todt ◽  
Rainer O. Seidl ◽  
Arne Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Temporal Bones

The exchange of an cochlear implant or the re-positioning of an electrode have become more frequently required than a decade ago. The consequences of such procedures at a microstructural level within the cochlea are not known. It was the aim of the present study to further investigate the effects of an CI electrode pull-out. Therefore 10 freshly harvested temporal bones (TB) were histologically evaluated after a cochlear implant electrode pull-out of a perimodiolar electrode. In additional 9 TB the intrascalar movements of the CI electrode while being pulled-out were digitally analysed by video- capturing. Histologically, a disruption of the modiolar wall or the spiral osseous lamina were not observed. In one TB, a basilar membrane lifting up was found, but it could not be undoubtedly attributed to the pull-out of the electrode. When analyzing the temporal sequence of the electrode movement during the pull-out, the electrode turned in one case so that the tip elevates the basilar membrane. The pull- out of perimodiolarly placed CI electrodes does not damage the modiolar wall at a microstructural level and should be guided (e.g., forceps) to prevent a 90 o turning of the electrode tip into the direction of the basilar membrane.

Experimental Viral Infections of the Inner Ear II. Simian Virus 40 Induced Tumors of the Temporal Bone

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Davis ◽  
George T. Nager ◽  
Richard T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Choroid Plexus Papilloma ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Temporal Bones

Pathological and virological studies were performed on temporal bones of 23 hamsters which developed tumors subsequent to neonatal inoculation of simian virus 40 (SV40). Four to five months after viral inoculation, 22 hamsters developed undifferentiated sarcomas in the subcutaneous space adjacent to the temporal bone. Nine tumors invaded the temporal bone, occasionally extending to the subarachnoid space but not to the inner ear. Choroid plexus papillomas developed in four animals, with one tumor demonstrating invasion of the cochlear aqueduct, internal auditory canal, and cochlear modiolus. Cells grown from a sarcoma and a choroid plexus papilloma contained tumor antigen and established that the tumors were SV40 virus induced.

Temporal Bone Pathology in Scuba Diving Deaths

1993 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Antonelli ◽  
G. Joseph Parell ◽  
Gary D. Becker ◽  
Michael M. Paparella
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Round Window Membrane ◽  
Bone Pathology ◽  
Rapid Ascent ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Inner Ear Damage ◽  
Air Cells

Scuba diving has long been associated with otologic injuries; however, little is known about temporal bone pathology in diving-related deaths. We examined 18 temporal bones from 11 divers who died, primarily from complications of rapid ascent. Bleeding into the middle ear and mastoid air cells was nearly universal. Inner ear damage included hemorrhage around Reissner's membrane and the round window membrane and rupture of the utricle and saccule. Most of the observed inner ear damage was not surgically treatable. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:514-21.)

Temporal Bone Findings in Cases of Salt Water Drowning

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kelemen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Temporal Bones

The otologic literature contains no description of the histopathological features of temporal bones of persons who perished in drowning accidents. Three temporal bones from two fatal cases of drowning were studied in serial sections. Two temporal bones were from a man aged 31 years who collapsed after scuba diving and died three days later. One temporal bone was from a 32-year-old man, serving in the navy, who drove his car, probably accidentally, into the sea and drowned in it. Histopathological findings appeared to be similar in the two cases. Diffuse hemorrhage was evident throughout the middle ear and inner ear. The tympanic and round window membranes appeared to be intact although hemorrhage had occurred within the tissue layers of the membranes. This finding contrasts with observations of ruptured membranes by other investigators.

Investigation of Temporal Bone Anatomy by Plastic Moulding and Cryomicrotomy

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wilbrand ◽  
W. Rauschning
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Bone Structures

To increase our understanding of the complex topographic relations between temporal bone structures and to facilitate the interpretation of their radiographic images, two techniques were developed. 1) Plastic moulding of temporal bone specimens using polyester resin and silicone rubber substances providing detailed information and a three-dimensional survey of the structures. Carefully macerated temporal bone specimens are filled with plastic material under vacuum and the bone is then dissolved. The preparations, freed from irrelevant structures and embellished, allow metric evaluation of the different structures and their topographic relations. 2) Automatic serial cryomicrotomy of fresh, deep-frozen temporal bones, using a commercial sledge-cryomicrotome. Photography of the cut surfaces of the specimen, usually at distances of 0.25 to 0.50 mm, allows natural-colour reproduction of minute detail, e.g. the melanin cell area in the cochlea, the smallest vessels on the ossicular surfaces, and the origin of the cochlear aqueduct at the basal turn of the cochlea. By correlating the photographs with images from the corresponding tomographic planes accurate information is obtained for interpretation of the radiographic images. A combination of the two techniques facilitates a detailed study and is a valuable aid in the teaching of temporal bone anatomy.

Temporal Bone Histopathology in Charge Association

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichi Haginomori ◽  
Makoto Miura ◽  
Isamu Sando ◽  
Margaretha L. Casselbrant
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
The Other ◽  
Otologic Surgery ◽  
Charge Association ◽  
Ear Anomalies ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Central Nervous System Anomalies

Three temporal bones obtained at autopsy from 2 patients with CHARGE association (Coloboma, congenital Heart disease, Atresia of choanae, mental Retardation and/or central nervous system anomalies, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear anomalies) were examined histopathologically. Both temporal bones from 1 patient showed multiple anomalies in the middle ear, inner ear, and facial nerve. However, the temporal bone obtained from the other patient showed almost normal structures in the inner ear, middle ear, and eustachian tube. These results are different from those of 2 previous reports of temporal bone histopathology regarding CHARGE association. This difference suggests that CHARGE association may arise not from one etiopathogenetic factor, but from complex factors. Special attention to dehiscent facial canal and perilymphatic gusher during otologic surgery in patients with CHARGE association is discussed.

R435 – Stapedius Muscle Relations to the Facial Canal

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P190-P190
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Abou-Bieh ◽  
Thomas J Haberkamp ◽  
Jarah Ali Al-Tubaikh
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Sinus Tympani ◽  
Stapedius Muscle ◽  
Facial Nerve Canal ◽  
Tendon Insertion ◽  
Temporal Bones

Problem The gross anatomical variations of the stapedius muscle and its relations to the facial nerve canal. Methods Thirty-five temporal bones were dissected, and the anatomic details were studied utilizing an operating microscope and otoendoscopes with 0o, 30o and 70o angles and 2.7 and 3 mm diameters. The muscle origin, its course in its bony sulcus with its relation to the facial nerve canal, the tendon and its insertion were studied. Results Marked variations in the origin, size, and course of the muscle in its bony sulcus were detected. The shape of the sulcus itself and its relation to the facial nerve canal varied also, both mainly influenced by the sinus tympani development. These variations affected the shape and length of the tendon and the pyramidal eminence. In addition, they influenced the site of tendon insertion into the stapes. The presence of ectopic muscle bundles was confirmed in one specimen. Conclusion The stapedius muscle anatomy can vary significantly from one temporal bone to another. In some situations these variations can be of surgical importance worse enough to be recognized. Significance To add important unrecognized data to the surgical anatomy of the temporal bone.

scholarly journals Validation of inner ear MRI in patients with Ménière’s disease by comparing endolymphatic hydrops from histopathologic specimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Sang Cho ◽  
Jong Sei Kim ◽  
Min Bum Kim ◽  
Sung Min Koh ◽  
Chang Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Meniere’S Disease ◽  
Ménière’S Disease ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractIntravenous gadolinium-enhanced inner-ear magnetic resonance imaging (IV-Gd inner-ear MRI) has been used to visualize endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in clinical diagnosis of Ménière’s disease (MD). However, lack of histological validation has led to several concerns regarding how best to interpret the resulting images. Here, we compared hydropic changes in temporal bone specimens with the results of IV-Gd inner-ear MRI in patients with MD. Histopathologic images of temporal bones from 37 patients with MD and 10 healthy controls were collected from the National Temporal Bone Bank of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in the United States. The EH ratios in the vestibule and cochlea were calculated from temporal bones using the methods used for IV-Gd inner-ear MRI, and the degree to which the saccular and utricular hydrops contributed to vestibular hydrops was measured. The presence of hydropic change in each semicircular canal was assessed using temporal bone images and compared with IV-Gd inner-ear MRI scans of 74 patients with MD. Based on human temporal bone imagery, the EH ratios in the cochlea and the vestibule on the affected side were 0.314 and 0.757, respectively. In the healthy control group, the ratio was 0.064 for the cochlea and 0.289 for the vestibule; these values were significantly different from those for the affected side of MD patients. The values for the affected ear were similar to the ratios from the IV-Gd inner-ear MRI scans in MD patients. In the vestibule, saccular hydrops were more common than utricular hydrops. The average EH ratios in the saccule and utricle were 0.513 and 0.242, respectively. No significant hydropic change from each of three semicircular canals was evident in temporal bone histopathology. However, herniation of otolithic organs (saccule or utricle) into the lateral semicircular canal was found in 44.4% of the patients, with saccular herniation (24.8%) more common than utricular herniation (16.7%). Although IV-Gd inner-ear MRI might not reflect fully the results of actual histopathology due to the limited resolution of MRI and image-processing techniques, the measured EH ratios from temporal bone specimens and IV-Gd inner-ear MRI scans were similar. Hydropic change in the three semicircular canals was not significant at either the ampullated or nonampullated end. Canal invasion of vestibular hydrops seen on MRI also appeared in temporal bone histopathology, and saccular invasion was dominant.

scholarly journals The effect of virtual reality on temporal bone anatomy evaluation and performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Timonen ◽  
Aarno Dietz ◽  
Pia Linder ◽  
Antti Lehtimäki ◽  
Heikki Löppönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Bones

Abstract Purpose There is only limited data on the application of virtual reality (VR) for the evaluation of temporal bone anatomy. The aim of the present study was to compare the VR environment to traditional cross-sectional viewing of computed tomography images in a simulated preoperative planning setting in novice and expert surgeons. Methods A novice (n = 5) and an expert group (n = 5), based on their otosurgery experience, were created. The participants were asked to identify 24 anatomical landmarks, perform 11 distance measurements between surgically relevant anatomical structures and 10 fiducial markers on five cadaver temporal bones in both VR environment and cross-sectional viewings in PACS interface. The data on performance time and user-experience (i.e., subjective validation) were collected. Results The novice group made significantly more errors (p < 0.001) and with significantly longer performance time (p = 0.001) in cross-sectional viewing than the expert group. In the VR environment, there was no significant differences (errors and time) between the groups. The performance of novices improved faster in the VR. The novices showed significantly faster task performance (p = 0.003) and a trend towards fewer errors (p = 0.054) in VR compared to cross-sectional viewing. No such difference between the methods were observed in the expert group. The mean overall scores of user-experience were significantly higher for VR than cross-sectional viewing in both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion In the VR environment, novices performed the anatomical evaluation of temporal bone faster and with fewer errors than in the traditional cross-sectional viewing, which supports its efficiency for the evaluation of complex anatomy.

scholarly journals Management of Temporal Bone Trauma

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpen Patel ◽  
Eli Groppo
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Cerebral Contusion ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Bone Trauma ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
The Brain

The temporal bones are paired structures located on the lateral aspects of the skull and contribute to the skull base. Trauma is usually the result of blunt head injury and can result in damage to the brain and meninges, the middle and internal ear, and the facial nerve. Complications can include intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral contusion, CSF leak and meningitis, hearing loss, vertigo, and facial paralysis. To prevent these complications, diagnosis followed by appropriate medical and surgical management is critical. Diagnosis relies primarily on physical signs and symptoms as well as radiographic imaging. Emergent intervention is required in situations involving herniation of the brain into the middle ear cavity or hemorrhage of the intratemporal carotid artery. Patients with declining facial nerve function are candidates for early surgical intervention. Conductive hearing loss can be corrected surgically as an elective procedure, while sensorineural hearing loss carries a poor prognosis, regardless of management approach. Children generally recover from temporal bone trauma with fewer complications than adults and experience a markedly lower incidence of facial nerve paralysis.

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