Development of a Highly Integrated Micro Fuel Processor Based on Methanol Steam Reforming for a HT-PEM Fuel Cell with an Electric Power Output of 30 W

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wichmann ◽  
Philip Engelhardt ◽  
Roland Wruck ◽  
Klaus Lucka ◽  
Heinrich Köhne
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Methanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
Fuel Processor

Independent Analysis of Real-Time, Measured Performance Data From Microcogenerative Fuel Cell Systems Installed in Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Dillon ◽  
Whitney G. Colella
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
System Time

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is working with industry to independently monitor up to 15 distinct 5 kW-electric (kWe) combined heat and power (CHP) high temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems (FCSs) installed in light commercial buildings. This research paper discusses an evaluation of the first six months of measured performance data acquired at a 1 s sampling rate from real-time monitoring equipment attached to the FCSs at building sites. Engineering performance parameters are independently evaluated. Based on an analysis of the first few months of measured operating data, FCS performance is consistent with manufacturer-stated performance. Initial data indicate that the FCSs have relatively stable performance and a long-term average production of about 4.57 kWe of power. This value is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer's stated rated electric power output of 5 kWe. The measured system net electric efficiency has averaged 33.7%, based on the higher heating value (HHV) of natural gas fuel. This value, also, is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer's stated rated electric efficiency of 36%. The FCSs provide low-grade hot water to the building at a measured average temperature of about 48.4 °C, lower than the manufacturer's stated maximum hot water delivery temperature of 65 °C. The uptime of the systems is also evaluated. System availability can be defined as the quotient of total operating time compared to time since commissioning. The average values for system availability vary between 96.1 and 97.3%, depending on the FCS evaluated in the field. Performance at rated value for electrical efficiency (PRVeff) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric efficiency and the time since commissioning. The PRVeff varies between 5.6% and 31.6%, depending on the FCS field unit evaluated. Performance at rated value for electrical power (PRVp) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric power and the time since commissioning. PRVp varies between 6.5% and 16.2%. Performance at rated value for electrical efficiency and power (PRVt) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above both the rated electric efficiency and the electric power output compared to the time since commissioning. PRVt varies between 0.2% and 1.4%. Optimization to determine the manufacturer rating required to achieve PRVt greater than 80% has been performed based on the collected data. For example, for FCS Unit 130 to achieve a PRVt of 95%, it would have to be down-rated to an electrical power output of 3.2 kWe and an electrical efficiency of 29%. The use of PRV as an assessment metric for FCSs has been developed and reported for the first time in this paper. For FCS Unit 130, a maximum decline in electric power output of approximately 18% was observed over a 500 h period in Jan. 2012.

Synthesis of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2/CeO2 nanocatalysts via homogeneous precipitation and combustion methods used in methanol steam reforming for fuel cell grade hydrogen production

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 57199-57209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Khajeh Talkhoncheh ◽  
Mohammad Haghighi ◽  
Shahab Minaei ◽  
Hossein Ajamein ◽  
Mozaffar Abdollahifar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Methanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Homogeneous Precipitation ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methanol

In this research the effects of synthesis method and CeO2 and ZrO2 promoters were studied in the steam reforming of methanol over a CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst. Addition of ZrO2 and CeO2 reduces CO selectivity, while CeO2 is more effective.

Antioxidative and stable PdZn/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst coatings concerning methanol steam reforming for fuel cell-powered vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 115043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peijian Yan ◽  
Pengfei Tian ◽  
Cheng Cai ◽  
Shenghu Zhou ◽  
Xinhai Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Methanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

scholarly journals Influence of degradation in units of PV modules on electric power output of PV system

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Hayashi ◽  
Tomoya Nagayama ◽  
Tadashi Tanaka ◽  
Yoshitaka Inui
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Modules

An Analysis of Water Management for a PEM Fuel Cell System in Automotive Drive Cycles

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Haraldsson ◽  
Tony Markel ◽  
Keith Wipke
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Aggressive Drive

Low-temperature operation of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system requires humidification of the membrane. The amount of water produced electrochemically within the fuel cell system is directly related to the system power output. In a vehicular application where the power output may vary substantially over time, it is critical that water management be addressed in the fuel cell and vehicle system design. This paper introduces the integration of a detailed fuel cell system model within a hybrid electric vehicle system model. The newly integrated models provide the capability to better understand the impacts of a variety of fuel cell and vehicle design parameters on overall system performance. Ultimately, coupling these models leads to system optimization and increased vehicle efficiency. This paper presents the initial results of a parametric study to quantify the impacts of condenser size and cathode inlet relative humidity on system water balance under realistic drive cycles in a fuel cell hybrid electric sport utility vehicle. The vehicle simulations included operation under both hot and ambient start conditions. The study results demonstrate that ambient start or aggressive drive cycles require larger condensers or water reservoirs to maintain a neutral water balance than either hot start or less aggressive drive cycles.

scholarly journals Comparison of Electric Power Output Observed and Estimated from Floating Photovoltaic Systems: A Case Study on the Hapcheon Dam, Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jangwon Suh ◽  
Yonghae Jang ◽  
Yosoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Feasibility Assessment

An interest in floating photovoltaic (PV) is growing drastically worldwide. To evaluate the feasibility of floating PV projects, an accurate estimation of electric power output (EPO) is a crucial first step. This study estimates the EPO of a floating PV system and compares it with the actual EPO observed at the Hapcheon Dam, Korea. Typical meteorological year data and system design parameters were entered into System Advisor Model (SAM) software to estimate the hourly and monthly EPOs. The monthly estimated EPOs were lower than the monthly observed EPOs. This result is ascribed to the cooling effect of the water environment on the floating PV module, which makes the floating PV efficiency higher than overland PV efficiency. Unfortunately, most commercial PV software, including the SAM, was unable to consider this effect in estimating EPO. The error results showed it was possible to estimate the monthly EPOs with an error of less than 15% (simply by simulation) and 9% (when considering the cooling effect: 110% of the estimated monthly EPOs). This indicates that the approach of using empirical results can provide more reliable estimation of EPO in the feasibility assessment stage of floating PV projects. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop simulation software dedicated to the floating PV system.

Hydrogen Production for PEM Fuel Cells via Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methanol Using Cu-Al Catalysts Modified With Ce and Cr

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Patel ◽  
K. K. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methanol ◽  
Al Oxide

The performance of Cu-Ce-Al-oxide and Cu-Cr-Al-oxide catalysts of varying compositions prepared by co-precipitation method was evaluated for the PEM fuel cell grade hydrogen production via oxidative steam reforming of methanol (OSRM). The limitations of partial oxidation and steam reforming of methanol for the hydrogen production for PEM fuel cell could be overcome using OSRM and can be performed auto-thermally with idealized reaction stoichiomatry. Catalysts surface area and pore volume were determined using N2 adsorption-desorption method. The final elemental compositions were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Crystalline phases of catalyst samples were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) demonstrated that the incorporation of Ce improved the copper reducibility significantly compared to Cr promoter. The OSRM was carried out in a fixed bed catalytic reactor. Reaction temperature, contact-time (W/F) and oxygen to methanol (O/M) molar ratio varied from 200–300°C, 3–21 kgcat s mol−1 and 0–0.5 respectively. The steam to methanol (S/M) molar ratio = 1.4 and pressure = 1 atm were kept constant. Catalyst Cu-Ce-Al:30-10-60 exhibited 100% methanol conversion and 152 mmol s−1 kgcat−1 hydrogen production rate at 300°C with carbon monoxide formation as low as 1300 ppm, which reduces the load on preferential oxidation of CO to CO2 (PROX) significantly before feeding the hydrogen rich stream to the PEM fuel cell as a feed. The higher catalytic performance of Ce containing catalysts was attributed to the improved Cu reducibility, higher surface area, and better copper dispersion. Reaction parameters were optimized in order to maximize the hydrogen production and to keep the CO formation as low as possible. The time-on-stream stability test showed that the Cu-Ce-Al-oxide catalysts subjected to a moderate deactivation compared to Cu-Cr-Al-oxide catalysts. The amount of carbon deposited onto the catalysts was determined using TG/DTA thermogravimetric analyzer. C1s spectra were obtained by surface analysis of post reaction catalysts using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the nature of coke deposited.

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