Cycling Porous Silicon with Lithium Iron Phosphate for High Performance Li-Ion Batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (53) ◽  
pp. 33544-33551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Feng ◽  
Junjie Gu ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
Chunfu Lin ◽  
Jinli Zhang ◽  
...  

This work first discloses the evolution of lattice parameters of the non-stoichiometric lithium iron phosphate crystals.


Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Peralta P. ◽  
Giovani Vieira ◽  
Simon Meunier ◽  
Rodrigo Vale ◽  
Mauricio Salles ◽  
...  

Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the most critical worldwide concerns, and multiple efforts are being proposed to reduce these emissions. Shipping represents around 2% of global CO 2 emissions. Since ship power systems have a high dependence on fossil fuels, hybrid systems using diesel generators and batteries are becoming an interesting solution to reduce CO 2 emissions. In this article, we analyze the potential implementation of Li-ion batteries in a platform supply vessel system through simulations using HOMER software (Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources). We evaluate the impact of battery characteristics such as round trip efficiency, rated power, and energy capacity. We also evaluate the potential CO 2 emissions reduction that could be achieved with two of the most common types of Li-ion batteries (lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate). Furthermore, we consider that the Li-ion batteries are installed in a 20 ft container. Results indicate that the lithium iron phosphate battery has a better performance, even though the difference between both technologies is lower than 1% of total emissions. We also analyze the potential emissions reduction for different parts of a mission to an offshore platform for different configurations of the ship power system. The most significant potential CO 2 emissions reduction among the analyzed cases is 8.7% of the total emissions, and it is achieved by the configuration including the main and auxiliary diesel engines as well as batteries. Finally, we present managerial implications of these results for both companies operating ships and ship building companies.


Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Larouche ◽  
Farouk Tedjar ◽  
Kamyab Amouzegar ◽  
Georges Houlachi ◽  
Patrick Bouchard ◽  
...  

An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.


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