Ca2+ spark sites in smooth muscle cells are numerous and differ in number of ryanodine receptors, large-conductance K+ channels, and coupling ratio between them
Ca2+ sparks are highly localized Ca2+ transients caused by Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptors (RyR). In smooth muscle, Ca2+ sparks activate nearby large-conductance, Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channels to generate spontaneous transient outward currents (STOC). The properties of individual sites that give rise to Ca2+ sparks have not been examined systematically. We have characterized individual sites in amphibian gastric smooth muscle cells with simultaneous high-speed imaging of Ca2+ sparks using wide-field digital microscopy and patch-clamp recording of STOC in whole cell mode. We used a signal mass approach to measure the total Ca2+ released at a site and to estimate the Ca2+ current flowing through RyR [ ICa(spark)]. The variance between spark sites was significantly greater than the intrasite variance for the following parameters: Ca2+ signal mass, ICa(spark), STOC amplitude, and 5-ms isochronic STOC amplitude. Sites that failed to generate STOC did so consistently, while those at the remaining sites generated STOC without failure, allowing the sites to be divided into STOC-generating and STOC-less sites. We also determined the average number of spark sites, which was 42/cell at a minimum and more likely on the order of at least 400/cell. We conclude that 1) spark sites differ in the number of RyR, BK channels, and coupling ratio of RyR-BK channels, and 2) there are numerous Ca2+ spark-generating sites in smooth muscle cells. The implications of these findings for the organization of the spark microdomain are explored.