Lithium fluxes in human erythrocytes

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. C102-C110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Ehrlich ◽  
J. M. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Interindividual Variations ◽  
Manic Depressive

The contribution of four transport pathways to Li+ influx and efflux in human erythrocytes was determined quantitatively, using Li+ concentrations comparable to those found in vivo when Li+ is used as treatment for manic-depressive illness. All pathways were measured simultaneously on each subject's blood sample to avoid possible temporal variations in transport parameters. We found that Li+ efflux is 75% via countertransport and 25% via a leak. The bicarbonate-sensitive pathway accounts for 30% of influx while the remaining 70% is via a leak. The Na+-K+ pump makes no significant contribution to Li+ influx or efflux under physiological conditions. Li+ efflux for a given [Li+]i is 3–5 times the Li+ influx for the same [Li+]o. However, due to interindividual variations in Na+-Li+ counter-transport, Li+ efflux but not influx varies considerably among individuals.

Lithium Accumulation in Erythrocytes of Manic-Depressive Patients: An in vivo Twin Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz ◽  
Paul Verbanck ◽  
Paul Linkowski ◽  
Jean Wilmotte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depression ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Discordant Twins

SummaryGenetic factors play an important role in drug metabolism and drug response. In order to investigate genetic variables in lithium prophylaxis and lithium distribution across the erythrocyte in manic-depression, we have examined forty-two pairs of twins monozygotic (n = 25) and dizygotic (n = 17) with manic-depression. Concordant twins as a group show better lithium prophylaxis than do discordant twins. These results are consistent with previously published family studies of affective illness suggesting a positive relationship between genetic background and success of lithium prophylaxis.Lithium distribution across the red blood cell (RBC) was assessed by estimating lithium RBC/plasma ratios. The lithium ratio's intrapair differences in both groups of twins were minimal with a high heritability index suggesting that genetic factors play a role in lithium ion distribution. A high linear correlation was found between lithium ratio and plasma lithium and there was no difference in lithium ratios according to sex, affective state and response to lithium. The distribution of lithium ratios was homogenous in the lithium responders' population but this was not the case in the non-responders, suggesting biological heterogeneity of lithium distribution in lithium failures. The implications of these results are discussed as they relate to the genetic determinates of lithium prophylaxis in manic-depressive illness.These results indicate that lithium ratios are of limited value in lithium maintenance therapy. Our lithium kinetic data, however, are consistent with the concept of a lithium extrusion mechanism from red blood cells.

scholarly journals Phosphoinositide metabolism, lithium and manic depressive illness

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Aysegul Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Phosphoinositide Metabolism ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive

Physiology underlying manic depressive illness and treating effects of its most commonly used remedy – “lithium” is yet to be elucidated. Recent years of psychopharmacology research witnessed sparkling developments in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lithium’s mood stabilizing effects. Recent data on molecular biology andin vivomagnetic resonance spectroscopy suggest that some of the initial actions of lithium may occur through the inhibition of the enzyme inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) and reduction ofmyo–inositol, which in turn initiate a cascade of events at different levels of signal transduction process and gene expression in brain; such as the effects on protein kinase C, myristoylated alenine rich C kinase substrate protein, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, B cell lymphoma–2 protein, and activator protein–I. It is likely that the enzyme IMPase other that being the key point in initiating lithium’s therapeutic effects, may also play a critical role in the physiology underlying manic depressive illness.

Conditioning and Sensitisation in the Longitudinal Course of Affective Illness

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Post ◽  
David R. Rubinow ◽  
James C. Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Behavioural Sensitisation ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Progressive Course

Few biological theories of manic-depressive illness have focused on the longitudinal course of affective dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying its often recurrent and progressive course. The authors discuss two models for the development of progressive behavioural dysfunction—behavioural sensitisation and electrophysiological kindling—as they provide clues to important clinical and biological variables relevant to sensitisation in affective illness. The role of environmental context and conditioning in mediating behavioural and biochemical aspects of this sensitisation is emphasised. The sensitisation models provide a conceptual approach to previously inexplicable clinical phenomena in the longitudinal course of affective illness and may provide a bridge between psychoanalytic/psychosocial and neurobiological formulations of manic-depressive illness.

Transmission of Manic-Depressive Illness

JAMA ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 224 (8) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive
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