Metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations to an 8-week lifestyle weight loss intervention in younger and older obese men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Vion ◽  
Veronika Sramkova ◽  
Emilie Montastier ◽  
Marie-Adeline Marques ◽  
Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Obese Adults

The number of older obese adults is increasing worldwide. Whether obese adults show similar health benefits in response to lifestyle interventions at different ages is unknown. The study enrolled 25 obese men (BMI 31-39 kg/m2) in two arms according to age (30-40 and 60-70 years old). Participants underwent an 8-week intervention with moderate calorie restriction (~20% below individual energy requirements) and supervised endurance training resulting in ~5% weight loss. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was assessed during a hypersinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Cardiometabolic profile was derived from blood parameters. Subcutaneous fat and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were used for ex vivo analyses. Two-way repeated-measure ANOVA and linear mixed models were used to evaluate the response to lifestyle intervention and comparison between the two groups. Fat mass was decreased and bone mass was preserved in the two groups after intervention. Muscle mass decreased significantly in older obese men. Cardiovascular risk (Framingham risk score, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol) and insulin sensitivity were greatly improved to a similar extent in the two age groups after intervention. Changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle transcriptomes were marginal. Analysis of the differential response to the lifestyle intervention showed tenuous differences between age groups. These data suggest that lifestyle intervention combining calorie restriction and exercise shows similar beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk and insulin sensitivity in younger and older obese men. However, attention must be paid to potential loss of muscle mass in response to weight loss in older obese men.

scholarly journals Changes in Subcutaneous Fat Cell Volume and Insulin Sensitivity After Weight Loss

Diabetes Care ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1831-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Andersson ◽  
Daniel Eriksson Hogling ◽  
Anders Thorell ◽  
Eva Toft ◽  
Veronica Qvisth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Cell

scholarly journals Weight Loss Maintenance in Severely Obese Adults after an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention: 2- to 4-Year Follow-Up*

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Christiansen ◽  
Jens M. Bruun ◽  
Erik L. Madsen ◽  
Bjørn Richelsen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Intensive Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Severely Obese

scholarly journals Changes Induced by Physical Activity and Weight Loss in the Morphology of Intermyofibrillar Mitochondria in Obese Men and Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 3224-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico G. S. Toledo ◽  
Simon Watkins ◽  
David E. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Context: In obesity, skeletal muscle insulin resistance may be associated with smaller mitochondria. Objective: Our objective was to examine the effect of a lifestyle-modification intervention on the content and morphology of skeletal muscle mitochondria and its relationship to insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant subjects. Design: In this prospective interventional study, intermyofibrillar mitochondrial content and size were quantified by transmission electron microscopy with quantitative morphometric analysis of biopsy samples from vastus lateralis muscle. Systemic insulin sensitivity was measured with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps. Setting: The study took place at a university-based clinical research center. Participants: Eleven sedentary, overweight/obese volunteers without diabetes participated in the study. Intervention: Intervention included 16 wk of aerobic training with dietary restriction of 500-1000 kcal/d. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed changes in mitochondrial content and size and changes in insulin sensitivity. Results: The percentage of myofiber volume occupied by mitochondria significantly increased from 3.70 ± 0.31 to 4.87 ± 0.33% after intervention (P = 0.01). The mean individual increase was 42.5 ± 18.1%. There was also a change in the mean cross-sectional mitochondrial area, increasing from a baseline of 0.078 ± 0.007 to 0.091 ± 0.007 μm2 (P < 0.01), a mean increase of 19.2 ± 6.1% per subject. These changes in mitochondrial size and content highly correlated with improvements in insulin resistance (r = 0.68 and 0.72, respectively; P = 0.01). Conclusions: A combined intervention of weight loss and physical activity in previously sedentary obese adults is associated with enlargement of mitochondria and an increase in the mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle. These findings indicate that in obesity with insulin resistance, ultrastructural mitochondrial plasticity is substantially retained and, importantly, that changes in the morphology of mitochondria are associated with improvements in insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Nicotinamide Riboside Neutralizes Hypothalamic Inflammation and Increases Weight Loss Without Altering Muscle Mass in Obese Rats Under Calorie Restriction: A Preliminary Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josimar Macedo de Castro ◽  
Dirson João Stein ◽  
Helouise Richardt Medeiros ◽  
Carla de Oliveira ◽  
Iraci L. S. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hypothalamic Inflammation

Obesity treatments, such as calorie restriction (CR), eventually lead to muscle wasting and higher rates of neuroinflammation, whereas hypothalamic inflammatory conditions impair body weight (BW) control. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) has been proposed against obesity but with little evidence on skeletal muscle tissue (SMT) and neuroinflammation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of CR on SMT and on hypothalamic inflammatory biomarkers in obese adult male Wistar rats, and whether NR supplementation alone or in combination with CR affects these parameters. Obesity was induced in rats through a cafeteria diet for 6 weeks. After that, a group of obese rats was exposed to CR, associated or not associated with NR supplementation (400 mg/kg), for another 4 weeks. As a result, obese rats, with or without CR, presented lower relative weight of SMT when compared with eutrophic rats. Rats under CR presented lower absolute SMT weight compared with obese and eutrophic rats, in addition to presenting elevated hypothalamic levels of TNF-α. NR supplementation, in all groups, enhanced weight loss and increased relative weight of the SMT. Furthermore, in animals under CR, NR reversed increases TNF-α levels in the hypothalamus. In this study, these data, although succinct, are the first to evidence the effects of NR on SMT and neuroinflammation when associated with CR, especially in obesity conditions. Therefore, this provides preliminary support for future studies in this investigative field. Furthermore, NR emerges as a potential adjuvant for preventing muscle mass loss in the weight loss processes.

scholarly journals Does Regular Exercise without Weight Loss Reduce Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
YoonMyung Kim ◽  
HaNui Park
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Despite considerable efforts to tackle childhood obesity, it is recognized as one of the biggest health problems globally. Childhood obesity is a leading cause of many comorbid conditions such as metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance as well as type 2 diabetes. A strong body of evidence suggests that regular exercise without calorie restriction or weight loss is associated with reduced insulin resistance as well as improved insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults. However, despite the well-known benefits associated with regular exercise alone, the independent role of exercise training without calorie restriction on insulin resistance is still uncertain in youth. Some studies observed that both the aerobic and resistance type of exercise training without calorie restriction resulted in meaningful changes in insulin sensitivity, suggesting that exercise alone is an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing insulin resistance in overweight and obese youth. However, only few studies are available on the optimal dose of exercise training without calorie restriction or preferred exercise modality for reducing insulin resistance, which warrants further investigations in the pediatric population.

Weight Loss-Independent Effect of Calorie Restriction on Insulin Sensitivity and Postprandial Incretin Hormones

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. A11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Weiss ◽  
S.G. Albert ◽  
D.N. Reeds ◽  
K.S. Kress ◽  
U.R. Ezekiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Incretin Hormones

scholarly journals Diet-Induced Weight Loss Is Associated with an Improvement in β-Cell Function in Older Men

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2704-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Utzschneider ◽  
Darcy B. Carr ◽  
Suzanne M. Barsness ◽  
Steven E. Kahn ◽  
Robert S. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Older Subjects

Abstract Although weight loss in older subjects has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, it is unclear what effect this lifestyle intervention has on β-cell function. To determine whether diet-induced weight loss can improve β-cell function in older subjects, we studied 19 healthy male subjects (age, 65.4 ± 0.9 yr; body mass index, 30.9 ± 0.6 kg/m2; mean ± sem) before and after a 3-month 1200-kcal/d diet. The insulin sensitivity index (SI) was quantified using Bergman’s minimal model. The acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and the maximal glucose-potentiated insulin response (AIRmax) were determined and then adjusted for SI (SI × AIRg and SI × AIRmax), thus providing measures of β-cell function. Subjects demonstrated significant weight loss (95.6 ± 2.4 to 86.1 ± 2.5 kg; P < 0.001). Both fasting plasma glucose [97.3 ± 1.6 to 95.1 ± 1.3 mg/dl (5.4 ± 0.09 to 5.3 ± 0.07 mm); P = 0.05] and insulin [18.5 ± 1.3 to 12.2 ± 1.0 μU/ml (110.9 ± 7.7 to 73.5 ± 5.9 pm); P < 0.001] levels decreased. With weight loss, SI increased [1.59 ± 0.24 to 2.49 ± 0.32 × 10−4 min−1/(μU/ml) (2.65 ± 0.4 to 4.15 ± 0.5 × 10−5 min−1/pm); P < 0.001], whereas both AIRg [63.4 ± 13.4 to 51.0 ± 10.7 μU/ml (380 ± 80 to 306 ± 64 pm); P < 0.05] and AIRmax [314 ± 31.4 to 259.9 ± 33.4 μU/ml (1886 ± 188 to 1560 ± 200 pm); P < 0.05] decreased. Overall β-cell function improved (SI × AIRg, 9.63 ± 2.28 to 12.78 ± 2.58 × 10−3 min−1, P < 0.05; and SI × AIRmax, 51.01 ± 9.2 to 72.69 ± 13.4 × 10−3 min−1, P < 0.05). Thus, the weight loss-associated improvements in both insulin sensitivity and β-cell function may explain the beneficial effects of a lifestyle intervention on delaying the development of diabetes in older subjects.

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