Origin of migrating myoelectric complex in sheep.

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (6) ◽  
pp. E483
Author(s):  
Y Ruckebusch ◽  
L Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Duodenal Bulb ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Migrating Myoelectric Complex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conscious Sheep ◽  
Spike Bursts

The electrical activity of the gastroduodenal junction was recorded in conscious sheep for 8 to 12 wk with chronically implanted electrodes. The flow of digesta was simultaneously recorded, and the duodenal bulb was isolated at the time of implantation. The mean slow-wave frequency of the antrum was 5.6 +/- 0.3/min with spike bursts randomly superimposed on about 60% of the slow waves. The activity of the duodenal bulb was characterized by an absence of slow-wave unpropagated spike bursts and by two types of propagated spike bursts. The first consisted of isolated bursts accompanied by a rapid movement of digesta through the entire duodenum and proximal jejunum. The second, an irregular series of 8-12 spike bursts was associated with total evacuation of the duodenal bulb, followed in turn by an inhibition of antral spiking activity and the development of a migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in the distal duodenum. The results indicate that in sheep organization of the MMC is located at the duodenal level where the duodenal bulb has a reservoir function.

Migrating spike complex in the small intestine of the fasting cat

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. G619-G627
Author(s):  
W. C. De Vos
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Implanted Electrodes

This study characterizes the migrating spike complex (MSC) in the small intestine of the awake fasting cat and compares the MSC with interdigestive activity in the small intestine of other species. Electrical activity in each of 12 cats with implanted electrodes showed MSCs, bands of spike potentials which attenuated slow-wave frequency and amplitude as the MSCs progressed distally. MSCs occurred at variable frequency with intervals ranging from < 1 min to > 5 h and averaged 51.2 +/- 2.8 (SE) min. MSCs migrated at 1-8 mm/s, accelerating distally; the duration decreased distally such that the length of the bowel in a burst (2-3 cm proximally) was conserved. The MSC was associated with an intense prolonged contraction of duration similar to that of the MSC. Sometimes the MSCs occurred in close association, and when an MSC period was < 5.7 min, the second MSC propagated at a slower rate than the first. Frequently, a brief series of slow wave-associated spikes preceded an MSC. MSCs were not associated with slow waves. The MSC differs in several respects from the migrating myoelectric complex of other laboratory animals and is more appropriately classified in a category that includes giant migrating spikes, prolonged propagated contractions, power contractions, and migrating action potential complexes.

A slow wave frequency complex of the canine small intestine during the fasting state

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pousse ◽  
C. Mendel ◽  
M. Aprahamian ◽  
J. Kachelhoffer ◽  
G. Balboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
Progressive Return ◽  
Silver Electrodes ◽  
Electromyographic Signal ◽  
The Mean

The electrical activity of the duodenum and proximal jejunum was studied in conscious healthy dogs implanted with unipolar silver electrodes. A computerized method was used for the calculation of the mean frequency of the slow wave for each consecutive minute of the electromyographic signal. A "slow wave frequency complex" was identified in the fasted animals. It was characterized by an increase of the mean frequency of the slow wave which ranged, from one dog to another, between 1 and 3 cycles/min. The complex lasted about 30 min. It consisted of two distinct phases: a phase of increasing frequency of the slow wave which lasted about one-third of the total duration of the complex and a phase of progressive return of the frequency to its precomplex value. Each phase III of the migrating myoelectric complex occurring in both the duodenum and the jejunum was associated with one slow wave frequency complex. The phase III began a few minutes before the start of the slow wave frequency complex and ended a few minutes before the slow wave frequency reached its maximum. Ectopic phase III which occurred in the jejunum but not in the duodenum were not associated with slow wave frequency complexes. The slow wave frequency complex was never seen in the fed dogs.

Relation between slow-wave frequency and spiking activity during the migrating myoelectric complex in dogs

1992 ◽  
Vol 421 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Janssens ◽  
H. Vandenbogaerde ◽  
Ph. Caenepeel ◽  
J. Janssens ◽  
G. Vantrappen
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Migrating Myoelectric Complex ◽  
Spiking Activity

Metabolic dependence of the electromyogram of the cat colon

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. G173-G176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Anuras ◽  
S. M. Chien ◽  
J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Metabolic Dependence ◽  
Spike Bursts

Strips of colon muscle (1 x 10 cm) were exposed to alterations of temperature, to 2,4-dinitrophenol, and were deprived of O2. Cooling reduced slow-wave frequency in proximal colon from 5.2 at 37 degrees C to 3.9, 2.7, 1.2 and 0.5 cycle/min at 34, 30, 25, and 20 degrees C, respectively; all changes were significant (P < 0.05). Heating also reduced slow-wave frequency in proximal colon from 5.2 at 37 degrees C to 5.1, 4.8 (P < 0.05), and 3.3 (P < 0.05) cycle/min at 39, 41, and 43 degrees C, respectively. Hypoxia reduced slow-wave frequency from 4.6 at 95% O2 to 2.8 cycle/min at 0% O2 (P < 0.05). 2,4-Dinitrophenol (10(-4) M) reduced frequency from 5.3 to 2.7 cycle/min (P < 0.05). The results of studies of distal colon were similar. In distal colon cooling reduced the time occupied by migrating spike bursts from 20.7% at 37 degrees C to 11.1% at 25 degrees C, and 7.9% at 20 degrees C (P < 0.05). Hypoxia also reduced the time occupied by migrating spike bursts from 16.7% at 95% O2 to 5.9% at 0% O2 (P < 0.05).

Effect of secretin on electrical activity of small intestine

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Mukhopadhyay ◽  
LR Johnson ◽  
EM Copeland ◽  
NW Weisbrodt
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Total Percentage

The effect of intravenously administered secretin (0.5, 2.0, 6.0 U/kg-h) and intraduodenal acidification (13.2 meq/h HCl) on the electrical activity of the small bowel of three conscious dogs with gastric and duodenal cannulas was observed. Electrical activity was recorded in fasted as well as fed conditions through silver wire electrodes implanted along the entire length of the small bowel. Intravenous infusion of secretin in all dosages and in all dogs delayed the onset of the interdigestive myoelectric complex and reduced the total percentage of slow waves with superimposed spike potentials. Intraduodenal acidification also inhibited the interdigestive myoelectric complex, which developed incompletely with fewer action potentials on slow waves. Secretin did not produce any alteration in the fed pattern of activity, slow-wave frequency, or the caudal migration of the interdigestive myoelectric complex. The present study indicates that the nuerohumoral mechanisms responsible for initiation of the interdigestive myoelectric complex may be different from those responsible for its caudal migration.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Doses of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide and Cerulein on Antral Slow-Wave Frequency and Amplitude in Conscious Sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-501
Author(s):  
K. W. Romański
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Conscious Sheep

It is suspected that cholecystokinin (CCK) might affect antral slow-wave frequency and amplitude, but in sheep this problem is virtually unknown. Therefore the myoelectric activity was continuously recorded before and after intravenous administration of 0.15 M NaCl or CCK peptides in adult rams, equipped with platinum bipolar electrodes in the abomasal antrum, duodenum, and jejunum. CCK octapeptide (CCK-OP) was given to five rams at doses of 17.5, 175, or 1750 pmol/ kg and cerulein was administered to six rams at doses of 0.735, 7.35, or 73.5 pmol/kg of body weight. Each dose was infused to fasted or non-fasted animals for 30, 60, 120, or 300 s during phase 1, 2a or 2b (the less or more intense) of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). The 300-sec infusion of the moderate CCK-OP dose during the less intense or more intense phase 2b of the MMC increased the antral slow-wave amplitude from 79 ± 7 to 124 ± 26 μV (p < 0.01) and from 82 ± 8 to 175 ± 40 μV (p < 0.001), respectively. The 300-sec infusion of the highest CCK-OP dose under the same conditions increased antral slow-wave amplitude from 79 ± 6 to 121 ± 24 μV (p < 0.05) and from 84 ± 9 to 138 ± 27 μV (p < 0.01), respectively. Administration of the moderate dose of CCK for 120 s in the course of the less or more intense phase 2b of the MMC increased antral slow-wave frequency from 6.1 ± 0.2 to 6.6 ± 0.4 cpm (N.S.) and from 6.1 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 0.4 cpm (p < 0.05), respectively. Administration of the highest dose of CCK-OP for 120 s in the course of the less or more intense phase 2b of the MMC increased the antral slow-wave frequency from 6.2 ± 0.3 to 7.2 ± 0.4 (p < 0.05) and from 6.0 ± 0.3 to 7.8 ± 0.6 cpm (p < 0.001), respectively. It is concluded that CCK in physiological and putatively pharmacological doses can affect the slow-wave frequency and amplitude in sheep related in part to the small-intestinal MMC phase and the intensity of the antral motor activity.

Patterns of electrical activity in the digestive tract of the conscious cat

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Roche ◽  
Lionel Bueno ◽  
Monique Vagne ◽  
Christian Blourde
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Spike Bursts ◽  
Spiking Activity

1. Bipolar electrodes were permanently implanted on the gastric antrum, and on the different portions of the small intestine of each of eleven healthy adult cats receiving one meal daily. All parts of the feline gut exhibited, as in several other species, regular slow waves and alternate periods of quiescence and electrical spiking activity during the recording sessions lasting from 10 to 30 d.2. Patterns of electrical activity characteristic of this species were identified. Both the amplitude and frequency of the antral slow-wave were related to the presence cf superimposed spike bursts during fasting decrease in the antral slow-wave frequency and increase in the length of the duodenal plateau of slow waves after the daily meal were related to its nature.3. In fasted state, the electrical spiking activity of the small intestine occurred as fused spike bursts of large amplitude potentials migrating slowly over short distances only 24 h after feeding. They are interspersed with short periods of irregular spiking activity.4. These findings suggested that, except the distal part of the small intestine which showed an activity which resembled partially the migrating myoelectric complex observed in other species during the fasting state, the motility patterns of the digestive tract in the cat were not comparable to those observed in the dog or sheep. In the cat, mixing of the contents seemed to result from more or less regular spiking activity allowing their propulsion distally. The propagation over distances varying from 200 to 1000 mm of nine to eighteen daily fused spike bursts in the fasting state remains unclear but they are related to the digestive function in accordance with the displacement aborally of their origin in a prolonged fasting condition.

Minute rhythm of electrical spike bursts of the small intestine in different species

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. G654-G659 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fleckenstein ◽  
L. Bueno ◽  
J. Fioramonti ◽  
Y. Ruckebusch
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Period Duration ◽  
Spike Bursts

Electrical activity of propagating spike bursts recurring at minute intervals was recorded from the small intestine by chronically implanted electrodes in the rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, and pig. This "minute rhythm" has been recorded previously from the intact human small intestine. It occurs in the jejunum with a period duration of 0.5-2.0 min in all species examined. The minute rhythm was accompanied by pressure waves propagating over a short distance, and the activity was most prominent before the onset of phase III of the myoelectric complex. The minute rhythm was activated by the infusion of saline in the jejunum, and it may possibly reflect a normal mechanism for the transport of fluid content.

Variation of slow-wave frequency and locking during the migrating myoelectric complex in dogs

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. G1079-G1084
Author(s):  
P. Caenepeel ◽  
W. Janssens ◽  
A. Accarino ◽  
J. Janssens ◽  
G. Vantrappen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Spike Burst ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Migrating Myoelectric Complex ◽  
Spontaneous Phase

Slow waves determine rhythm and polarity of spike bursts. We measured the variation of slow-wave frequency (swf) and locking (swl) in the canine jejunum during the various phases of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and during induced phase III (erythromycin 125 micrograms/kg iv bolus or somatostatin 2.5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 iv infusion), blocked phase III (atropine 20 micrograms/kg iv bolus), and so-called stationary phase III activity (cisapride 150 micrograms/kg iv bolus). The EMG of 4 dogs, implanted with 10 bipolar electrodes, was recorded on a polygraph. Our results indicate that swf and swl change during the MMC from a stepwise swf gradient with slow waves locked in plateaus during phase I to a continuous swf gradient without or with significantly reduced phase locking during phase III. The length of the first swf plateau decreases significantly from 42 +/- 12 cm post Treitz during phase I to 11 +/- 4 cm during spontaneous phase III. Atropine block of phase III activity prevents phase unlocking and development of a continuous swf gradient. Our hypothesis is that phase unlocking may be one of the induction mechanisms of spike-burst activity.

Migrating myoelectric complex demonstrated in four avian species

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. G598-G603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Clench ◽  
V. M. Pineiro-Carrero ◽  
J. R. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Regular Spike ◽  
Migrating Myoelectric Complex ◽  
Interspecific Differences

The migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) is demonstrated in four avian species: three gallinaceous birds (Gallus, Phasianus, Coturnix) and an owl (Strix). The complex in birds is strikingly similar to the MMC that is known in mammalian species. It has the same basic pattern of quiescence, followed by a period of irregular spike activity, then a period of intense regular spike activity, and finally a return to quiescence. The frequency and duration of avian MMCs are similar to those of mammals, but the propagation velocity and slow-wave frequency are slower. Granivorous birds (Gallus, Phasianus) and carnivores (Strix) exhibit the same basic motility patterns whether in the fed or fasted states. Interspecific differences occur, however, in the details of frequency, propagation velocity, duration, and slow-wave frequency. The closely related galliforms (chickens, pheasants) are more similar to each other in MMC characteristics than either is to the more distantly related owls.

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