ACTH-elicited sodium appetite in sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. E45-E50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Weisinger ◽  
J. P. Coghlan ◽  
D. A. Denton ◽  
J. S. Fan ◽  
S. Hatzikostas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Sodium Appetite ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Acth Treatment ◽  
Long Acting

Intramuscular injections of long-acting synthetic ACTH (45 U twice daily for 5 days) caused a large increase in the intake of 0.5 M NaCl in sheep. Mean Na intake of the sheep on the last 3 days of treatment approximated 50% of their total extracellular fluid Na. The mineral appetite was specific for NaCl. Intakes of 0.5 M KCl or 0.25 M CaCl2 were not significantly altered. The enhanced appetite for Na induced by ACTH appeared to precede any increase in urinary Na excretion. ACTH treatment was ineffective in adrenalectomized sheep. However, an infusion into adrenalectomized sheep of a combination of adrenal steroid hormones (including aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, and corticosterone) that contrived blood levels similar to those, obtained with ACTH treatment in normal sheep did induce Na appetite. Thus, ACTH induces a specific, adrenal-steroid hormone-dependent Na appetite in sheep.

TeBG- and CBG-bound steroid hormones in rabbits are available for influx into uterus in vivo

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. E79-E83
Author(s):  
G. Chaudhuri ◽  
K. A. Steingold ◽  
W. M. Pardridge ◽  
H. L. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of gonadal or adrenal steroid hormones in rabbits often does not bear the expected inverse relationship with hormone binding to testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) or corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). This suggests TeBG or CBG may not impede steroid hormone delivery to tissues. The effects of rabbit plasma proteins on the influxes of 3H-labeled steroids from the circulation into the rabbit uterus were measured in vivo using a tissue sampling single-injection technique. In the absence of plasma proteins, estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were freely diffusible through the uterine microvasculature (i.e., extraction greater than 80%). The extractions of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and corticosterone (B) ranged from 60 to 72%, while that of cortisol (F) was reduced at 40%. Rabbit serum exerted no inhibition of the influxes of the steroids tested. The influxes of T and B greatly exceeded the rates that would be expected if only the free and albumin-bound fractions estimated in vitro were diffusible in vivo. However, the extraction of [3H]corticosteroid-binding globulin or bovine [3H]albumin were low, consistent with little, if any, extravascular uptake of the plasma proteins. The results indicate both albumin-bound and globulin-bound steroid hormone are available for transport into the uterus in the rabbit in vivo without significant exodus of the plasma protein, per se.

Influence of adrenal steroid hormones on sodium appetite of Balb/c mice

Appetite ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Blair-West ◽  
D.A. Denton ◽  
M. McBurnie ◽  
E. Tarjan ◽  
R.S. Weisinger
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Sodium Appetite

USE OF ADRENAL HORMONES IN TREATMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-961
Author(s):  
Alfred M. Bongiovanni ◽  
Walter R. Eberlein
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Water Accumulation

THE DISCUSSION of therapy with adrenal steroid hormones dealt with fundamental concepts of steroid metabolism and the application of these principles to the treatment of various important diseases of pediatric interest. This summary is limited to the basic concepts of therapy with steroids because a discussion of theory is considered likely to be of more lasting value than a temporary summing-up of clinical results. The human adrenal cortex secretes two main types of steroid hormones, the socalled mineralocorticoids and the glucocorticoids. The first is normally represented by aldosterone, the action of which is mimicked by the synthetic steroid, desoxycorticosterone. (DOCA stands for the acetate of desoxycorticosterone.) Aldosterone secretion appears to be regulated by changes in the volume of extracellular fluid of the body via an hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism. The actions of the mineralocorticoids are widespread but mainly concern the kidney and the sweat glands, leading to retention of sodium and, with it, of water in exchange for potassium. Deficiency of mineralocorticoid, as in Addison's disease, results in loss of sodium and water, accumulation of potassium, dehydration, hypotension, and ultimately renal failure and death. Hydrocortisone is the predominant glucocorticoid normally secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress or injection of adrenocorticotropin(ACTH). It appears that the concentration of hydrocortisone in the blood regulates the amount of ACTH secreted by the anterior pituitary; as it decreases, the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to release more ACTH in an effort to raise it; conversely, as the concentration increases, the hypothalamus inhibits pituitary release of ACTH and the adrenal cortex becomes inactive.

A COMPARISON OF PLASMA 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID LEVELS WITH THE URINARY EXCRETION OF 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS AND 17-KETOSTEROIDS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (IV) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Lingjoerde ◽  
Knut Kirkeby ◽  
Gunnar Hangård
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cortical Response ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Chronic Polyarthritis ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT Plasma 17-OHCS and urinary excretion of 17-KGS and 17-KS have been compared in 24 patients with chronic polyarthritis, who had been treated for years with corticosteroids. All medication was discontinued 3 days before this investigation. To test the adrenal cortical response the patients were given intramuscular injections of 40 IU of a long-acting ACTH preparation twice daily on 6 consecutive days. Plasma 17-OHCS were determined at 8 a. m. before the first ACTH injection and 3 hours after the injection on the first and sixth treatment days. The urinary concentration of 17-KGS and 17-KS were measured in 24 hour samples on the control day, and on the first and sixth days of treatment. The results show a greater variation in the 17-KS groups than in the 17-KGS and 17-OHCS groups, the smallest variation being in the 17-OHCS groups. There is a significant increase in all values after the first ACTH injection and a further significant increase after the sixth injection, but the t-values are much larger in the 17-OHCS groups than in the 17-KS groups, while the 17-KGS groups occupy an intermediate position. The plasma 17-OHCS values correlate better with the urinary 17-KGS than with the 17-KS. The correlation between 17-OHCS and 17-KGS is not very good (P > 0.05). There is a negative correlation between 17-OHCS and 17-KS control values, and the correlation after ACTH is very poor. 17-KGS correlate well with 17-KS (P < 0.01).

Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of four 28-day cycle intramuscular injections for risperidone-ISM 75 mg in patients with schizophrenia: A phase-2 randomized study (PRISMA-2)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s240-s241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Anta ◽  
J. Llaudó ◽  
I. Ayani ◽  
B. Gorostidi ◽  
M. Monreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Deltoid Muscle ◽  
Study Medication ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Active Moiety ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Long Acting

IntroductionRisperidone-ISM is a new long acting intramuscular formulation of risperidone, for monthly administration without oral supplementation.ObjectiveTo characterize the pharmacokinetic of risperidone over multiple intramuscular injections in patients with schizophrenia.MethodA multicenter, open label, two-arm, parallel design clinical trial was performed. Each patient received 4 intramuscular injections of 75 mg of risperidone-ISM in either, gluteal or deltoid muscle at 28-day intervals.ResultsA total of 70 patients were randomized, 67 received at least one dose of study medication. Preliminary data show that mean Cmax of the active moiety was achieved 24-48 hours (Tmax) after each administration and ranged over four consecutive doses from 39.6-53.2 ng/mL and 54.1-61 ng/mL, when given in gluteal or deltoid, respectively. All subjects achieved therapeutic levels (> 7.5 ng/mL for the active moiety) between 2-8 hours after drug administration. The mean concentrations were maintained above therapeutic levels throughout the 4-week dosing period. No significance changes across the study were observed, either on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale. Overall, 63 subjects (94%) experienced at least 1 Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) during the study. One serious TEAE (dystonia) was related to study treatment. One death not related to study medication was informed. The most frequently reported TEAEs were hyperprolactinaemia (57.7%) and injection site pain (32.8%).ConclusionsRisperidone-ISM achieved therapeutic levels from the first hours after drug administration and provided a sustained release throughout the 4-weeks dosing period over multiple intramuscular injections independently of the injection site. Risperidone-ISM was found to be safe and well tolerated.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The dare gene: steroid hormone production, olfactory behavior, and neural degeneration in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (20) ◽  
pp. 4591-4602 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Freeman ◽  
A. Dobritsa ◽  
P. Gaines ◽  
W.A. Segraves ◽  
J.R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Ring Gland ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Steroid Hormone Signaling ◽  
Adrenodoxin Reductase ◽  
Strength Result

Steroid hormones mediate a wide variety of developmental and physiological events in insects, yet little is known about the genetics of insect steroid hormone biosynthesis. Here we describe the Drosophila dare gene, which encodes adrenodoxin reductase (AR). In mammals, AR plays a key role in the synthesis of all steroid hormones. Null mutants of dare undergo developmental arrest during the second larval instar or at the second larval molt, and dare mutants of intermediate severity are delayed in pupariation. These defects are rescued to a high degree by feeding mutant larvae the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. These data, together with the abundant expression of dare in the two principal steroid biosynthetic tissues, the ring gland and the ovary, argue strongly for a role of dare in steroid hormone production. dare is the first Drosophila gene shown to encode a defined component of the steroid hormone biosynthetic cascade and therefore provides a new tool for the analysis of steroid hormone function. We have explored its role in the adult nervous system and found two striking phenotypes not previously described in mutants affected in steroid hormone signaling. First, we show that mild reductions of dare expression cause abnormal behavioral responses to olfactory stimuli, indicating a requirement for dare in sensory behavior. Then we show that dare mutations of intermediate strength result in rapid, widespread degeneration of the adult nervous system.

scholarly journals Induction of dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase in blowfly integument by ecdysone. A demonstration of synthesis of the enzyme de novo

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Fragoulis ◽  
C E Sekeris
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Dopa Decarboxylase ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Labelling Technique ◽  
Immune Precipitation ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Stimulation Of

The activity of the enzyme dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase, present in the epidermis cells of blowfly larvae, increases during the late third instar under the influence of the steroid hormone, ecdysone. By using the double-labelling technique and immune precipitation with univalent antibody to dopa decarboxylase, we demonstrated that the increase in enzyme activity was due to a stimulation of synthesis of enzyme molecules de novo. In this respect, the action of ecdysone is similar to the action of other steroid hormones.

scholarly journals Are sexual desire and sociosexual orientation related to men’s salivary steroid hormones?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Stern ◽  
Konstantina Karastoyanova ◽  
Michal Kandrik ◽  
Jaimie Stephen Torrance ◽  
Amanda Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociosexual Orientation ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Adult Men

Objective: Although it is widely assumed that men’s sexual desire and interest in casual sex (i.e., sociosexual orientation) are linked to steroid hormone levels, evidence for such associations is mixed. Methods: We tested for both longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between salivary testosterone, cortisol, reported sexual desire and sociosexuality in a sample of 61 young adult men, each of whom was tested weekly on up to five occasions. Results: Longitudinal analyses showed no clear relationships between steroid hormones and self-reported sexual desire or sociosexual orientation. Cross-sectional analyses showed no significant associations between average hormone levels and self-reported sexual desire. However, some aspects of sociosexuality, most notably desire for casual sex, were related to men’s average hormone levels. Men with higher average testosterone reported greater desire for casual sex, but only if they also had relatively low average cortisol levels. Conclusions: Our results support a Dual Hormone account of men’s sociosexuality, in which the combined effects of testosterone and cortisol predict the extent of men’s interest in casual sex. However, we did not detect compelling evidence for an association of within-subject hormone shifts and sexual desire or sociosexual orientation.

THE BURSA OF FABRICIUS AND ADRENAL ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION FOLLOWING ACTH INJECTIONS IN CHICKS

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PEREK ◽  
A. EILAT
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Acth Treatment ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Long Acting

SUMMARY Injections of both fast- and long-acting adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were followed by depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid (AA) in 3-week- and 6-week-old chicks when the bursa of Fabricius had been removed. The speed of depletion was similar to that known in mammals. Intact birds did not respond in this respect to ACTH treatment. A marked involution of the bursa of Fabricius occurred in chicks treated with prolonged-acting ACTH. A depletion of the total AA content of the bursa was noted, without any significant change in its concentration in the tissue of the gland. The results of the experiments indicate that the bursa of Fabricius is involved in preventing the release of adrenal AA after ACTH treatment.

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