THE BURSA OF FABRICIUS AND ADRENAL ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION FOLLOWING ACTH INJECTIONS IN CHICKS

SUMMARY Injections of both fast- and long-acting adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were followed by depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid (AA) in 3-week- and 6-week-old chicks when the bursa of Fabricius had been removed. The speed of depletion was similar to that known in mammals. Intact birds did not respond in this respect to ACTH treatment. A marked involution of the bursa of Fabricius occurred in chicks treated with prolonged-acting ACTH. A depletion of the total AA content of the bursa was noted, without any significant change in its concentration in the tissue of the gland. The results of the experiments indicate that the bursa of Fabricius is involved in preventing the release of adrenal AA after ACTH treatment.

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Epidermal growth factor inhibits transcription of type I collagen genes and production of type I collagen in cultured human skin fibroblasts in the presence and absence of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, a long-acting vitamin C derivative

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)92918-2 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 266 (15) ◽

pp. 9997-10003

Author(s):

S. Kurata ◽

R. Hata

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Type I ◽

Human Skin Fibroblasts ◽

Epidermal Growth ◽

Long Acting ◽

Collagen Genes

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Effect of Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator on Serum Concentration of Luteinizing Hormone in the Rat

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0480231 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 231-233

Author(s):

P. Dandona ◽

D. J. El Kabir ◽

F. Naftolin ◽

P. C. B. MacKinnon

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Serum Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Serum Lh ◽

Long Acting ◽

Dexamethasone Suppression

1. The effect of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) on the serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of the rat in pro-oestrus has been studied. 2. The injection of three out of four LATS-containing immunoglobulin G fractions caused an increase in amounts of serum LH. 3. Adrenalectomy and dexamethasone suppression did not alter this response. 4. Injection of large doses of adrenocorticotrophic hormone did not produce any increase in serum concentrations of LH. 5. It is postulated that LATS may have a direct effect on the release of LH from the pituitary gland.

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The Cytosome of differentiating Cells in the Ovotestes of Slugs

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s3-92.20.453 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol s3-92 (20) ◽

pp. 453-461

Author(s):

D. PELLUET ◽

ANNE H. G. WATTS

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Positive Reaction ◽

Positive Test ◽

Germinal Epithelium ◽

Nurse Cells ◽

Significant Change ◽

Epithelium Cells ◽

Mature Spermatozoa

The distribution of ascorbic acid, alkaline phosphatase, and mitochondria has been followed during the differentiation of germinal epithelium cells into spermatogonia, oocytes, and nurse-cells in the ovotestes of slugs. All three substances appear in the cytoplasm of the oocyte and increase during its growth. Occasionally the oocyte nucleolus gives a positive test for ascorbic acid. The heads of the mature spermatozoa contain alkaline phosphatase. The cytoplasm of the germinal epithelium, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes occasionally gives a positive reaction for ascorbic acid. The development of the nurse-cells is accompanied by an increase in the size of the mitochondria. Attachment of the spermatids results in a decrease in size and number of the mitochondria in the nurse-cells. Alkaline phosphatase, ascorbic acid, and mitochondria show no significant change, either in form or quantity, in the indifferent cells of the ovotestis by which one could predict their destiny.

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ACTH-elicited sodium appetite in sheep

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1980.239.1.e45 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 239 (1) ◽

pp. E45-E50 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. S. Weisinger ◽

J. P. Coghlan ◽

D. A. Denton ◽

J. S. Fan ◽

S. Hatzikostas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormones ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Adrenal Steroid ◽

Sodium Appetite ◽

Intramuscular Injections ◽

Acth Treatment ◽

Long Acting

Intramuscular injections of long-acting synthetic ACTH (45 U twice daily for 5 days) caused a large increase in the intake of 0.5 M NaCl in sheep. Mean Na intake of the sheep on the last 3 days of treatment approximated 50% of their total extracellular fluid Na. The mineral appetite was specific for NaCl. Intakes of 0.5 M KCl or 0.25 M CaCl2 were not significantly altered. The enhanced appetite for Na induced by ACTH appeared to precede any increase in urinary Na excretion. ACTH treatment was ineffective in adrenalectomized sheep. However, an infusion into adrenalectomized sheep of a combination of adrenal steroid hormones (including aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, and corticosterone) that contrived blood levels similar to those, obtained with ACTH treatment in normal sheep did induce Na appetite. Thus, ACTH induces a specific, adrenal-steroid hormone-dependent Na appetite in sheep.

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Failure of adrenergic and cholinergic blocking agents to block ovulation in the rat

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1961.200.6.1293 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 200 (6) ◽

pp. 1293-1295 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ward W. Moore

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Critical Period ◽

Chronic Treatment ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Blocking Agents ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Lh Release

Mature Sprague-Dawley rats were used in a study of the mode of action of Dibenamine (30 mg/kg), Dibenzyline (10 mg/kg), and Pathilon (35 mg/kg) blockade of spontaneous ovulation-inducing hormone (LH) release. All three agents effectively blocked the release of LH if administered subcutaneously prior to the "critical period" on the day of proestrus (1:00 pm), but each failed to block the release of LH if administered at 5:00 pm on the day of proestrus. When each drug was administered daily at 5:00 pm, vaginal cycles were interrupted but returned to normal after 12–16 days' treatment. After such chronic treatment the animals were then treated with the drug at either 1:00 pm or 5:00 pm on the day of proestrus. A minimum of 80% of the animals released LH and ovulated normally in all six groups. Studies using adrenal ascorbic acid depletion indicate that the animals "adapt" to each drug within 9 days' treatment, and each drug retains its specific blocking properties. The results indicate that the drugs prevent LH release indirectly and not through their respective blocking properties. The findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between the release of LH in amounts which induce ovulation and the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) following adequate stimulation.

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THE RATE OF DISCHARGE OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE AS DETERMINED BY TIMED HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN THE RAT

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o57-108 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 35 (11) ◽

pp. 929-933 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. N. H. Long ◽

M. F. M. Bonnycastle

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽

Acth Secretion ◽

Pituitary Fossa ◽

Unilateral Adrenalectomy ◽

Humoral Mechanism ◽

Second Period ◽

Secretory Pattern

The pattern of secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has been studied by opening the pituitary fossa of rats 36 hours before unilateral adrenalectomy. At selected intervals afterwards, the pituitary gland was removed and the effect on the fall in the ascorbic acid content of the remaining adrenal gland was determined. It was found that ACTH discharge is initiated with great rapidity and that the secretory pattern is a biphasic one. The first phase continues for about 5 minutes and then declines. It is succeeded by a second period of secretion that is much more prolonged. It is suggested that these results support the view that both a neural or neural–humoral and a purely humoral mechanism participate in the regulation of ACTH secretion.

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Effects of ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, a long-acting vitamin C derivative, on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells

Cell Biology International ◽

10.1016/j.cellbi.2004.01.010 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 255-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

S Takamizawa

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Human Osteoblast ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Long Acting

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ON THE MECHANISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND RESPONSE TO ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0500055 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. Staehelin ◽

P. Barthe ◽

P. A. Desaulles

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Acid Output ◽

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽

Considerable Time ◽

Corticosterone Secretion ◽

Metabolic Block ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The adrenal gland response to natural or synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone was studied at various periods after hypophysectomy. Adrenal ascorbic acid depletion was observed following the administration of ACTH at all intervals up to 10 days. In contrast, the capacity to respond to ACTH by an increase in corticosterone secretion was rapidly lost. Experiments with rat adrenal slices in vitro showed that the capacity to form corticosteroids following the addition of ACTH or 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP is rapidly lost after hypophysectomy, but that the adrenal slices are still capable of producing corticosterone if NADP and glucose-6-phosphate are added to the medium. It is concluded that the adrenal gland is still capable of responding to the action of ACTH for a considerable time after hypophysectomy, but that due to a metabolic block prior to the formation of NADPH, the adrenal is no longer capable of reacting by a further increase in corticosterone production. In addition, it was found that the effects of ACTH on blood flow and ascorbic acid output were parallel. Both effects were dose-dependent, but independent of any concomitant corticosterone secretion, and persisted during the whole period studied after hypophysectomy.

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