Metabolic adaptation to reduced muscle blood flow. I. Enzyme and metabolite alterations

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. E63-E69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elander ◽  
J. P. Idstrom ◽  
T. Schersten ◽  
A. C. Bylund-Fellenius
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Common Iliac Artery ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

A rat model was developed in which the adaptive effects of exposing skeletal muscle tissue to a reduced blood flow during muscle contractions could be studied. The common iliac artery was ligated in one hindlimb, using the other as control. This procedure reduced the exercise blood flow to the individual muscles of the lower limb by 76-93%, evaluated with the microsphere technique. Muscle contractions were induced by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerves in both legs. After intermittent stimulation for 6 days, a significant increase in citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities was found in the soleus (26%) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL, 20%) muscles of the ligated legs compared with the control legs. Resting metabolite concentrations were also measured, and a reduction of the ATP level (soleus 35%, EDL 14%) and an increased glycogen content (55-71%) were found. These results demonstrate that a reduced blood flow during muscle contractions provokes an adaptive increase of the oxidative enzyme capacity as well as altered resting levels of intracellular metabolites.

Fetal Growth and Insulin Resistance in Adult Life: Role of Skeletal Muscle Morphology

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Thompson ◽  
A. L. Sanderson ◽  
D. Sandeman ◽  
C. Stein ◽  
A. Borthwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Muscle Histology

1. Thinness at birth is associated with insulin resistance in adult life and an apparent delay in activation of glycolysis/glycogenolysis in exercising skeletal muscle. As developmental abnormalities of skeletal muscle histology or metabolism may explain this association we examined muscle histology, biochemistry and blood flow in a group of 27 adult women whose birth details were known. 2. Subjects were examined by near-infrared spectroscopy to determine forearm muscle oxygen supply, and by muscle biopsy and forearm plethysmography. Those with a ponderal index at birth < 23 kg/m3 were insulin resistant (assessed by the short insulin-tolerance test — mean rate constants for glucose disappearance = 4.14 compared with 4.83%/min, P = 0.045) and had significantly more rapid muscle reoxygenation than the remainder of the subjects (13 compared with 22 s, P = 0.004). 3. Thinness at birth did not influence muscle capillary density, muscle glycogen content, glycogen synthase activity, citrate synthase activity or resting forearm blood flow. 4. Insulin resistance seen after fetal malnutrition was not associated with abnormal muscle histology, resting muscle blood flow, mitochondrial volume or glycogen content. 5. The increase in muscle reoxygenation rate in adult subjects who were thin at birth could occur to promote oxidative ATP synthesis in compensation for the delay in activation of glycolysis/glycogenolysis. It suggests altered regulation rather than structure of the muscle microcirculation. These changes appear to antedate the structural and biochemical changes seen in muscle from patients with established diabetes.

Blood flow response of human calf muscles to static contractions at various percentages of MVC

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Flow Response ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Static Contractions ◽  
Male Subjects

Six male subjects within the age range of 20–35 yr consented to perform static calf muscle contractions at 7.5, 15, and 30% of their maximum voluntary contractile strength (MVC) for a period of 2 min each. Isometric contractions were performed in a sitting position by pressing the knee against a solid support plate via plantar flexion. Calf muscle blood flow (BF) was measured periodically before, during, and after each contraction by a Whitney gauge. Average resting BF was 3.9 ml . min-1 . 100 ml-1 of calf volume. During the 7.5, 15, and 30% MVC contractions, BF increased to steady-state levels of 7.2, 7.9, and 5.3 ml . min-1 . 100 ml-1, respectively. The values for 7.5 and 15% MVC were significantly higher than resting BF (P less than or equal to 0.05). The postcontraction hyperemia, measured as the area under the postcontraction BF curve, averaged 4.4, 10.1, and 23.2 ml/100 ml, respectively, for the 7.5, 15, and 30% MVC efforts. Comparison of these values with corresponding hyperemic volumes during contraction showed that the portions of the total BF response that occurred in the postcontraction periods were 41, 57, and 88%, respectively, for the 7.5, 15, and 30% efforts. These results demonstrate that during static calf muscle contractions BF increases by only a modest amount, and at even small forces of contraction a sizable portion of the total flow response occurs in the postcontraction period.

Muscle blood flow during exercise in sedentary and trained hypothyroid rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (6) ◽  
pp. H1949-H1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McAllister ◽  
M. D. Delp ◽  
K. A. Thayer ◽  
M. H. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Vastus Intermedius

Hypothyroidism is characterized by exercise intolerance. We hypothesized that active muscle blood flow during in vivo exercise is inadequate in the hypothyroid state. Additionally, we hypothesized that endurance exercise training would restore normal blood flow during acute exercise. To test these hypotheses, rats were made hypothyroid (Hypo) over 3-4 mo with propylthiouracil. A subset of Hypo rats was trained (THypo) on a treadmill at 30 m/min (15% grade) for 60 min/day 5 days/wk over 10-15 wk. Hypothyroidism was evidenced by approximately 80% reductions in plasma triiodothyronine levels in Hypo and THypo and by 40-50% reductions in citrate synthase activities in high oxidative muscles in Hypo compared with euthyroid (Eut) rats. Training efficacy was indicated by increased (25-100%) citrate synthase activities in muscles of THypo vs. Hypo. Regional blood flows were determined by the radiolabeled microsphere method before exercise and at 1-2 min of treadmill running at 15 m/min (0% grade). Preexercise muscle blood flows were generally similar among groups. During exercise, however, flows were lower in Hypo than in Eut for high oxidative muscles such as the red section of vastus lateralis [277 +/- 24 and 153 +/- 13 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1 for Eut and Hypo, respectively; P < 0.01] and vastus intermedius (317 +/- 32 and 187 +/- 20 ml.min-1.100 g-1 for Eut and Hypo, respectively; P < 0.01) muscles. Training (THypo) did not normalize these flows (168 +/- 24 and 181 +/- 24 ml.min-1.100 g-1 for red section of vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles, respectively). Blood flows to low oxidative muscle, such as the white section of vastus lateralis muscle, were similar among groups (21 +/- 5, 25 +/- 4, and 34 +/- 7 ml.min-1.100 g-1 for Eut, Hypo, and THypo, respectively; P = NS). These findings indicate that hypothyroidism is associated with reduced blood flow to skeletal muscle during exercise, suggesting that impaired delivery of nutrients to and/or removal of metabolites from skeletal muscle contributes to the poor exercise tolerance characteristic of hypothyroidism.

Vasodilation in skeletal muscle

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Jones ◽  
Robert M. Berne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Epinephrine Administration ◽  
Pressure Elevation ◽  
Blood Flow Increase ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

Blood flow was studied in dog hind-limb muscle isolated except for femoral and sciatic nerves. At constant perfusion pressure, elevation of aortic pressure produced by blood transfusion or intravenous epinephrine administration elicited a three- to fourfold increase in blood flow in perfused muscle. The blood flow increase evoked by epinephrine could be prevented by maintaining aortic pressure at control levels by means of a pressure compensator. Carotid artery occlusion had little effect on muscle blood flow whereas release of carotid occlusion produced marked increases. Cold or procaine block of the femoral or sciatic nerves resulted in little change in blood flow, whereas nerve section distal to the block produced large transient increases in flow. It is concluded that muscle blood flow increase after aortic pressure elevation is the result of active vasodilation and that increase in muscle blood flow after nerve section is due to stimulation of vasodilator fibers or direct stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by pressure changes produced by the twitch contraction associated with nerve section.

scholarly journals The impact of the artery geometry with the sewn surgical patch on the blood flow disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Natalia Lewandowska ◽  
Michal Cialkowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Polynomial Function ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Patch Length

The research concerns the development of geometric variants of patches sewn into the common carotid artery during surgery of the atherosclerotic plaques removal. Based on analytical methods, thegeometry of the patch described by the polynomial function has been developed. The simulations of blood flow in the arteries with the sewn patch were performed. The study included the influence of the patient’s diameter and the width of the chosen patch on blood flow disorders. The result of the research is the algorithm of selecting the geometry of the arterial patch to the individual geometrical featuresof the patient’s artery. The studies result will comprise the development of software, which, upon introduction of input data related to arterial geometry, patch length and patient’s blood parameters (affecting the fluid density and viscosity), shall generate an accurate contour of the patch of width causing no flow disorders.

CK and LD isozymes in human single muscle fibers in trained athletes

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2717-2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Apple ◽  
P. A. Tesch
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Individual

Individual human muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis were isolated from age-matched endurance-trained and strength-trained athletes and untrained controls. Slow- (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) fibers were assayed for total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, total lactate dehydrogenase (LD), the LD isozyme that predominates in the heart muscle of most vertebrates (LD1), and citrate synthase (CS). Regardless of training of the athletes, both CK-MB and CS were higher in ST than in FT fibers. Also, irrespective of fiber type, CK-MB and CS were greatest in the endurance-trained group. A positive correlation existed between CK-MB and CS, relating oxidative capacity of individual fibers with CK-MB. Total CK varied little among the fiber types, trained groups, or controls. Total LD in FT fibers was greater than in ST fibers in all groups, with only ST fibers from the endurance-trained group containing substantial amounts of LD1. These findings suggest that specific training, endurance exercise, causes a favorable metabolic adaptation of CK and LD isozymes at the individual fiber level, allowing for the muscle to cope with increased energy demands during prolonged exercise.

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