Impact of body fat mass and percent fat on metabolic rate and thermogenesis in men

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. E573-E579 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Segal ◽  
I. Lacayanga ◽  
A. Dunaif ◽  
B. Gutin ◽  
F. X. Pi-Sunyer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Group A ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect

To clarify further the independent relationships of body composition parameters to energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and postprandial thermogenesis were studied in four groups who were matched for absolute fat mass (study 1) and relative fatness (study 2). In study 1, five lean [group A, 15.4 +/- 0.6% (+/- SE) body fat] and five obese men (group B, 25.0 +/- 0.9% fat) were matched on body fat mass (13.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 14.4 +/- 0.8 kg, respectively). Fat-free mass (FFM) and total weight were greater for group A than B. RMR was measured for 3 h in the fasted state and after a 720-kcal mixed meal. RMR was greater for group A than B (1.38 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.14 +/- 0.04 kcal/min, P less than 0.05). The thermic effect of food, calculated as 3 h postprandial minus fasting RMR, was greater for group A than B (65 +/- 6 vs. 23 +/- 9 kcal/3 h; P less than 0.05). In study 2, two groups (n = 6 men/group) were matched for percent body fat (33 +/- 1% fat for both) but differed in lean, fat, and total weights: 50.8 +/- 3.1 kg FFM for the lighter (group C) vs. 68.0 +/- 2.8 kg FFM for the heavier (group D) group, P less than 0.05. RMR was lower for group C than D (1.17 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.33 +/- 0.04 kcal/min, P less than 0.05), but the thermic effect of food was not significantly different (31 +/- 3 vs. 20 +/- 6 kcal/3 h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Energy Conservation in Amenorrheic Ballet Dancers

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Beth Glace ◽  
Ian Kremenic ◽  
Marijeanne Liederbach
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect

Ballet dancers may be at risk of eating disorders, and women with eating disorders are at increased risk for menstrual dysfunction. Caloric intakes of amenorrheic dancers have been reported to be less than those of eumenorrheic dancers, indicating a possible conservation of energy. We evaluated resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food following ingestion of a 500-kcal liquid supplement in 8 amenorrheic dancers and 10 eumenorrheic dancers. Body fat was higher for the eumenorrheic group (20%) than the amenorrheic group (15%). Resting metabolic rate did not differ between groups when corrected for body mass (24.2 ± 1.1 kcal/kg/day for amennorheic dancers vs. 25.0 ± 0.9 kcal/kg/day for eumennorheic dancers), nor did resting metabolic rate differ when adjusted for lean mass. However, amennorheic dancers expended significantly less energy post-prandially once adjusted for lean mass (ANOVA, effect of group p = 0.035). Dancers were asked to complete the Eating Disorder Inventory, a self-report scale that measures symptoms of disordered eating; 9 of 10 eumennorheic but only 4 of 8 amennorheic women were willing to complete the questionnaire. Eumennorheic dancers had profiles similar to or less pathologic than those of non-eating-disordered populations. Greater dissatisfaction was expressed by eumennorheic women as body fat increased. Contrary to the findings in previous studies, amennorheic ballet dancers did not exhibit energy conservation via reductions in resting metabolic rate but did expend slightly less energy in thermic effect of food compared to normally menstruating women.

scholarly journals Circadian rhythms in resting metabolic rate account for apparent daily rhythms in thermic effect of food

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie C Ruddick-Collins ◽  
Alan Flanagan ◽  
Jonathan D Johnston ◽  
Peter J Morgan ◽  
Alexandra M Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect

Abstract Context Daily variation in thermic effect of food (TEF) is commonly reported and proposed as a contributing factor to weight gain with late eating. However underlying circadian variability in resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an overlooked factor when calculating TEF associated with eating at different times of the day. Objective To determine whether methodological approaches to calculating TEF contribute to the reported phenomena of daily variation in TEF. Design, Setting and Participants: Fourteen overweight to obese but otherwise healthy subjects, had their resting and postprandial energy expenditure measured over 15.5 hours at a clinical research unit. TEF was calculated for breakfast, lunch and dinner using standard methods (above a baseline and premeal RMR measure) and compared to a method incorporating a circadian RMR where RMR was derived from a sinusoid curve model and TEF was calculated over and above the continuously changing RMR. Main Outcome measures TEF at breakfast, lunch and dinner calculated with different methods. Results Standard methods of calculating TEF above a premeal measured RMR showed that morning TEF [60.8kcal ± 5.6] (mean ± SEM) was 1.6 times greater than TEF at lunch [36.3kcal ± 8.4], and 2.4 times greater than dinner TEF [25.2kcal ± 9.6] (p=0.022). However, adjusting for modelled circadian RMR nullified any differences between breakfast [54.1kcal ± 30.8], lunch [49.5kcal ± 29.4], and dinner [49.1kcal ± 25.7] (p=0.680). Conclusions Differences in TEF between morning and evening can be explained by underlying circadian resting energy expenditure, which is independent of an acute effect of eating.

Effect of age and aerobic capacity on resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food in healthy men

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne F. Nichols ◽  
Sheri E. Leiter ◽  
Larry S. Verity ◽  
Pamela L. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Thermic Effect

scholarly journals No major differences in energy metabolism between matched and unmatched groups of ‘large-eating’ and ‘small-eating’ men

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas Clark ◽  
Frank Tomas ◽  
Robert T. Withers ◽  
Sally D. Neville ◽  
Stephen R. Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect

Rates of energy expenditure (J/kg fat-free mass (FFM) per min) in normal weight, ‘small-eating’ men were compared with those obtained for normal weight (n 8) and underweight (n 5) ‘large-eating’ men. For the matched groups of ‘large-’ and ‘small-eaters’ there were no differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurements but during controlled daily activities there was a small but significant increase (P < 0.05) in energy expenditure in the ‘large-eaters’. These results contrast with those obtained for the unmatched groups where energy requirements were about 10 % (P < 0.01) higher in the underweight ‘large-eaters’ at rest but were not different during the more energetic (walking) activities. However, after adjustment for differences in FFM between these two groups, the resting energy expenditures of the ‘large-eaters’ (82·54 (SE 1·51) J/kg FFM per min) were similar to those of the ‘small-eaters’ (81·87 (SE 1·51) J/kg FFM per min). Oral temperatures were significantly higher in the matched (0·35–0·65°) and unmatched (0·7–0·9°) ‘large-eaters’ both at rest and during the different activities, but the thermic effect of food (50 kJ/kg FFM) was one fifth lower (not significant) in both groups of ‘large-eaters’. These results provide little evidence for any major metabolic differences between groups of ‘large-eating’ and ‘small-eating’ men.

Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A Vera ◽  
Mary McConville ◽  
Michael Kyba ◽  
Manda L. Keller-Ross
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass

Determine whether resting metabolic rate (RMR) is altered in adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Eleven people with FSHD (51±12yrs, 2 females) and eleven controls (48±14yrs, 2 females) completed one visit, including 30-minutes of indirect calorimetry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. RMR was calculated from resting oxygen consumption/carbon dioxide production; regional/whole-body fat mass and lean mass were collected from the DXA scan. Absolute RMR was 15% lower in FSHD (p=0.04); when normalized to regional/local lean mass, no differences in RMR were observed (p>0.05). Absolute RMR was correlated with total lean mass for all participants combined (p<0.01, r=0.70, males only: p<0.01, r=0.81) and when analyzed separately (FSHD males: p=0.001, r=0.92 and control males: p=0.004, r=0.85). Whole-body lean mass was 16% lower in FSHD and leg, arm and appendicular lean mass were lower in FSHD (p<0.05 for all), though trunk lean mass was not (p=0.15). Whole-body fat mass was 45% higher in FSHD, with greater leg fat mass (p=0.01), but not trunk or arm fat mass (p>0.05 for both). When RMR was expressed relative to lean body mass, no differences in RMR were found, indicating that the lower levels of lean mass observed in FSHD patients likely contribute to the lower absolute RMR values. Novelty bullets: • Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is lower among people with FSHD, as compared with controls • The reduced RMR among people with FSHD is due to disease-related loss in muscle mass and likely related to lower physical activity and/or exercise levels.

Resting Metabolic Rate and Thermic Effect of a Meal in Low- and Adequate-Energy Intake Male Endurance Athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Thompson ◽  
Melinda M. Manore ◽  
James S. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Thermic Effect

The resting metabolic rate (RMR) and thermic effect of a meal (TEM) were determined in 13 low-energy intake (LOW) and 11 adequate-energy intake (ADQ) male endurance athletes. The LOW athletes reported eating 1,490 kcal·day-1less than the ADQ group, while the activity level of both groups was similar. Despite these differences, both groups had a similar fat-free mass (FFM) and had been weight stable for at least 2 years. The RMR was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the LOW group compared to the values of the ADQ group (1.19 vs. 1.29 kcal·FFM-1·hr-l, respectively); this difference represents a lower resting expenditure of 158 kcal·day-1. No differences were found in TEM between the two groups. These results suggest that a lower RMR is one mechanism that contributes to weight maintenance in a group of low- versus adequate-energy intake male athletes.

The Effects of a 20-Week Exercise Training Program on Resting Metabolic Rate in Previously Sedentary, Moderately Obese Women

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Byrne ◽  
Jack H. Wilmore
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Resistance Training Program

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of exercise training on resting metabolic rate (RMR) in moderately obese women. It was hypothesized that exercise training would increase resting metabolic rate. Nineteen previously sedentary, moderately obese women (age = 38.0 ± 0.9 years, percent body fat = 37.5 ± 0.8) trained for 20 weeks using either resistance training (RT) or a combination of resistance training arid walking (RT/W). The high intensity resistance training program was designed to increase strength and fat-free mass and the walking program to increase aerobic capacity. There was also a non-exercising control group (C) of 9 subjects in this study. Fat-free mass was significantly increased in both the RT (+1.90 kg) and RT/W (+1.90 kg) groups as a result of the training program. No group showed significant changes in fat mass or relative body fat from pre- to post-training. Aerobic capacity was slightly, though significantly, increased in the RT/W group only. The RT group showed a significant increase (+44 kcal · day−1), while the RT/W group showed a significant decrease (-53 kcal · day−1) in resting metabolic rate post-training. RT can potentiate an increase in RMR through an increase in fat-free mass, and the decrease in RMR in the RT/W group may have been a result of heat acclimation from the walk training.

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