Physiological role of galanin in the regulation of anterior pituitary function in humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. E57-E61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giustina ◽  
M. Licini ◽  
M. Schettino ◽  
M. Doga ◽  
G. Pizzocolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Function ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The aim of our study was to elucidate the physiological role of the neuropeptide galanin in the regulation of anterior pituitary function in human subjects. Six healthy men (age range 26-35 yr, body mass index range 20-24 kg/m2) underwent in random order 1) an intravenous bolus injection of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-(1-29)-NH2 (100 micrograms) + thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 200 micrograms) + luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH, 100 micrograms) + corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH, 100 micrograms), and 2) intravenous saline (100 ml) at time 0 plus either human galanin (500 micrograms) in saline (100 ml) or saline (100 ml) from -15 to +30 min. Human galanin determined a significant increase in serum GH (GH peak: 11.3 +/- 2.2 micrograms/l) from both baseline and placebo levels. No significant differences were observed between GH values after galanin and those after GHRH alone (24.3 +/- 5.2 micrograms/l). Human galanin significantly enhanced the GH response to GHRH (peak 49.5 +/- 10 micrograms/l) with respect to either GHRH or galanin alone. Human galanin caused a slight decrease in baseline serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; 16.3 +/- 2.4 pg/ml) and cortisol levels (8 +/- 1.5 micrograms/dl). Galanin also determined a slight reduction in both the ACTH (peak 27 +/- 8 pg/ml) and cortisol (peak 13.8 +/- 1.3 micrograms/dl) responses to CRH. Baseline and releasing hormone-stimulated secretions of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, LH, and follicle-stimulating hormone were not altered by galanin. Our data suggest a physiological role for the neuropeptide galanin in the regulation of GH secretion in humans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The Physiological Role of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Regulation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in the Rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. C. Harris ◽  
Dana Christianson ◽  
M. Susan Smith ◽  
Shih-Lieh Fang ◽  
Lewis E. Braverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Posttraumatic Anterior Hypopituitarism—Revisited: The Role of TRH Provocative Release of Prolactin in the Confirmation of Anterior Pituitary Damage

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-950
Author(s):  
David R. Brown ◽  
J. Michael McMillin
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Closed Head Trauma ◽  
One Year ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

We have previously reported a case of anterior pituitary insufficiency in a 14-year-old girl following closed head trauma.1 Endocrine evaluation one year after her accident revealed hypopituitarism manifested by cachexia, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and hypoadrenocorticism. Laboratory studies demonstrated deficiencies of adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone, and gonadotropic hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone). We postulated that her hypopituitarism was due to anterior pituitary gland destruction rather than stalk section or hypothalamic damage. We have recently measured her serum prolactin concentrations following provocative stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and these results strengthen the evidence for direct anterior pituitary gland destruction and provide a more complete delineation of her endocrinologic function.

Some Aspects of Pituitary Function after Neuroadenolysis in Patients with Metastatic Cancer

1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagesh Deshpande ◽  
Guido Moricca ◽  
Franco Saullo ◽  
Luciano Di Martino ◽  
Giok Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The effects of neuroadenolysis on plasma titres of β-endorphin, β-lipotropin, ACTH, TSH and prolactin have been investigated in five patients with metastatic cancer who responded to the treatment and have been in remission for more than four years and in five others who were undergoing the treatment for the first time for pain due to cancer metastases. β-endorphin, β-lipotropin and ACTH titres were within the normal ranges of values in both categories of patients but post-neuroadenolysis titres of these peptides were higher than those before the treatment. The ability to secrete TSH and prolactin and to respond to thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TRH) remains intact following the treatment. However, whereas basal TSH titres and response to TRH was lower in the majority of patients, no such effect was observed on prolactin secretion. Plasma titres of prolactin and TSH were below the sensitivity of the method in the five patients who are in remission for more than four years. These preliminary findings suggest that neuroadenolysis probably affects some mechanism(s) associated with the control of β-endorphin, β-lipotropin and ACTH synthesis.

EFFECT OF MORPHINE ON THE RELEASE OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE STIMULATED BY EXPOSURE TO COLD, THYROIDECTOMY AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN MALE RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAMURA MURAKI ◽  
TERUO NAKADATE ◽  
YUKIKO TOKUNAGA ◽  
RYUICHI KATO
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Morphine reduced the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which was stimulated by exposure to cold and by thyroidectomy as well as reducing the basal level of TSH in the serum of male rats. The inhibitory effect of morphine was antagonized by naloxone which did not enhance the basal or cold-induced TSH release. Pretreatment with morphine did not reduce the release of TSH induced by exogenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) but enhanced it. This effect of morphine was also antagonized by naloxone. The above results suggested that the effect of morphine in reducing levels of serum TSH was not mediated by blocking the effect of TRH on the anterior pituitary gland, but that it was probably mediated by the inhibition of the release of TRH.

Pituitary tumours

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-320
Author(s):  
Kanna Gnanalingham ◽  
Zsolt Zador ◽  
Tara Kearney ◽  
Federico Roncaroli ◽  
H. Rao Gattamaneni
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The pituitary gland occupies the sella turcica, approximately 5 cm posterior to the tip of the nose in the midline of the skull base. It is closely related to the hypothalamus and third ventricle superiorly, chiasm and lamina terminalis anterosuperiorly, sphenoid sinus anteroinferiorly, cavernous sinus and cavernous segment of the carotid artery laterally, the posterior clinoids and clivus posteriorly. There are two distinct components to the pituitary gland, the anterior and posterior lobe, which are derived from the ectoderm and neuroectoderm, respectively. The anterior pituitary constitutes 80% of the gland mass and in the horizontal plane it is distributed into two lateral wings. The hormones produced by the anterior pituitary are adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. This chapter looks in detail at the role of the pituitary gland, what happens when it becomes tumorous, and the recommended treatment avenues.

Actinomycin D Affects Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Heterogeneous Forms of Glycosylated Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Rat Anterior Pituitary

1989 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-523
Author(s):  
Masatomo Mori ◽  
Toshio Michimata ◽  
Masafumi Yamaguchi ◽  
Masanobu Yamada ◽  
Tokuji Iriuchijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone
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