Changes in serotonin levels and 5-HT receptor activity in duodenum of streptozotocin-diabetic rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. G798-G808 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takahara ◽  
M. Fujimura ◽  
S. Taniguchi ◽  
N. Hayashi ◽  
T. Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Serotonin Content ◽  
Rat Duodenum

Few previous studies have discussed the changes in serotonin receptor activity in the small intestine of diabetic animals. Therefore, we examined serotonin content in duodenal tissue and dose-dependent effects of serotonin agonists and antagonists on the motor activity of ex vivo vascularly perfused duodenum of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Serotonin content was significantly increased in enterochromaffin cells but not altered in serotonin-containing neurons in STZ-diabetic rats. Motor activity assessed by frequency, amplitude, and percent motility index per 10 min of pressure waves was reduced in the duodenum of diabetic rats, and this reduction was reversed by insulin treatment. Serotonin dose dependently increased the motor activity in control rat duodenum but only a higher concentration of serotonin increased the motor activity in diabetic rats. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtype 4 (5-HT4) antagonist SB-204070 dose dependently reduced motor activity in both control and diabetic rats, whereas the 5-HT3receptor antagonist azasetron, even at a higher concentration, failed to affect motor activity in diabetic rat duodenum but dose dependently reduced motor activity in control rat duodenum. These results suggest that 5-HT3receptor activity was impaired but 5-HT4receptor activity was intact in STZ-diabetic rat duodenum. Such an impairment of 5-HT3receptor activity may induce the motility disturbance in the small intestine of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The regulation of glutamine and ketone-body metabolism in the small intestine of the long-term (40-day) streptozotocin-diabetic rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Watford ◽  
E J Erbelding ◽  
E M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Glutaminase Activity

The small intestine is the major site of glutamine utilization in the mammalian body. During prolonged (40-day) streptozotocin-diabetes in the rat there is a marked increase in both the size and the phosphate-activated glutaminase activity of the small intestine. Despite this increased capacity, intestinal glutamine utilization ceases in diabetic rats. Mean arterial glutamine concentration fell by more than 50% in diabetic rats, suggesting that substrate availability is responsible for the decrease in intestinal glutamine use. When arterial glutamine concentrations in diabetic rats were elevated by infusion of glutamine solutions, glutamine uptake across the portal-drained viscera was observed. The effect of other respiratory fuels on intestinal glutamine metabolism was examined. Infusions of ketone bodies did not affect glutamine use by the portal-drained viscera of non-diabetic rats. Prolonged diabetes had no effect on the activity of 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase in the small intestine or on the rate of ketone-body utilization in isolated enterocytes. Glutamine (2 mM) utilization was decreased in enterocytes isolated from diabetic rats as compared with those from control animals. However, glutaminase activity in homogenates of enterocytes was unchanged by diabetes. In enterocytes isolated from diabetic rats the addition of ketone bodies or octanoate decreased glutamine use. It is proposed that during prolonged diabetes ketone bodies, and possibly fatty acids, replace glutamine as the major respiratory fuel of the small intestine.

Porcine small intestine, a good ex vivo model to investigate absorption and metabolism of natural products

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Houriet ◽  
YE Arnold ◽  
C Petit ◽  
YN Kalia ◽  
JL Wolfender
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Model

Assessment for the Role of Serotonin Receptor Subtype 3 for the Analgesic Action of Morphine at the Spinal Level

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Myung Ha Yoon ◽  
Hong Buem Bae ◽  
Jeong Il Choi ◽  
Seok Jae Kim ◽  
Chang Mo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Analgesic Action ◽  
Spinal Level ◽  
Subtype 3

Anti-diabetic activity of diphenhydramine in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5067-5070
Author(s):  
Pang Jyh Chayng ◽  
Nurul Ain ◽  
Kaswandi Md Ambia ◽  
Rahim Md Noah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

The purpose of this project is to study the anti-diabetic effect of on a diabetic rat model. A total of Twenty male Sprague rats were used and it randomly distributed into four groups which are Group I: , Group II: negative control, Group III: and Group IV: and . In diabetic model were induced with via injection at the dosage of 65mg/kg. and FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose) level of diabetic rats were assessed every three days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture at day 21 after the induction of treatment. Insulin level of the rats was assessed with the Mercodia Rat Insulin ELISA kit. FBG level of group I (12.16 ±3.96, p<0.05) and group IV (11.34 ±3.67, p<0.05) were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the for all rats did not show any significant increase. However, the insulin level was escalated in group IV (0.74+0.25, p<0.05) significantly. The present study shows that the and the combination of and lowered blood glucose level and enhanced insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Living-Cell Diffracted X-ray Tracking Analysis Confirmed Internal Salt Bridge Is Critical for Ligand-Induced Twisting Motion of Serotonin Receptors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5285
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Mio ◽  
Shoko Fujimura ◽  
Masaki Ishihara ◽  
Masahiro Kuramochi ◽  
Hiroshi Sekiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Transmembrane Segment ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Gold Nanocrystals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Analytical Technique

Serotonin receptors play important roles in neuronal excitation, emotion, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction. The serotonin receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2AR) is a Gq-coupled GPCR, which activate phospholipase C. Although the structures and functions of 5-HT2ARs have been well studied, little has been known about their real-time dynamics. In this study, we analyzed the intramolecular motion of the 5-HT2AR in living cells using the diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) technique. The DXT is a very precise single-molecular analytical technique, which tracks diffraction spots from the gold nanocrystals labeled on the protein surface. Trajectory analysis provides insight into protein dynamics. The 5-HT2ARs were transiently expressed in HEK 293 cells, and the gold nanocrystals were attached to the N-terminal introduced FLAG-tag via anti-FLAG antibodies. The motions were recorded with a frame rate of 100 μs per frame. A lifetime filtering technique demonstrated that the unliganded receptors contain high mobility population with clockwise twisting. This rotation was, however, abolished by either a full agonist α-methylserotonin or an inverse agonist ketanserin. Mutation analysis revealed that the “ionic lock” between the DRY motif in the third transmembrane segment and a negatively charged residue of the sixth transmembrane segment is essential for the torsional motion at the N-terminus of the receptor.

Effect of atorvastatin on the angiogenic responsiveness of coronary endothelial cells in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiranj K. Chaudagar ◽  
Anita A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Atorvastatin Treatment ◽  
Coronary Endothelial Cells

Atorvastatin, a lipid lowering agent, possesses various pleiotropic vasculoprotective effects, but its role in coronary angiogenesis is still controversial. Our objective was to study the effects of atorvastatin on the angiogenic responsiveness of coronary endothelial cells (cEC) from normal and diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed among 9 groups; (i) normal rats, (ii) 30 day diabetic rats, (iii) 60 day diabetic rats, (iv) normal rats administered a low dose of atorvastatin (1 mg/kg body mass, per oral (p.o.), for 15 days); (v) 30 day diabetic rats administered a low dose of atorvastatin; (vi) 60 day diabetic rats administered a low dose of atorvastatin; (vii) normal rats administered a high dose of atorvastatin (5 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days); (viii) 30 day diabetic rats administered a high dose of atorvastatin; (ix) 60 day diabetic rats administered a high dose of atorvastatin. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups, (i) sham ischemia–reperfusion and (ii) rats hearts that underwent ischemia–reperfusion. Angiogenic responsiveness the and nitric oxide (NO) releasing properties of the subgroups of cECs were studied using a chorioallantoic membrane assay and the Griess method, respectively. Atorvastatin treatment significantly increased VEGF-induced angiogenic responsiveness and the NO-releasing properties of cECs from all of the subgroups, compared with their respective non-treated subgroups except for the late-phase diabetic rat hearts that underwent ischemia–reperfusion, and the high dose of atorvastatin treatment groups. These effects of atorvastatin were significantly inhibited by pretreatment of cECs with l-NAME, wortmannin, and chelerythrine. Thus, treatment with a low dose of atorvastatin improves the angiogenic responsiveness of the cECs from normal and diabetic rats, in the presence of VEGF, via activation of eNOS–NO release.

scholarly journals Actions of Cholecystokinin and Secretin on the Motor Activity of the Small Intestine in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge G. Gutiérrez ◽  
William Y. Chey ◽  
Vincent P. Dinoso
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Motor Activity

NEONATAL ISLET CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN THE DIABETIC RAT: EFFECT ON HEPATIC ENZYME ACTIVITY AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVONNE MANGNALL ◽  
ANNE SMYTHE ◽  
D. N. SLATER ◽  
GILLIAN R. MILNER ◽  
R. D. G. MILNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Islet Cell Transplantation ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Serum Immunoreactive Insulin

Intraperitoneal transplantation of collagenase-digested, isogeneic, neonatal rat pancreatic tissue successfully reversed streptozotocin-induced diabetes in 77% of recipients. The low serum immunoreactive insulin, hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and weight loss, characteristic of the diabetic animal, were corrected and the reduced activities of hepatic glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and the low glycogen concentration of the liver of diabetic rats were restored to normal. Forty-three per cent of the successfully transplanted rats became normoglycaemic within 1 month of transplantation whereas 57% took from 1 to 6 months to achieve normoglycaemia and displayed a mild glucose intolerance when subjected to a glucose load. The rats which had not become normoglycaemic 6 months after transplantation showed some amelioration of the diabetic state, as shown by increased serum immunoreactive insulin and hepatic glycogen concentration and a slow weight gain compared with diabetic controls.

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