Suction effusion fluid from skin and constituent analysis: new candidate for interstitial fluid

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. H1623-H1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kayashima ◽  
T. Arai ◽  
M. Kikuchi ◽  
N. Nagata ◽  
N. Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
White Female ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Loading ◽  
Effusion Fluid

The authors analyzed the constituents of effuse transcutaneous fluid, labeled suction effusion fluid (SEF), and monitored its glucose concentration during glucose loading in rabbits (Japan White, female) under pentobarbital anesthesia. The SEF was sampled by suctioning corneal layer-stripped skin at 400 mmHg absolute pressure. The SEF proved to have nearly the same concentrations as serum for lower-molecular-weight substances such as glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogens, but not for higher-molecular-weight substances such as serum proteins. The SEF protein concentration was one-fourth that of serum protein. Proteins > 100 kDa molecular mass were barely detectable in the SEF. Monitoring of SEF glucose change every 10 min during intravenous glucose loading was successfully accomplished, and SEF glucose concentration followed blood glucose concentration with a 10-min delay. The SEF was thought to consist of interstitial fluid and/or effuse fluid from small vessels in subcutaneous tissue.

scholarly journals Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Release in Malnourished Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Weinkove ◽  
E. A. Weinkove ◽  
B. L. Pimstone
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Protein Energy

1. Young Wistar rats were used as an experimental model to determine the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on glucose tolerance and insulin release. 2. Malnourished rats presented some of the features commonly found in human protein-energy malnutrition, such as failure to gain weight, hypoalbuminaemia, fatty infiltration of the liver and intolerance of oral and intravenous glucose loads. 3. The rate of disappearance of glucose from the gut lumen was greater in the malnourished rats but there was no significant difference in portal blood glucose concentration between normal and malnourished rats 5 and 10 min after an oral glucose load. 4. Insulin resistance was not thought to be the cause of the glucose intolerance in the malnourished animals since these rats had a low fasting plasma insulin concentration with a normal fasting blood glucose concentration and no impairment in their hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin administration. Furthermore, fasting malnourished rats were unable to correct the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia despite high concentrations of hepatic glycogen. 5. Malnourished rats had lower peak plasma insulin concentrations than normal control animals after provocation with oral and intravenous glucose, intravenous tolbutamide and intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin. This was not due to a reduction in the insulin content of the pancreas or potassium deficiency. Healthy weanling rats, like the older malnourished rats, had a diminished insulin response to intravenous glucose and intravenous tolbutamide. However, their insulin response to stimulation with intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin far exceeded that of the malnourished rats. Thus the impairment of insulin release demonstrated in the malnourished rats cannot be ascribed to a ‘functional immaturity’ of the pancreas.

Endogenous and Exogenous Insulin Responses in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Errol G. Wilmshurst ◽  
J. Stuart Soeldner ◽  
Douglas S. Holsclaw ◽  
Robert L. Kaufmann ◽  
Harry Shwachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Levels

Eight male patients with cystic fibrosis, normal nutrition, normal physical activity, relatively mild pulmonary disease, no evidence of liver disease and no family history of diabetes mellitus underwent a series of carbohydrate tolerance tests in comparison with a group of 18 normal male subjects matched for age and body weight. Compared with the normal group, the patients with cystic fibrosis had significantly impaired glucose tolerance and significantly lower serum immunoreactive insulin levels during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests; serum insulin levels were also significantly lower after intravenous administration of tolbutamide in the patients with cystic fibrosis, but the reduction in blood glucose concentration in each group was not significantly different. During an intravenous insulin test, the decrease in blood glucose concentration was the same for both groups, in spite of significantly lower serum insulin levels in the patients with cystic fibrosis. The percentage fall in plasma free fatty acids was at least as great in the patients with cystic fibrosis as in normals during the test procedures, while a significant decrease in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen after intravenously administered insulin was seen only in the patients with cystic fibrosis. These studies suggest that the carbohydrate intolerance of cystic fibrosis is consequent upon an impaired insulin response to glucose, but that this insulin deficiency is partly compensated for by increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin.

Analysis of ultrasonically extracted interstitial fluid as a predictor of blood glucose levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Mitragotri ◽  
Matthew Coleman ◽  
Joseph Kost ◽  
Robert Langer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Transdermal extraction of clinically relevant analytes offers a potentially noninvasive method of diagnostics. However, development of such a method is limited by the low permeability of skin. In this paper, we present a potential method for noninvasive diagnostics based on ultrasonic skin permeabilization and subsequent extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF) across the skin using vacuum. ISF extracted by this method was collected and analyzed for glucose and other analytes. Glucose concentration in the extracted fluid correlates well with blood glucose concentration over a range of 50–250 mg/dl. A mathematical model describing vacuum-induced transport of ISF through ultrasonically permeabilized skin is presented as well. The model accounts for convective, as well as diffusive, transport processes across blood capillaries, epidermis, and the stratum corneum. The overall predictions of the model compare favorably with the experimental observations.

Impairment of glucose tolerance in hyperthyroid cats

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hoenig ◽  
D. C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

ABSTRACT Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in eight adult cats before and after a 4-week treatment with thyroxine. The untreated cats had a mean fasting blood glucose concentration of 7·7 ± 0·3 mmol/l and a mean fasting insulin concentration of 88 ± 31 pmol/l which were not significantly different from mean fasting glucose and insulin concentrations after 4 weeks of thyroxine administration (6·9 ± 0·2 mmol/l and 101 ± 28 pmol/l respectively). At 120 min after glucose injection, the glucose concentration in untreated cats returned to baseline concentrations as did the insulin concentration. However, in the hyperthyroid cats both glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly (P < 0·001) higher (13·6 ± 0·8 mmol/l and 245 ± 17 pmol/l respectively) in comparison with the baseline and untreated cats. The t½ for glucose disappearance was significantly higher in the cats rendered hyperthyroid, and the glucose disposal rate constant (K) was significantly lower in this group. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism in cats leads to impairment of glucose tolerance possibly due to peripheral insulin resistance. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 249–251

STUDY OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND THE DYNAMIC PROPERTY OF INSULIN SECRETION. ANALYSIS OF INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST WITH THE AID OF A CONTROL THEORY

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuzo Kawamori ◽  
Motoaki Shichiri ◽  
Teishi Murata ◽  
Makoto Nomura ◽  
Yukio Shigeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dynamic Property ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
K Value

ABSTRACT The dynamic property of insulin secretion in relation to glucose tolerance was investigated quantitatively during iv glucose tolerance tests in 237 cases. The following results were obtained; 1) Glucose clearance constant (k-value) was not constant but variable with time and should be expressed as a function of time, K(t). In normal glucose tolerance, K(t) became greater with time. 2) Glucose-induced insulin secretion was expressed as the function of a proportional plus derivative response to glucose concentration. A weighting function of derivative response, reflecting the insulin secretion per unit of rate of change in blood glucose concentration, was calculated from blood glucose concentration (input) and insulin concentration (output) by the deconvolution method. It was clearly shown that the gain in weighting function was small and the response was slow even in the individual whose glucose tolerance was slightly impaired. 3) The greater the weighting function, the larger the change in K(t).

INTERFERENCE BY SERUM PROTEINS WITH LH RADIOIMMUNOASSAY USING IMMUNOSORBENT

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Reuter ◽  
J. C. Hendrick ◽  
J. Sulon ◽  
P. Franchimont
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Void Volume ◽  
High Molecular Weight Proteins ◽  
Serum Fractionation ◽  
Covalently Bound

ABSTRACT The percentage of LH* bound to antibodies that have been covalently bound to cellulose is diminished in the presence of LH-free human serum and sera from various species of animals. Serum fractionation studies on Sephadex G 200 show that the greatest interference comes from the proteins eluted in the void volume i. e. the high molecular weight proteins. Specifically, the gamma M globulins and the α2-macroglobulins appear to play an important role, as demonstrated by tests in which these proteins were neutralized by gamma M and α2-macroglobulin antisera.

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