Impairment of glucose tolerance in hyperthyroid cats

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hoenig ◽  
D. C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

ABSTRACT Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in eight adult cats before and after a 4-week treatment with thyroxine. The untreated cats had a mean fasting blood glucose concentration of 7·7 ± 0·3 mmol/l and a mean fasting insulin concentration of 88 ± 31 pmol/l which were not significantly different from mean fasting glucose and insulin concentrations after 4 weeks of thyroxine administration (6·9 ± 0·2 mmol/l and 101 ± 28 pmol/l respectively). At 120 min after glucose injection, the glucose concentration in untreated cats returned to baseline concentrations as did the insulin concentration. However, in the hyperthyroid cats both glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly (P < 0·001) higher (13·6 ± 0·8 mmol/l and 245 ± 17 pmol/l respectively) in comparison with the baseline and untreated cats. The t½ for glucose disappearance was significantly higher in the cats rendered hyperthyroid, and the glucose disposal rate constant (K) was significantly lower in this group. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism in cats leads to impairment of glucose tolerance possibly due to peripheral insulin resistance. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 249–251

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN RESPONSE DURING DAILY CONTINUOUS LOW-DOSE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE TREATMENT

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
B. Tengström ◽  
L. Wide
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

ABSTRACT Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and insulin determinations were performed on 37 women at different stages of the menstrual cycle and after one, three and twelve months of daily continuous treatment with 0.5 mg of norethindrone or 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate. The fasting blood glucose concentration, the k-values (percentage disappearance rate of glucose per minute) and the insulin response to glucose administration were compared. No statistically significant differences were found between the values obtained on two occasions before treatment, and during treatment.

scholarly journals Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Release in Malnourished Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Weinkove ◽  
E. A. Weinkove ◽  
B. L. Pimstone
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Protein Energy

1. Young Wistar rats were used as an experimental model to determine the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on glucose tolerance and insulin release. 2. Malnourished rats presented some of the features commonly found in human protein-energy malnutrition, such as failure to gain weight, hypoalbuminaemia, fatty infiltration of the liver and intolerance of oral and intravenous glucose loads. 3. The rate of disappearance of glucose from the gut lumen was greater in the malnourished rats but there was no significant difference in portal blood glucose concentration between normal and malnourished rats 5 and 10 min after an oral glucose load. 4. Insulin resistance was not thought to be the cause of the glucose intolerance in the malnourished animals since these rats had a low fasting plasma insulin concentration with a normal fasting blood glucose concentration and no impairment in their hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin administration. Furthermore, fasting malnourished rats were unable to correct the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia despite high concentrations of hepatic glycogen. 5. Malnourished rats had lower peak plasma insulin concentrations than normal control animals after provocation with oral and intravenous glucose, intravenous tolbutamide and intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin. This was not due to a reduction in the insulin content of the pancreas or potassium deficiency. Healthy weanling rats, like the older malnourished rats, had a diminished insulin response to intravenous glucose and intravenous tolbutamide. However, their insulin response to stimulation with intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin far exceeded that of the malnourished rats. Thus the impairment of insulin release demonstrated in the malnourished rats cannot be ascribed to a ‘functional immaturity’ of the pancreas.

Endogenous and Exogenous Insulin Responses in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Errol G. Wilmshurst ◽  
J. Stuart Soeldner ◽  
Douglas S. Holsclaw ◽  
Robert L. Kaufmann ◽  
Harry Shwachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Levels

Eight male patients with cystic fibrosis, normal nutrition, normal physical activity, relatively mild pulmonary disease, no evidence of liver disease and no family history of diabetes mellitus underwent a series of carbohydrate tolerance tests in comparison with a group of 18 normal male subjects matched for age and body weight. Compared with the normal group, the patients with cystic fibrosis had significantly impaired glucose tolerance and significantly lower serum immunoreactive insulin levels during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests; serum insulin levels were also significantly lower after intravenous administration of tolbutamide in the patients with cystic fibrosis, but the reduction in blood glucose concentration in each group was not significantly different. During an intravenous insulin test, the decrease in blood glucose concentration was the same for both groups, in spite of significantly lower serum insulin levels in the patients with cystic fibrosis. The percentage fall in plasma free fatty acids was at least as great in the patients with cystic fibrosis as in normals during the test procedures, while a significant decrease in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen after intravenously administered insulin was seen only in the patients with cystic fibrosis. These studies suggest that the carbohydrate intolerance of cystic fibrosis is consequent upon an impaired insulin response to glucose, but that this insulin deficiency is partly compensated for by increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin.

Influence of Dihydromyricetin on Lowering Blood Glucose Concentration and Reducing Early Kidney Damage in Imparied Glucose Tolerance Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qiang Zhou ◽  
Tao Yan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dose Levels

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes and it is related to irreversible kidney damages and chronic renal failure. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is an early stage in the development of diabetes and DN. Early detection of IGT and treatment of its associated early kidney damage can effectively prevent the development of DN. In this paper, the influence of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on lowering blood glucose concentration and reducing early kidney damage in IGT rats was studied. Animal model of IGT rats was built by two week intragastric injection of D-galactose and treated with eight weeks of intragastric injection of DHM at two dose levels. The concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), two-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hBG), insulin levels, contents of microalbuminuia (mAlb) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in kidney were analysed and compared with those in control groups. Experimental results indicated that DHM treatment can significantly lower the levels of two-hour postprandial blood glucose and insulin, decrease the content of mAlb and the activities of LDH in kidney, but does not influence the level of BUN. The study suggested that DHM can effectively improve the states of IGT rats and provide a protective effect against early kidney damage.

STUDY OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND THE DYNAMIC PROPERTY OF INSULIN SECRETION. ANALYSIS OF INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST WITH THE AID OF A CONTROL THEORY

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuzo Kawamori ◽  
Motoaki Shichiri ◽  
Teishi Murata ◽  
Makoto Nomura ◽  
Yukio Shigeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dynamic Property ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
K Value

ABSTRACT The dynamic property of insulin secretion in relation to glucose tolerance was investigated quantitatively during iv glucose tolerance tests in 237 cases. The following results were obtained; 1) Glucose clearance constant (k-value) was not constant but variable with time and should be expressed as a function of time, K(t). In normal glucose tolerance, K(t) became greater with time. 2) Glucose-induced insulin secretion was expressed as the function of a proportional plus derivative response to glucose concentration. A weighting function of derivative response, reflecting the insulin secretion per unit of rate of change in blood glucose concentration, was calculated from blood glucose concentration (input) and insulin concentration (output) by the deconvolution method. It was clearly shown that the gain in weighting function was small and the response was slow even in the individual whose glucose tolerance was slightly impaired. 3) The greater the weighting function, the larger the change in K(t).

Whole body insulin resistance in rat offspring of mothers consuming alcohol during pregnancy or lactation: comparing prenatal and postnatal exposure

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
B. L. Grégoire Nyomba
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Rat Offspring

This study examined the effects of maternal ethanol (EtOH) consumption during pregnancy or lactation on glucose homeostasis in the adult rat offspring. Glucose disposal was determined by minimal model during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in rats that had a small or normal birth weight after EtOH exposure in utero and in rats whose mothers were given EtOH during lactation only. All three EtOH groups had decreased glucose tolerance index and insulin sensitivity index, but their glucose effectiveness was not different from that of controls. In addition, EtOH rat offspring that were small at birth had elevated plasma, liver, and muscle triglyceride levels. The data show that EtOH exposure during pregnancy programs the body to insulin resistance later in life, regardless of birth weight, but that this effect also results in dyslipidemia in growth-restricted rats. In addition, insulin resistance is also evident after EtOH exposure during lactation.

scholarly journals High Physiological Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Affects Muscle Fatty Acid Composition and Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Obese Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Dangardt ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Eva Gronowitz ◽  
Jovanna Dahlgren ◽  
Peter Friberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis

Obese adolescents have high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and low omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCUFAs) in plasma phospholipids. We aimed to investigate effects of omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation to obese adolescents on skeletal muscle lipids and glucose and insulin homeostasis. Twenty-five obese adolescents (14–17 years old, 14 females) completed a randomized double-blind crossover study supplying capsules containing either 1.2 g omega-3 LCPUFAs or placebo, for 3 months each with a six-week washout period. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipids were measured. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp were performed, and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained at the end of each period. The concentrations of EPA, DHA, and total omega-3 PUFA in muscle phospholipids increased in both sexes. In the females, omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation improved glucose tolerance by 39% (P=0.04) and restored insulin concentration by 34% (P=0.02) during IVGTT. Insulin sensitivity improved 17% (P=0.07). In males, none of these parameters was influenced by omega-3 supplementation. Thus, three months of supplementation of omega-3 LCPUFA improved glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese girls without influencing body weight.

scholarly journals The effect of acetoacetate on plasma insulin concentration

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
K. G. M. M. Alberti ◽  
C. R. S. Houghton ◽  
D. H. Williamson ◽  
H. A. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. Sodium acetoacetate was infused into the inferior vena cava of fed rats, 48h-starved rats, and fed streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with insulin. Arterial blood was obtained from a femoral artery catheter. 2. Acetoacetate infusion caused a fall in blood glucose concentration in fed rats from 6.16 to 5.11mm in 1h, whereas no change occurred in starved or fed–diabetic rats. 3. Plasma free fatty acids decreased within 10min, from 0.82 to 0.64mequiv./l in fed rats, 1.16 to 0.79mequiv./l in starved rats and 0.83 to 0.65mequiv./l in fed–diabetic rats. 4. At 10min the plasma concentration rose from 20 to 49.9μunits/ml in fed unanaesthetized rats and from 6.4 to 18.5μunits/ml in starved rats. There was no change in insulin concentration in the diabetic rats. 5. Nembutal-anaesthetized fed rats had a more marked increase in plasma insulin concentration, from 30 to 101μunits/ml within 10min. 6. A fall in blood glucose concentration in fed rats and a decrease in free fatty acids in both fed and starved rats is to be expected as a consequence of the increase in plasma insulin. 7. The fall in the concentration of free fatty acids in diabetic rats may be due to a direct effect of ketone bodies on adipose tissue. A similar effect on free fatty acids could also be operative in normal fed or starved rats.

Suction effusion fluid from skin and constituent analysis: new candidate for interstitial fluid

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. H1623-H1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kayashima ◽  
T. Arai ◽  
M. Kikuchi ◽  
N. Nagata ◽  
N. Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
White Female ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Loading ◽  
Effusion Fluid

The authors analyzed the constituents of effuse transcutaneous fluid, labeled suction effusion fluid (SEF), and monitored its glucose concentration during glucose loading in rabbits (Japan White, female) under pentobarbital anesthesia. The SEF was sampled by suctioning corneal layer-stripped skin at 400 mmHg absolute pressure. The SEF proved to have nearly the same concentrations as serum for lower-molecular-weight substances such as glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogens, but not for higher-molecular-weight substances such as serum proteins. The SEF protein concentration was one-fourth that of serum protein. Proteins > 100 kDa molecular mass were barely detectable in the SEF. Monitoring of SEF glucose change every 10 min during intravenous glucose loading was successfully accomplished, and SEF glucose concentration followed blood glucose concentration with a 10-min delay. The SEF was thought to consist of interstitial fluid and/or effuse fluid from small vessels in subcutaneous tissue.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document