Guanethidine chemical sympathectomy: spinal cord and sciatic nerve blood flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. H1155-H1159
Author(s):  
Y. Kinoshita ◽  
W. W. Monafo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The spinal cord vasculature is innervated by noradrenergic nerve fibers, the role of which in the regulation of regional spinal cord blood flow (RSCBF) is presently unclear. We used the distribution of [14C]butanol to simultaneously measure RSCBF at seven cord levels and the regional blood flow in sciatic nerve (NBF), truncal skin, and biceps femoris muscle. The subjects were control rats and rats that had been given parenteral guanethidine sulfate for 5 wk to induce selective postganglionic "chemical sympathectomy." Flows were measured under basal conditions (group I) and immediately after an arterial hemorrhage (group II). The results indicate that RSCBF was unchanged from control after guanethidine administration in both groups; however, NBF was elevated after guanethidine by 47% in group I and by 41% in group II. We conclude that in the spinal cord as in the brain, sympathetic inflow does not appear to have an important role in the regulation of regional blood flow. Sympathetic inflow appears to partly regulate NBF, however, probably by varying vascular tone.

Regional blood flow in transected rat spinal cord during hypothermia

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. H1649-H1654
Author(s):  
T. Sakamoto ◽  
A. Iwai ◽  
W. W. Monafo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Caudal Spinal Cord

Regional blood flow (RBF) increases in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve of acutely hypothermic rats. To determine whether cord transection affects this response, we measured RBF in rat spinal cord and sciatic nerve 2 h after cord transection at vertebrae T8 (n = 18 rats) and T11 (n = 18 rats) using [14C]butanol distribution. Nine in each group were normothermic controls. In T11 transection-hypothermia (25-27 degrees C rectal temperature), RBF increased in the three rostral cord segments by 28-40% (P less than 0.05); caudally, cord RBF was depressed in two segments (P less than 0.05), unchanged in the other; RBF fell in nerve (P less than 0.05). In T8 transection-hypothermia, RBF was unchanged in the two rostral cord segments; caudally, RBF was depressed in one cord segment (P less than 0.05) and unchanged in the others; RBF was unchanged in nerve. We conclude that RBF does not rise in caudal spinal cord segments or in sciatic nerve during hypothermia in rats with prior spinal cord transection.

Iodoantipyrine and Rb86 Cl uptake by brain, cord, and sciatic nerve in the rat

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris J. Mandel ◽  
Francesco Arcidiacono ◽  
Leo A. Sapirstein
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
The Brain

Rb86 and Iodo131 antipyrine were injected together by vein in rats. The brain, spinal cord, and nerve contents of each label were measured 30 or 60 sec later. Iodoantipyrine values were used to calculate blood flow to these portions of the nervous system. The ratio of Rb86 to iodoantipyrine uptake was used as an index of the efficacy of the hematoneural barrier. The barrier is most complete in the brain, less complete in the spinal cord, and absent in peripheral nerve. Blood flow values per gram are: brain .41 ml/g min; cord .28 ml/g min, and nerve .11 ml/g min. It is suggested that the blood-brain barrier is an anatomical entity rather than a functional one.

scholarly journals Characteristic of the hemostasis indices in chronic venous insufficiency in stage of decompensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
V. І. Rusyn ◽  
V. V. Коrsak ◽  
О. М. Коchmar ◽  
S. S. Каlynych ◽  
О. Т. Devinyak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Group I ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To compare the hemostasis indices in patients, suffering chronic venous insufficiency (CHVI) in decompensation stage, owing or not the thrombotic complications. Маterials and methods. The indices of hemostasis were studied up in 47 patients, suffering CHVI in decompensation stage, in whom the blood was obtained from central and regional blood flow. To Group I 27 patients were included, suffering CHVI in decompensation stage and complicated by an acute varicothrombophlebitis. To Group II (control) were included 20 patients, suffering CHVI in a decompensation stage without thrombotic complications. Results. The indices of hemostasis of the regional blood flow of Group I and Group II differ significantly more, than the hemostasis indices of the central blood flow. Conclusion. The changes in hemostasis in patients, suffering an acute varicothrombophlebitis, are predominantly of a local character.

Regional sciatic nerve and muscle blood flow in conscious and anesthetized rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. H1211-H1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sugimoto ◽  
W. W. Monafo ◽  
S. G. Eliasson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Surgical Exposure ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium Anesthesia

The regulation of peripheral nerve blood flow is incompletely understood. Regional blood flow in the rat sciatic nerve (NBF) and hamstring muscle (MBF) was measured in both conscious and anesthetized normal rats and in rats that had undergone surgical exposure of one sciatic nerve just prior to measurement. The distribution of [14C]butanol following its bolus intravenous injection was used to determine the flows in a modification of the “indicator fractionation” technique. NBF in normal rats was similar in limb pairs and was unaffected by pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. The pooled value was 12.5 +/- 1.1 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1. NBF was unaffected by sham operation in the conscious rats but was doubled in operated limbs of anesthetized rats (P less than 0.001). MBF in conscious normal rats was five times that measured during anesthesia. As in NBF, sham operation significantly increased MBF only in anesthetized rats (P less than 0.01). [14C]butanol distribution is a sensitive indicator of NBF and MBF. Mere surgical exposure of the nerve significantly increases NBF and MBF in anesthetized, but not in conscious rats.

The effects of lumbar sympathectomy on regional spinal cord blood flow in rats during acute hemorrhagic hypotension

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Iwai ◽  
William W. Monafo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Severe Hypotension

✓ It has not previously been determined whether the sympathetic nervous system has a role in the regulation of regional blood flow in the spinal cord. The authors used 14C-butanol distribution to measure regional spinal cord blood flow at seven cord levels, in the sciatic nerve, and in the biceps femoris muscle in 36 rats, 18 of which had undergone excision of both lumbar sympathetic chains at least 6 days previously. Blood flows were measured during pentobarbital anesthesia. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was monitored and arterial pO2, pCO2, and pH were determined prior to flow measurement. Anesthetic dose and duration were controlled. Measurements were made in normotensive rats and in rats with MABP maintained at either 69 ± 3 mm Hg or 48 ± 3 mm Hg for 1 hour by the withdrawal of arterial blood. One-half of the rats in each group had undergone sympathectomy. The resting cord blood flow was lower than control values following sympathectomy only at the S1–4 cord level (p < 0.01) and cauda equina (p < 0.01), and was marginally lower at the L1-2 and L3–6 levels (p < 0.1). Cord blood flow was unaffected by sympathectomy during moderate hypotension. During severe hypotension, cord blood flow was less than control at the C3–5 level (p < 0.05), but did not differ from control at the other six levels. Flows in nerve and muscle were consistent with known effects of sympathectomy on peripheral tissues. It is concluded that, at most, sympathectomy may moderately decrease resting blood flow in the cord levels caudal to L-1. Sympathectomy has no major effect on regional spinal cord blood flow in rats stressed by either moderate or severe arterial hemorrhage.

[14C]butanol distribution: a new method for measurement of spinal cord blood flow

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. H953-H959
Author(s):  
T. Sakamoto ◽  
S. Shimazaki ◽  
W. W. Monafo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stimulation Of

[14C]butanol distribution was used to quantitate regional blood flow (SCBF) in the spinal cord (levels T3-5, T7-9, L1-2, L3-S) and in the sciatic nerves (NBF) of control pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats (group A), after 1 h of hemorrhagic hypotension (group B), after 15 min of stimulation of one sciatic nerve (group C-1), and after stimulation of one sciatic nerve plus hemorrhage, which maintained mean arterial pressure (MAP) at control (130 mmHg). Group A SCBF ranged from 52.3 +/- 3.5 (L3-S) to 67.4 +/- 2.7 (L1-2) ml.min-1.100 g-1. NBF was 8.0 +/- 0.9 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Group B SCBF was unchanged. NBF fell to 4.0 +/- 0.4 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Group C-1 SCBF was markedly elevated (range 122 +/- 23.1 to 150.1 +/- 18.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1). NBF was 33.5 +/- 4.1 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (stimulated side) and 14.7 +/- 1.4 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (nonstimulated). MAP was elevated (163 +/- 6 mmHg). In group C-2 (MAP was 130 +/- 4 mmHg), SCBF was still elevated at T3-5, L3-S, and marginally elevated at L1-2. NBF was 22.6 +/- 4.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (stimulated) but unchanged contralaterally. [14C]butanol distribution provides a sensitive reproducible measure of SCBF and NBF. Autoregulation of SCBF (but not of NBF) occurred in the range 60-160 mmHg MAP. Spinal cord stimulation via the sciatic nerve increased SCBF two- to threefold, but when hypertension was avoided by blood withdrawal, a modest (38%) increase in SCBF still occurred.

Regional blood flow in the brain and spinal cord of hypothermic rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. H785-H790
Author(s):  
T. Sakamoto ◽  
W. W. Monafo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Brain

[14C]butanol tissue uptake was used to measure simultaneously regional blood flow in three regions of the brain (cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and brain stem) and in five levels of the spinal cord in 10 normothermic rats (group A) and in 10 rats in which rectal temperature had been lowered to 27.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C by applying ice to the torso (group B). Pentobarbital sodium anesthesia was used. Mean arterial blood pressure varied minimally between groups as did arterial pH, PO2, and PCO2. In group A, regional spinal cord blood flow (rSCBF) varied from 49.7 +/- 1.6 to 62.6 +/- 2.1 ml.min-1.100 g-1; in brain, regional blood flow (rBBF) averaged 74.4 +/- 2.3 ml.min-1.100 g-1 in the whole brain and was highest in the brain stem. rSCBF in group B was elevated in all levels of the cord by 21-34% (P less than 0.05). rBBF, however, was lowered by 21% in the cerebral hemispheres (P less than 0.001) and by 14% in the brain as a whole (P less than 0.05). The changes in calculated vascular resistance tended to be inversely related to blood flow in all tissues. We conclude that rBBF is depressed in acutely hypothermic pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats, as has been noted before, but that rSCBF rises under these experimental conditions. The elevation of rSCBF in hypothermic rats confirms our previous observations.

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