Influence of acute-phase proteins on erythrocyte aggregation

With the exception of fibrinogen, immunoglobulins, and albumin, little information is available on the effect of acute-phase proteins on erythrocyte aggregation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (Cp), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP), and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) on the aggregation kinetics and shear resistance of erythrocyte aggregates. The plasma concentration of these proteins was measured in 20 healthy individuals and kept unchanged while the concentration of the protein tested was increased. Adding Hp to concentrations between 2.78 and 4.99 g/l resulted in a significant progressive increase in aggregation kinetics compared with controls. An elevation of the shear resistance of the aggregates was found for CRP at a concentration of 0.438 g/l. By an increase in the concentration of Cp from 4.40 to 9.39 g/l, the aggregation kinetics and the adhesive forces between erythrocytes were significantly increased: No effect on erythrocyte aggregation was observed for alpha 1-AGP, alpha 1-AT, and Cp at concentrations of 2.85, 3.97, and 2.43 g/l, respectively. The molecular mass of the acute-phase proteins, their configuration, and the presence of specific receptors on the erythrocyte membrane are postulated as possible factors influencing erythrocyte aggregation.

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Luminometric assays of seven acute-phase proteins in minimal volumes of serum, plasma, sputum, and bronchioalveolar lavage.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/32.5.743 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 743-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J Braun ◽

T Schultek ◽

K F Tegtmeier ◽

A Florenz ◽

C Rohde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Acid Glycoprotein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽

Heel Prick ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin

Abstract We describe immunoluminometric assays for seven acute-phase proteins, which can be determined in minimal volumes of plasma, serum, sputum, and bronchioalveolar lavage. The theoretical volume of serum or plasma required to measure all seven analytes in duplicate is 130 nL, although in practice the smallest volume of sample was enough to fill a hematocrit tube (about 25 microL of blood), collected from neonates by the heel-prick method. The assays could be performed with 10 microL of sputum or with 100 microL of bronchioalveolar lavage. We measured alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, thyroxin-binding prealbumin, C-reactive protein, and total and secretory immunoglobulin A. The assays are rapid enough for all results to be returned to the ward on the same day and are suitable for monitoring neonatal sepsis. All coefficients of variation, derived from compound precision profiles, were less than 7% for clinically relevant analyte concentrations. Correlation with commercially available nephelometric assays was good.

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The Acute Phase Proteins Reaction in Children Suffering from Pseudocroup

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/6518308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Beata Pucher ◽

Magdalena Sobieska ◽

Michal Grzegorowski ◽

Jaroslaw Szydlowski

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Inflammatory Reaction ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Control Group ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Acid Glycoprotein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Persistent Inflammation ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

The aim of the study was to evaluate the inflammatory reaction in children with pseudocroup and compare it with other laryngological diseases according to the available literature data. The study group included 51 children hospitalized because of pseudocroup. The measurements of the acute phase proteins (APP), such as C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and haptoglobin (Hp) were obtained at 3 time points. The glycosylation profiles of AGP, ACT, and Tf were completed. An increased AGP level was observed in girls. The AGP glycosylation revealed the advantage of the W0 variant over the W1 variant. W1 and W2 were decreased in boys. W3 emerged in boys. The Tf concentration and T4 variant were lower compared to the control group. The A2M level was lower after treatment. The Hp and AT levels were decreased a few weeks later. The ACT glycosylation revealed a decrease of the A4 variant in boys. In conclusion, the inflammatory reaction during pseudocroup was of low intensity. The APP glycosylation suggested a chronic process. In a follow-up investigation, no normalization of the parameters was noted, but signs of persistent inflammation were observed.

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The hepatic acute-phase proteins α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulin inhibit binding of transferrin to its receptor

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2900109 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 290 (1) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

I Graziadei ◽

R Kaserbacher ◽

H Braunsteiner ◽

W Vogel

Keyword(s):

Binding Site ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Rate Constant ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Protein Pattern ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Dissociation Rate ◽

Binding Assays ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Transferrin binding to human placental sites was inhibited by the acute-phase proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG), whereas haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and ferritin displayed no such effect. In equilibrium saturation binding assays, the effective acute-phase proteins decreased the apparent affinity of the binding sites for transferrin, but the transferrin binding-site density Bmax. was not significantly changed. For instance, the addition of 30 microM alpha 1-AT increased the KD of transferrin from 8.46 +/- 1.51 nM to 21.6 +/- 3.04 nM; the Bmax. values were 1.17 +/- 0.18 pmol/mg of protein and 1.04 +/- 0.25 pmol/mg of protein respectively. In kinetic studies, alpha 1-AT decreased the association rate constant k+1 of the 125I-transferrin-binding-site complex from 2.18(+/- 0.21) x 10(7) M-1.min-1 to 3.99(+/- 0.18) x 10(6) M-1.min-1. In contrast, the dissociation rate constant k-1 was not changed (0.0948 +/- 0.002 min-1, 0.089 +/- 0.0017 min-1). On isoelectric focusing, no alteration in transferrin protein pattern or shift in isoelectric point was detected in the presence of alpha 1-AT. Inhibition of transferrin binding by the acute-phase proteins alpha 1-AT and alpha 2-MG is competitive. Interestingly, inhibition is already present at physiological concentrations. However, full inhibition is only achieved at concentrations above the normal range, which are attained in acute-phase reactions.

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Influence of acute-phase proteins on erythrocyte aggregation

Biorheology ◽

10.1016/0006-355x(95)92119-u ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (2-3) ◽

pp. 218-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

X WENG ◽

G CLOUTIER ◽

R BEAULIEU

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Erythrocyte Aggregation

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Variations in the levels of acute-phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk during bovine subclinical mastitis

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202992100056x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Aarsha Raj ◽

Vinodkumar Kulangara ◽

Tresamol P. Vareed ◽

Deepa P. Melepat ◽

Latha Chattothayil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Bacterial Organism

Abstract Variations in the levels of acute phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are described in this research paper. Milking animals from two organized dairy farms in Kerala, India, were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity test (EC) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) test to identify animals affected with sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), C- reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Lactoferrin (Lf) and α- 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in milk and Hp, Albumin, Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and CRP in the serum of 40 normal cows and 40 cows affected with sub clinical mastitis were assessed. Solid phase ELISA was employed for assessment of all parameters except the albumin levels, for which spectrophotometry was used. The values of Hp in milk; and SAA, AGP and Lf in serum, were significantly elevated in the group with sub clinical mastitis. Such variations were found to be independent of the specific bacterial organism causing the disease. These results show that significant variations exist in the levels of acute phase proteins Hp, AGP and Lf in milk, and SAA in serum of animals affected with subclinical bovine mastitis that are not affected by specific bacterial etiology.

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Evaluation of Plasmatic Levels of Negative and Positive Acute Hepatic Phase Proteins in Patients who Underwent Major Surgery

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.11.7678 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 3947-3953

Author(s):

Laura Nicolescu ◽

Bogdan Totolici ◽

Ovidiu Bedreag ◽

Cristian Nicolescu ◽

Alin Mihu

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Major Surgery ◽

P Value ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Pearson Coefficient ◽

Simultaneous Decrease ◽

Correlation Tests ◽

The Moment

The acute hepatic phase response is defined as a reaction that includes hepatic synthesis of proteins, consisting in the increase of some proteins called positive acute phase proteins and the simultaneous decrease of others called negative acute phase proteins. This study describes this hepatic reaction, based on a series of consecutive determinations, at three different time intervals (right before a major surgery event, 24 and 48 hours after the intervention), of the plasmatic levels of transferrin, albumin, fibrinogen and C reactive protein (CRP). Subsequently, the data was analyzed using Jamovi 2019, version 0.9. The inferential statistics consisted in calculating an ANOVA test that compared the values at 24 hours and 48 hours versus the values right before the major surgery. The results were validated by calculating the p value (p[0.05) as well as conducting correlation tests by determining the Pearson coefficient which shows the values of CRP, fibrinogen, transferrin and albumin are independent of each other and do not interact. The multiple ANOVA comparative test reveals the lack of interaction between the values of determined proteins, regardless of the moment of determination.

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The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0239 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2199-2207

Author(s):

Mark B. Pepys

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Phase Response ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

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Acute phase proteins in bitches subjected to conventional and minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5132 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 2124-2128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elizabeth M.S. Schmidt ◽

Camila P. Rubio ◽

Funmilola Thomas ◽

João C.P. Ferreira ◽

David P. Eckersall

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Serum Haptoglobin ◽

Hemoglobin Binding ◽

Mixed Breed ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Haptoglobin Concentration

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the possible inflammatory changes by screening acute phase proteins concentrations in healthy bitches subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Minimally invasive and conventional (laparotomy) ovariohysterectomies were performed in 17 client-owned adult female mixed breed dogs. Nine animals were subjected to minimally invasive and eight animals to conventional ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were taken before surgery, 24, 48 hours, and seven days postoperatively. Serum C-reactive concentration was determined by a commercial ELISA kit and serum haptoglobin concentration was measured via hemoglobin binding assay, both previously validated for use in dogs. As the data did not meet the normal distribution criteria, the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis was performed to compare quantitative variables between groups. One-way ANOVA and the Friedman test were used for multiple comparisons between time points, with a P<0.05 considered significant. C-reactive protein concentration was significantly different (P<0.0001) at 24 hours postoperatively between groups. There was no significant difference in haptoglobin concentration between groups. C-reactive protein and haptoglobin concentrations were significantly different at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively for minimally invasive and conventional ovariohisterectomies. These findings provided an overview of the short-term inflammatory effects produced by minimally invasive and conventional ovariohysterectomies.

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