Variations in the levels of acute-phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk during bovine subclinical mastitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aarsha Raj ◽  
Vinodkumar Kulangara ◽  
Tresamol P. Vareed ◽  
Deepa P. Melepat ◽  
Latha Chattothayil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacterial Organism

Abstract Variations in the levels of acute phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are described in this research paper. Milking animals from two organized dairy farms in Kerala, India, were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity test (EC) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) test to identify animals affected with sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), C- reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Lactoferrin (Lf) and α- 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in milk and Hp, Albumin, Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and CRP in the serum of 40 normal cows and 40 cows affected with sub clinical mastitis were assessed. Solid phase ELISA was employed for assessment of all parameters except the albumin levels, for which spectrophotometry was used. The values of Hp in milk; and SAA, AGP and Lf in serum, were significantly elevated in the group with sub clinical mastitis. Such variations were found to be independent of the specific bacterial organism causing the disease. These results show that significant variations exist in the levels of acute phase proteins Hp, AGP and Lf in milk, and SAA in serum of animals affected with subclinical bovine mastitis that are not affected by specific bacterial etiology.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Acute-Phase Proteins in Milk from Cows with Clinical Mastitis Caused by Different Pathogens

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Felipe M. Dalanezi ◽  
Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt ◽  
Sâmea F. Joaquim ◽  
Felipe F. Guimarães ◽  
Simoni T. Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Positive Correlations

Among the new diagnostic methods for mastitis detection under development, milk acute-phase proteins (APPs) are receiving special attention. The study aimed to compare the profile of milk APPs from cows with natural clinical mastitis caused by distinct pathogens. The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by Spatial Proximity Analyte Reagent Capture Luminescence (SPARCL). Each APP was compared across the pathogens causing mastitis. The APPs differed statistically (p < 0.05) among the pathogens causing udder infection. There were significant and positive correlations among the concentration profile, for each pathogen, in three of four APPs studied. It can be concluded that the pathogen causing mastitis could modify the profile of release of the APPs in milk. The profile of Hp, AGP, and CRP demonstrated significant correlation, indicating that the three APPs are suggested as biomarkers, in milk, for bovine mastitis.

The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 2199-2207
Author(s):  
Mark B. Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

Abstract B87: Acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein and Serum Amyloid A) and post-diagnosis mammographic density in breast cancer survivors

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (11 Supplement) ◽  
pp. B87-B87
Author(s):  
Anne Dee ◽  
Roberta McKean-Cowdin ◽  
Anne McTiernan ◽  
Richard N. Baumgartner ◽  
Kathy B. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and serum during acute and chronic experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Grönlund ◽  
Cecilia Hultén ◽  
Peter D. Eckersall ◽  
Caroline Hogarth ◽  
Karin Persson Waller
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Local and systemic changes in the acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA), were studied in six dairy cows during the acute and chronic phases of experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Haptoglobin and SAA were measured in serum, and in milk from infected and healthy control udder quarters within each cow. Concentrations of haptoglobin and SAA increased rapidly in both serum and milk during the acute phase of mastitis and followed a similar pattern. Significantly raised milk concentrations of SAA were also found during chronic subclinical mastitis. Serum concentrations of SAA also tended to be higher during the chronic phase than pre-infection. Increases in milk haptoglobin and SAA were specific for the infected udder quarters. In conclusion, measurement of SAA in milk samples could be a useful tool in diagnosing mastitis.

Measurement of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), a major isotype of acute phase SAA

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamada ◽  
Takahiko Satoh ◽  
Yasuaki Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractSerum amyloid A (SAA), a plasma precursor of reactive amyloid deposits, is a multigene product. SAA1 and SAA2, with primary structures that are 93% identical (98 of 104 amino acids), behave as acute phase proteins, as demonstrated by their increasing levels in plasma. Heretofore, it has been understood that SAA1 predominates and functions as an isotype in plasma. However, accurate measurements differentiating the two isotypes have not been reported. In this study, using monoclonal antibodies specific for SAA1, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for SAA1. The levels and ratios of SAA1 in total SAA (TSAA) were investigated in healthy subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The SAA1/TSAA ratio was 74±12% and 77±12% in healthy subjects and RA patients, respectively. In RA patients, the ratios were not influenced by SAA1 genotype, which has been proposed to affect plasma SAA values. The kinetics of SAA1 in inflamed patients undergoing hemodialysis was found to be parallel with total SAA and C-reactive protein. Finally, this study confirmed that SAA1 is a major isotype of acute phase SAA and may determine total SAA values. This specific assay could be used in the evaluation of SAA behavior in several clinical conditions.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Sensitivity to Antibiotics and Bacteriocins of Pathogens Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Family Dairy Herds of Central Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Fabiola León-Galván ◽  
José E. Barboza-Corona ◽  
A. Arianna Lechuga-Arana ◽  
Mauricio Valencia-Posadas ◽  
Daniel D. Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

Thirty-two farms (n=535cows) located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, were sampled. Pathogens from bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CLM) were identified by 16S rDNA and the sensitivity to both antibiotics and bacteriocins ofBacillus thuringiensiswas tested. Forty-six milk samples were selected for their positive California Mastitis Test (CMT) (≥3) and any abnormality in the udder or milk. The frequency of SCM and CLM was 39.1% and 9.3%, respectively. Averages for test day milk yield (MY), lactation number (LN), herd size (HS), and number of days in milk (DM) were 20.6 kg, 2.8 lactations, 16.7 animals, and 164.1 days, respectively. MY was dependent on dairy herd (DH), LN, HS, and DMP<0.01, and correlations between udder quarters from the CMT were around 0.49P<0.01. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were mainly identified, as well asStaphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus uberis,Brevibacterium stationis,B. conglomeratum, andStaphylococcus agnetis. Bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin, clindamycin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime. Bacteriocins synthesized byBacillus thuringiensisinhibited the growth of multiantibiotic resistance bacteria such asS. agnetis,S. equorum,Streptococcus uberis,Brevibacterium stationis, andBrachybacterium conglomeratum, but they were not active againstS. sciuri, a microorganism that showed an 84% resistance to antibiotics tested in this study.

scholarly journals Investigation of acute-phase proteins and cytokines response in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia with special reference to their diagnostic accuracy

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10394
Author(s):  
Wael El-Deeb ◽  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Abdulrhman Alhaider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Acute-phase proteins (APPs) have always had valued diagnostic potentialities in response to infection. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected APPs and proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) under field conditions. Moreover, to highlight the role of tested biomarkers in CCPP pathogenesis. Fifty-eight goats (38 confirmed cases with CCPP and 20 healthy controls) were involved in this investigation. C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), haptoglobin (HP), fibrinogen (Fb), serum amyloid A (SAA), selected PIC (IL1-α, IL1-β, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) levels were investigated in serum samples from all goats under investigation. Latex agglutination test was used for diagnosis of goats with CCPP. For microbiological investigations, nasopharyngeal swabs (from all goats), lung tissues and pleural fluids (from only necropsied goats) were collected. This study revealed that all tested parameters have a high to moderate degree of diagnostic performance for CCPP. Magnitudes of increase in levels of APPs (CRP, HP and SAA) were stronger than PIC, IFN-γ, Fb and PCT. All tested parameters showed high diagnostic accuracy (AUROC >90%), except HP (AUROC = 87.3%) and IFN-γ (AUROC = 78.8%) showed moderate accuracy in differentiation of goats with and without CCPP infection. For detecting goats with and without CCPP infection, HP had the lowest sensitivity (Se = 81.6%) and Fb had the lowest specificity (Sp = 85.0%) among the APPs parameters tested. However, PCT showed the highest Se (100%) and Sp (95.0%) to detect goats with and without CCPP infection among tested parameters. Conclusively, this study endorses the significance of selected APPs and PIC as additional screening diagnostic parameters for naturally occurring CCPP in goats. However, it does not replace traditional methods for diagnosis of CCPP in goats. Furthermore, APPs and PIC have an important role in disease pathogenesis in goats.

scholarly journals The Acute-Phase Proteins Serum Amyloid A and C Reactive Protein in Transudates and Exudates

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra M. Okino ◽  
Cristiani Bürger ◽  
Jefferson R. Cardoso ◽  
Edson L. Lavado ◽  
Paulo A. Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Protein Serum ◽  
Serum Ratio

The distinction between exudates and transudates is very important in the patient management. Here we evaluate whether the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), in comparison with C reactive protein (CRP) and total protein (TP), can be useful in this discrimination. CRP, SAA, and TP were determined in 36 exudate samples (27 pleural and 9 ascitic) and in 12 transudates (9 pleural and 3 ascitic). CRP, SAA, and TP were measured. SAA present in the exudate corresponded to10%of the amount found in serum, that is, the exudate/serum ratio (E/S) was0.10±0.13. For comparison, the exudate/serum ratio for CRP and TP was0.39±0.37and0.68±0.15, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between serum and exudate SAA concentration (r=0.764;p<0.0001). The concentration of SAA in transudates was low and did not overlap with that found in exudates (0.02-0.21 versus 0.8–360.5 g/mL). SAA in pleural and ascitic exudates results mainly from leakage of the serum protein via the inflamed membrane. A comparison of the E/S ratio of SAA and CRP points SAA as a very good marker in discriminating between exudates and transudates

scholarly journals Changes in Acute-Phase Proteins in Plasma during the Periparturient Period of Dairy Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Zeng ◽  
Bingyu Shen ◽  
Yang Yuan ◽  
Yezi Kong ◽  
Panpan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Periparturient Period

The present study was conducted regarding four acute-phase proteins (APPs) including C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (HP) in dairy goats during the periparturient period. The aim of this study was to detect the changes in APPs in plasma during the periparturient period of healthy dairy goats. Guanzhong dairy goats with no other symptoms (n = 15) were selected on the basis of their blood calcium (Ca) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration. The plasma was collected once a week for ±3 weeks delivery. The concentrations of the four APPs mentioned above were determined using goat-specific ELISA kits. The results showed the CRP level in plasma decreased from 3 weeks to 1 week antepartum and increased later until 1 week postpartum and then decreased to a similar level with antepartum between 1 and 3 weeks postpartum. The content of CP showed a decline in 3 weeks before parturition and an upward trend between 1 week antepartum and 3 weeks postpartum. The SAA concentration decreased from 3 weeks antepartum to 2 weeks postpartum and rebounded later. The level of HP decreased during 3 weeks before parturition and increased until 1 week postpartum, then reached a stable value. Clear variation range and rules of APPs contribute to perinatal health monitoring of dairy goats.

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