Distribution of Urokinase Among the Common Mammals

1957 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Mohler ◽  
D. Robert Celander ◽  
M. Mason Guest
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cold Acetone ◽  
The Common

Urokinase, a principle capable of activating profibrinolysin to fibrinolysin, has been found in the urine of the cat, rat, cow, rabbit, man, dog and hamster. Soluble concentrates of this activator were prepared by precipitation of urine with equal volumes of cold acetone, suspension of the precipitate in borate buffer and sequential dialysis of the suspension against borate buffer (ph 9.2), distilled water and phosphate buffer (ph 7.25). The ability of the urokinase concentrates from the urine of a given species to activate the profibrinolysin of its own and various other species was measured in a two-stage assay system which is described. The activation of profibrinolysin by urokinase was limited by definite species specificities and did not appear to involve the intermediation of a plasma prokinase.

Freeze-fracture, freeze-etch complementary pairs of virus-infected cells reveal value of etching even when relatively high concentrations of cryoprotectants are used

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Virus Infected Plant ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
High Concentrations

It has been assumed by many involved in freeze-etch or freeze-fracture studies that it would be useless to etch specimens which were cryoprotected by more than 15% glycerol. We presumed that the amount of cryoprotective material exposed at the surface would serve as a contaminating layer and prevent the visualization of fine details. Recent unexpected freeze-etch results indicated that it would be useful to compare complementary replicas in which one-half of the frozen-fractured specimen would be shadowed and replicated immediately after fracturing whereas the complement would be etched at -98°C for 1 to 10 minutes before being shadowed and replicated.Standard complementary replica holders (Steere, 1973) with hinges removed were used for this study. Specimens consisting of unfixed virus-infected plant tissue infiltrated with 0.05 M phosphate buffer or distilled water were used without cryoprotectant. Some were permitted to settle through gradients to the desired concentrations of different cryoprotectants.

Ultrastructure of the basal body apparatus in epidermal cells of a sponge larva (Aplysilla SP: Demospongiae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
R.L. Pinto ◽  
R.M. Woollacott
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Basal Apparatus ◽  
Striated Rootlet ◽  
The Common ◽  
Basal Foot ◽  
Sexually Mature

The basal body and its associated rootlet are the organelles responsible for anchoring the flagellum or cilium in the cytoplasm. Structurally, the common denominators of the basal apparatus are the basal body, a basal foot from which microtubules or microfilaments emanate, and a striated rootlet. A study of the basal apparatus from cells of the epidermis of a sponge larva was initiated to provide a comparison with similar data on adult sponges.Sexually mature colonies of Aplysillasp were collected from Keehi Lagoon Marina, Honolulu, Hawaii. Larvae were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.14 M NaCl in 0.2 M Millonig’s phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Specimens were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in 1.25% sodium bicarbonate (pH 7.2) and embedded in epoxy resin. The larva ofAplysilla sp was previously described (as Dendrilla cactus) based on live observations and SEM by Woollacott and Hadfield.

Quantitative Determination of Plasminogen

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D Bruhn ◽  
L Müller ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Frozen Plasma

SummaryA modification of the caseinolytic assay for plasminogen is described. This assay system is characterized by the following features :1. Urokinase is used as activator achieving a complete activation of the plasminogen whereas with streptokinase caseinolytically inactive plasminogen-activator complexes are formed.2. All incubation times are reduced to the minimum which is still compatible with accuracy.3. Results are expressed in percent of a standard of ten normal plasmas.4. In this two-stage assay-system (activation of plasminogen to plasmin, digestion of casein by plasmin) both stages proceed simultaneously in the same system, thus the plasmin formed is stabilized “in statu nascendi” by the casein.5. Several conditions (stability of plasminogen in frozen plasma, use of anticoagulants, reproducibility) are defined.

The Effect of Copper Ions on Clot Lysis Time in the Fibrinolytic Assay of Streptokinase

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Alwin B. Bogert
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ions ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Clot Lysis Time

SummaryExperiments were conducted to determine why different lots of Borate Buffer reagent affect the clot lysis times obtained in the fibrinolytic assay of Streptokinase. Minerals naturally occurring in distilled water were screened individually to determine their influence on lysis. Copper was found to have a very pronounced effect in this regard on the fibrinolytic system in that low levels reduce the lysis time and high levels increase it.

Solubility Enhancement of the Poorly Water-Soluble Antiulcer Drug Famotidine by Inclusion Complexation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1983-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Ain ◽  
V Gupta ◽  
Babita K ◽  
Q Ain ◽  
J Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Physical Mixture ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physicochemical Interaction ◽  
Mixture Phase

Aqueous solubility is a critical factor for optimum drug delivery. In the present study, we investigated the potential of drug-cyclodextrin complexation as an approach for improving the solubility and bioavailability of famotidine, an H2-receptor antagonist and acid reducing drug which has poor solubility and bioavailability. Solubility improvement of drug by β-cyclodextrin was done by simple complexation approach using physical, kneading and co-precipitation methods and compared with physical mixture. Phase solubility profile indicated that the solubility of famotidine was significantly increased in presence of β-cyclodextrin and shows a linear graph with β-cyclodextrin indicating formation of inclusion complexes in a 1:1 molar ratio. β-Cyclodextrin-famotidine mixture have maximum stability constant 1477.6 M-1. The inclusion complex ratio 1:1 of kneading mixture was selected based on drug release profile and compared with physical mixture. Further characterization was done by  using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier and its effect on dissolution. Dissolution rate studies for selected inclusion complex was performed in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2), phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and distilled water (pH 6.8) and compared these to pure drug profile which was found to be 2.34 fold increase in distilled water, 1.83 fold in HCl and 2.01 fold in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). These results suggest that the kneaded complex of famotidine with β-cyclodextrin as hydrophilic complexation agent can substantially enhance the solubility and dissolution rate. Such complex has promising potential to improve the bioavailability of famotidine.  

A low tech in vitro procedure using faecal liquor for the estimation of digestibility of Forages

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
H.M. Omed ◽  
A. Faza ◽  
R.F.E. Axford ◽  
I. Ap Dewi ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Laboratory Facilities

Two-stage techniques Tilley & Terry (1963) for the estimation of digestibility have 3 main disadvantages for use in developing countries with limited laboratory facilities. Carbon dioxide is needed to saturate the buffers; a centrifuge is necessary to separate residues from solubilised materials; and the methods uses pepsin as a proteolytic agent. The aim of the present study was to eliminate these three requirements for the faecal liquor method ( Omed et al., 1989), by replacing bicarbonate with phosphate buffer (Marten & Barnes, 1980), pepsin with biological washing liquid, and centrifugation with sedimentation.

Estimation of the Common Mean of Two Normal Populations Using Two Stage Sampling

1998 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Moloy De ◽  
Jyotirmoy Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Unequal Variances ◽  
Common Mean ◽  
Normal Populations ◽  
The Common

We exhibit the superiority of the Graybill- Deal estimator for estimating the common mean of two univariate normal populations with unequal variances, under a two stage sampling scheme. Some properties of the two-stage Graybill-Deal estimator are discussed.

On a Class of Admissible Estimators of the Common Mean of Two Univariate Normal Populations

1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Moloy De
Keyword(s):  
Two Stage ◽  
Unequal Variances ◽  
Common Mean ◽  
Normal Populations ◽  
The Common

The purpose of this article is to extend a result of Sinha and Mouqadem ( Commun. Stal. Theo. Meth. 11, 1982, 1603-1614), and present a class of admissible estimators of the common mean of two univariate normal populations with unknown unequal variances. An extension of tbis result in the case of two-stage procedures is also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals A method of drawing extremely fine wires

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 455-456 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
The Common

The author refers to Musschenbroek for an instance of a gold wire, recorded to have been drawn by an artist at Augsburg so fine, that one grain of it would have the length of 500 feet. It is not said how this was effected, and some doubt has been entertained of the possibility of it ; but the author of this paper shows how gold may be drawn to the same degree of fineness, and also that platina may be made with great facility much finer than is above described. The general principle of the method is the same for both. The metal intended to be drawn is first reduced, in the common mode, to a wire of about the of an inch in diameter; and it is then coated with silver, so as to form a rod of considerable thickness. The rod is then drawn, as usual, till it is reduced to a slender wire, and it is presumed that the gold or platina contained in it is reduced in the same proportion as the silver. By steeping for a few minutes, in nitrous acid the silver is then dissolved; hut the gold or platina remain unaffected, and require merely to be washed in distilled water in order to free them from any portion of the solution or other little impurities that may adhere during the solution.

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