Experimental modifications and changes with age in pineal succinic dehydrogenase activity

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Quay
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Stimulate Activity ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Increased Activity

Pineal succinic dehydrogenase was determined by means of reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride and colorimetry. Studies employing over 3300 rats, primarily of the Long-Evans strain, demonstrate that: a) Al+++ and Ca++ promote and Cu++, malonate, iodine and hydroquinone inhibit enzyme activity in vitro; b) enzyme activity more than doubles in both sexes during the first 6 weeks postnatally with some reduction probable in about 1 year; c) pineal activity equals 50% of that of liver, 75% of tela chorioidea IV, 90% of cerebral cortex (area 18) and 160% of hypophyseal posterior lobe; d) norepinephrine or DOPA injection is usually followed (1–8 hours) by increased pineal activity; e) Dibenamine alone may depress activity after 18–19 hours but when followed by norepinephrine, DOPA, epinephrine, ephedrine, amphetamine or serotonin (4–6 hr. before autopsy) potentiates increased activity; f) Marsilid alone may stimulate activity (18 1/2–20 hr.) but when followed by norepinephrine, or DOPA potentiates decreased activity; g) extensive negative results with modifications in thyroid, adrenal cortical and gonadal endocrines do not support beliefs in pineal regulation by these pituitary-dependent systems. The hypothesis is advanced that the mammalian pineal is functionally involved with central mechanisms concerned with the metabolism and/or actions of certain neurohumoral amines.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INFECTION WITH M. TUBERCULOSIS AND OF TUBERCULIN SHOCK ON THE SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF GUINEA PIG TISSUES

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Chaudhuri ◽  
Samuel P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tissue Extract ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
Sublethal Doses

The kidney of guinea pigs infected with the H37Rv and BCG strains of M. tuberculosis showed a diminution in succinic dehydrogenase activity when measured by the tetrazolium technique. This effect was also seen in the liver and spleen of animals infected with the BCG strain. Sensitized animals showed similar results when given tuberculin in sublethal doses. The succinic oxidase was also low in the kidneys of animals infected with the H37Rv strain. The depressed enzyme activity of the tissues of infected animals could be restored to normal by addition of normal tissue extract or dialysate. This suggests that the alteration in tissue metabolism observed in tuberculosis may depend upon the loss of some as yet unidentified factor important for succinic dehydrogenase activity.

Changes in succinic dehydrogenase activity related to feeding

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Nielson ◽  
H. M. Klitgaard
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Psoas Muscles ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Feeding And Fasting

The effect of feeding and fasting on succinic dehydrogenase activity in rats accustomed to a feeding regime (fed 5 hr/24 hr) was studied over a 24-hr period and over a subsequent extended fast. The results showed a fall in enzyme activity to a minimal value at 6 hr after the initial feeding period in the four tissues studied. During the 24-hr period following feeding, cardiac and psoas muscles obtained maximum values which were 134% and 174%, respectively, of the 6-hr value at 18 hr. Liver and kidney attained their maximum values (133% and 174%, respectively) during the second 5-hr feeding period. When the fasting period was extended by omitting the second feeding period, liver and kidney tended to plateau (after their peak at 24 hr) near the 6-hr assay, whereas cardiac and psoas muscles (after their peaks at 24 and 18 hr, respectively) tended to plateau with 145% of the 6-hr activity. Variations related to feeding times, not previously realized, were demonstrated.

scholarly journals NONOSMIOPHILIC TETRAZOLIUM SALTS THAT YIELD OSMIOPHILIC, LIPOPHOBIC FORMAZANS FOR ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOSHE KALINA ◽  
ROBERT E. PLAPINGER ◽  
YOSHINOBU HOSHINO ◽  
ARNOLD M. SELIGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Nitroblue Tetrazolium ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Salts ◽  
Cytochemical Demonstration

Monotetrazolium salts were designed and prepared which incorporate a phthalhydrazide moiety to make them lipophobic and a benzothiazole moiety to make them react with osmium tetroxide after they are reduced to the corresponding formazans. The tetrazolium salts themselves do not react with osmium tetroxide under the conditions used for the cytochemical demonstration of enzyme activities. Although all of the new formazans, when dissolved in dimethylformamide, were reoxidized to the tetrazolium salts by osmium tetroxide, they were not reoxidized by osmium tetroxide when they were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran or precipitated by reduction in tissue, but gave dark complexes. One of the tetrazolium salts, 2-(2'-benzothiazolyl)-5-styryl-3-(4'-phthalhydrazidyl) tetrazolium chloride (BSPT), was readily reduced by succinic dehydrogenase activity, gave a formazan which produced a dark osmium complex relatively rapidly and gave good localization of succinic dehydrogenase activity on the membranes of mitochondria of rat myocardial cells. Although this tetrazolium salt (BSPT) was not photoreduced by fresh cells of Elodea to stain chloroplasts as seen with nitroblue tetrazolium or distyryl nitroblue tetrazolium, the 5-p-nitrophenyl derivative of BSPT was photoreduced by chloroplasts. The preparation of BSPT and its use in demonstrating succinic dehydrogenase activity ultracytochemically is given here. The preparation and ultracytochemical use of the 5-p-nitrophenyl derivative in chloroplasts will be published later.

EFFECT OF COBALT IONS ON MYOCARDIAL METABOLISM

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1219-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Wiberg ◽  
I. C. Munro ◽  
A. B. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cardiac Mitochondria ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Rat Heart Mitochondria

Cobalt treatment (4 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 8 days) significantly depressed the oxygen uptake of rat heart mitochondria incubated in pyruvate, octanoate, and stearate media. Cobalt treatment did not, however, affect oxygen uptake in cardiac mitochondria prepared from thiamine-deficient rats. The addition of α-lipoic acid to the in vitro system greatly enhanced the ability of mitochondria from cobalt-treated rats to metabolize pyruvate. Cobalt treatment in vivo did not appear to exert any inhibitory effect on myocardial succinic dehydrogenase activity.

Histochemistry of Hymenolepis microstoma (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae)

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton J. Bogitsh ◽  
David A. Nunnally
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Blue Tetrazolium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Cryostat Sections ◽  
Hymenolepis Microstoma

Reduction of neotetrazolium in the presence of succinate is used as a quantitative assay for succinic dehydrogenase activity in homogenates of Hymenolepis microstoma, and nitro blue tetrazolium and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium-cobalt are employed with cryostat sections for its histochemical localization in adults and cysticercoids. The highest concentrations of the enzyme occur in the anterior region of the worm (scolex, neck, and immature proglottids), lesser amounts in the region of mature and early gravid segments, and least amounts in the gravid region of the strobila. Primary sites of succinic dehydrogenase activity are the mitochondrial layer of the cuticle and the cells of the subcuticle. In the anterior region the entire parenchyma shows uniformly high concentrations of enzyme activity. This reaction decreases posteriorly until, in the gravid region, only the subcuticle and the mitochondrial layer of the cuticle display activity. Intense activity was also noted in the layer just under the shells of the eggs. The ovary and immature testes show high enzyme concentrations; however, in the testes, the concentration diminishes as the organs mature. In the scolex, the rostellum and the muscles of the suckers show higher enzyme activity than the surrounding tissues. The scolex, inner membrane, and tail of the cysticercoid show uniformly high concentrations of formazan.

COMPARISON OF RED AND WHITE VOLUNTARY SKELETAL MUSCLES OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF PRIMATES

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. BEATTY ◽  
G. M. BASINGER ◽  
C. C. DULLY ◽  
R. M. BOCEK
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Male Rhesus ◽  
Quadratus Femoris ◽  
Sirius Red

There was a direct correlation between the qualitative histochemical classification by staining intensity for succinic dehydrogenase and the quantitative measurements of succinic dehydrogenase activity for the quadratus femoris (red), soleus (red), sartorius (predominantly red) and the superficial portion of the brachioradialis (predominantly white) muscles of the rhesus monkey. The relative succinic dehydrogenase activities were quadratus femoris > soleus > sartorius > brachioradialis, the quadratus femoris having 7 times more enzyme activity than the brachioradialis. The sartorius of male rhesus monkeys had a higher enzyme activity than that of the female. Muscle samples were stained with sirius red and graded for amounts of connective tissue as follows: soleus < sartorius < brachioradialis. These histochemical results were verified by chemical analyses. The soleus, sartorius and brachioradialis from 10 other species of primates had the same relative succinic dehydrogenase activities and histochemical staining patterns as the rhesus.

scholarly journals A TISSUE FACTOR INFLUENCING SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN TUBERCULOUS GUINEA PIGS

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Martin ◽  
C. D. Cooper ◽  
S. N. Chaudhuri ◽  
R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Bovine Kidney ◽  
Free Sulfhydryl Group

The alterations in succinic dehydrogenase activity during the course of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Rv and BCG, as well as with dead bacilli, has been described. A tissue factor has been described which is prepared from normal bovine kidney and will restore enzyme activity in vitro. This factor is prepared by chromatographic analysis and contains a nucleotide with an ultraviolet absorption maxima at 250 mµ (pH 3) and a free sulfhydryl group. The role of this factor in the response to tuberculosis is discussed.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EPIPHYTES EXTRACT ON THE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE CROP SEEDLINGS CHALLENGED WITH FUNGAL PATHOGENS

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
HAMZAH JUMAH ESSA BARKAH ◽  
LOKESH S
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Reduced Activity

Objectives: The objective of the present study to test the angiospermic epiphytes such as Bulbophyllum propinquum and Dendrophthoe falcata for their effect against some pathogenic fungi of sorghum, paddy and chilli, through seed treatment and foliar spray in challenging with the infectivity of the pathogens. Methods: The plant extracts were carried out by the Soxhlet extraction method and culture of pathogenic fungi were cultured and maintained in vitro for further use. The peroxidase (POX) enzyme activity in the seedlings was measured spectrophotometrically at 300 nm and expressed as Δ optical density 300 nm/min/mg protein. Results: The results of this study indicated 92 and 98% seed germination in the control samples, respectively. In the chilli and paddy which were reduced to 64 and 58% in seedlings inoculated with Colletotrichum dematium, Drechslera oryzae, correspondingly. Similar observation was made in sorghum samples on treatment with Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum, whose germination was drastically reduced to 74 and 69% compared to control (92%). In all the cases, seed treated with epiphytes extracts indicated the stimulated germination over pathogen inoculated samples. In parallel to this, the peroxidase assay also indicated its diminished/reduced activity in pathogen treated seedlings of the selected crop species. Seedlings of epiphytes extract treatment challenged with respective pathogens showed an increased activity over only pathogen treated samples. Conclusion: The results clearly indicated the influence of POX in early growing stages of the seedlings corresponds to 12–72 h of incubation in spite of pathogenic activity. Thus, it proved the loss of enzyme activity seedlings on pathogen infection. Contrastingly, POX activity in the seedlings irrespective of the crop species remained high during the early growth stages of the seedlings.

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