Responses to phenethylamines and nicotine and histology of turtle atria

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sister Marie Therese Dimond
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
Painted Turtle ◽  
Conducting Tissue ◽  
Amplitude Increase ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

Epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), tyramine (T) and nicotine were tested at various dosage levels on different atrial regions of the heart of the eastern painted turtle, Chrysemys picta picta (Schneider), and the median effective dose determined. The three phenethylamines acted according to the following pattern in their effect on rate increase, amplitude increase, and inhibition of tonus waves: E > NE > T, except for amplitude increase in the left atrium and tonus wave inhibition in both atria, where E and NE were equal. The right sino-atrium and left atrium differed in sensitivity to the drugs. The various responses, including treppe, are consonant with the theory of the release from the tissues of a potentiating substance and a depressing substance. Histological stains for chromaffin tissue, a possible source of potentiating substance, were negative, but a differentially stained type of cardiac muscle, a possible conducting tissue, is present in regions of the sinus venosus and both atria and at the base of the interatrial septum.

Clarifying the anatomy of the superior sinus venosus defect

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-319334
Author(s):  
Jay Relan ◽  
Saurabh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Rengarajan Rajagopal ◽  
Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan ◽  
Gurpreet Singh Gulati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Sinus Venosus ◽  
Caval Vein ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Superior Caval Vein ◽  
Inferior Pulmonary Vein ◽  
The Right

ObjectivesWe sought to clarify the variations in the anatomy of the superior cavoatrial junction and anomalously connected pulmonary veins in patients with superior sinus venosus defects using computed tomographic (CT) angiography.MethodsCT angiograms of 96 consecutive patients known to have superior sinus venosus defects were analysed.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 34.5 years. In seven (7%) patients, the defect showed significant caudal extension, having a supero-inferior dimension greater than 25 mm. All patients had anomalous connection of the right superior pulmonary vein. The right middle and right inferior pulmonary vein were also connected anomalously in 88 (92%) and 17 (18%) patients, respectively. Anomalous connection of the right inferior pulmonary vein was more common in those with significant caudal extension of the defect (57% vs 15%, p=0.005). Among anomalously connected pulmonary veins, the right superior, middle, and inferior pulmonary veins were committed to the left atrium in 6, 17, and 11 patients, respectively. The superior caval vein over-rode the interatrial septum in 67 (70%) patients, with greater than 50% over-ride in 3 patients.ConclusionAnomalous connection of the right-sided pulmonary veins is universal, but is not limited to the right upper lobe. Not all individuals have over-riding of superior caval vein. In a minority of patients, the defect has significant caudal extension, and anomalously connected pulmonary veins are committed to the left atrium. These findings have significant clinical and therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals Comparison of pulmonary vein sizing by transesophageal echocardiogram and by direct angiogram

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bachani ◽  
R Vadivelu ◽  
A Bagchi ◽  
JP Jadwani ◽  
GK Panicker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
T Test ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Chamber View ◽  
The Right ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Pulmonary vein (PV) anatomy and sizing is important to know before performing PV isolation. This information is conventionally obtained by angiography or by CT scan. Aim We undertook this study to identify and measure the PVs during TEE studies and validate these against angiography. Method 17 consecutive patients due to undergo PV isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were analysed. Using TEE, the PVs were visualised (Upper panel) as follows:  i) From the mid-esophageal four chamber view, the chamber probe was turned to the right at 110-130º for the bicaval view, where the RSPV was seen entering the left atrium adjacent to the SVC. ii) At 0º the SVC was imaged in its short axis, and the probe advanced till the interatrial septum was seen. The angle was changed to 30º to visualise the right inferior PV (RIPV). iii) From the two chamber view (70-90º), the probe was turned to the left and withdrawn to display the left superior PV (LSPV) entering the left atrium parallel to the appendage.iv) Keeping the LSPV in focus, the angle was changed to 135º and the probe advanced till the AV groove, where the left inferior PV (LIPV) was visualised. After transseptal puncture, each PV was cannulated. The PV angiograms were performed in several projections to obtain the best PV profile (lower panel). Using electronic callipers, each PV was measured within 1 cm of its entry into the left atrium, after having received all tributaries. Those PVs were considered for analysis which were measured by both TEE and angiography. The paired ‘T’ test was used to compare the PV diameters by TEE and angiography and the Bland Altman analysis was done to see the level of agreement. Results Of a total of 68 PVs, 62 could be adequately visualised by TEE and 50 by angiography. These 50 PVs were measured using both methods. The diameters of the PVs measured by TEE and angiography were not statistically different by the paired t test; LSPV14 ± 1.8 mm v/s 14.4 ± 2.1 mm; RSPV 13 ± 1.8 mm v/s 14.6 ± 3.5 mm; LIPV 11.9 ± 2.1 vs 13.2 ± 2.8 mm and RIPV 10.5 ± 2.7 vs 12.1 ± 2.9 mm. Bland Altman analysis showed most PV sizes estimated by TEE and angiography lay within limits of agreement. Conclusions A majority of PVs can be visualised by TEE using a defined protocol. TEE is a good technique to visualise and assess the size of PVs, avoiding the need for contrast medium and radiation. Abstract Figure. TEE and angiographic images of PVs

scholarly journals P887 Two sides of the same mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saraiva ◽  
A Moura ◽  
N Craveiro ◽  
M J Vieira ◽  
J Abecassis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Right Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Intracardiac Masses ◽  
The Right

Abstract Echocardiography (echo) remains the first-line imaging modality for the evaluation of cardiac masses. Three-dimensional (3D) echo, either transthoracic or transesophageal (TTE and TEE respectively), has allowed for better definition imaging, providing more information about the size, mobility, attachment and relation of these lesions with cardiac structures. Nevertheless, due to its superior tissue characterization capability, other imaging techniques, such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), are very helpful in the differential diagnosis, making multimodality imaging the most attractive option for the study of intracardiac masses. We present the case of a 85 year-old male, with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (under effective anticoagulation), type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, referred for the study of an asymptomatic cardiac mass found in a routine TTE. There were no relevant findings on physical examination. The TTE showed a bilobar spheroid mass, in the right atrium, attached to the interatrial septum, with 33x23mm and regular edges. A 3D TEE was performed confirming the previous findings, but also showing extension of this mass through the fossa ovalis membrane, reaching the left atrium; this aspect raised the doubt about either protrusion or invasion of the left atrium and, respectively, a benign (like a myxoma) versus malignant behaviour (such as a sarcoma). To better characterize this lesion, a CMR was ordered, which revealed a bilobar heterogeneous mass, attached to the right side of the interatrial septum, at the fossa ovalis membrane, without signs of adjacent tissue invasion, namely unequivocal invasion of the left atrium; it presented with intermediate T1 signal, hyperintense T2 signal and heterogeneous pattern of gadolinium enhancement, features mostly in favour of a right atrial myxoma. The complimentary study found no other relevant changes, namely no findings suggestive of endocarditis (negative blood cultures), autoimmune disease or malignancy. The patient refused undergoing heart surgery and, therefore, kept follow-up with clinical and echocardiographic stability. Although histological examination remains the only tool for definitive diagnosis, multimodality imaging allows a quite comprehensive evaluation of intracardiac masses, enlightening the differential diagnosis. Here the imaging findings helped to establish a benign origin as the most likely, very important in this case of a probable right atrial myxoma, due to its peculiar protrusion to the left atrium through the fossa ovalis membrane. Abstract P887 Figure. atrial myxoma

Minimally Invasive Approach to Correct Anomalous Inferior Vena Cava Connection to the Left Atrium

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. NP50-NP52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Pace Napoleone ◽  
Davide Marini ◽  
Andrea Baronetto ◽  
Luca Deorsola ◽  
Gabriella Agnoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Congenital Condition ◽  
Anomalous Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mini Thoracotomy

Anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium is a rare congenital condition. A 20-year-old girl was referred for recurrent transient ischemic attacks. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large ostium secundum atrial septal defect, and computed tomography showed anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium. Through a right mini-thoracotomy, the opening of the inferior vena cava into the atrium was identified under the inferior edge of the interatrial septum, draining into the left atrium, and redirected to the right atrium, using a pericardial patch to reconstruct the atrial septum. Postoperative course was uneventful. Right mini-thoracotomy approach was effective in correcting the anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Old Female Patient with Left Atrial Myxoma Originating from Pulmoary Vein

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Cetin Sanlialp Sara
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Left Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Right

Myxomas are the most common benign tumors of the heart and are often locatedin the left atrium and interatrial septum. They are rarely seen in the right atriumand ventricles. Myxoma usually has a benign character, but when it reaches largevolumes it causes severe mechanical obstructive symptoms in patients. Shortness ofbreath, dizziness, cough, palpitation may be its symptoms. Also constitutional complaintssuch as fever, myalgia and weight loss can be seen in patients. This case isabout a 82-year-old female patient with large size atrial mxyoma that was detectedby echocardiography.

scholarly journals Left Atrial Myxoma with an Unusual Origin near Right Pulmonary Vein

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Vandana Bhardwaj ◽  
Neeti Makhija ◽  
Amolkumar Bhoje ◽  
Kamal K Chitara
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Left Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Cardiac Tumours ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unusual Origin

ABSTRACT Atrial myxoma is the most frequent intracardiac tumor, accounting for nearly 50% of benign cardiac tumours in adults. We present here a rare case report of a solitary left atrial myxoma attached to the left atrial wall near the origin of the right pulmonary vein. The stalk of tumor was not attached to the interatrial septum, which is the most common site of attachment. Instead, it was attached on the wall of left atrium adjacent to the interatrial septum. Surgical exploration confirmed its attachment in the left atrium near the origin of right upper pulmonary vein. How to cite this article Bhardwaj V, Makhija N, Bhoje A, Chitara KK. Left Atrial Myxoma with an Unusual Origin near Right Pulmonary Vein. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(1):31-33.

Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defect with Autologous Right Atrial Patch: Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Tansel Dar�in ◽  
Alper Sami Kunt ◽  
Mehmet Halit Andac
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Wall ◽  
Residual Shunt ◽  
Asd Closure ◽  
The Right

Background: Although various synthetic materials and pericardium have been used for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, investigators are continuing to search for an ideal material for this procedure. We report and evaluate a case in which autologous right atrial wall tissue was used for ASD closure. Case: In this case, we closed a secundum ASD of a 22-year-old woman who also had right atrial enlargement due to the defect. After establishing standard bicaval cannulation and total cardiopulmonary bypass, we opened the right atrium with an oblique incision in a superior position to a standard incision. After examining the secundum ASD, we created a flap on the inferior rim of the atrial wall. A stay suture was stitched between the tip of the flap and the superior rim of the defect, and suturing was continued in a clockwise direction thereafter. Considering the size and shape of the defect, we incised the inferior attachment of the flap, and suturing was completed. Remnants of the flap on the inferior rim were resected, and the right atrium was closed in a similar fashion. Results: During an echocardiographic examination, neither a residual shunt nor perigraft thrombosis was seen on the interatrial septum. The patient was discharged with complete recovery. Conclusion: Autologous right atrial patch is an ideal material for ASD closure, especially in patients having a large right atrium. A complete coaptation was achieved because of the muscular nature of the right atrial tissue and its thickness, which is a closer match to the atrial septum than other materials.

scholarly journals Large papillary fibroelastoma of right atrium, an unusual case of respiratory distress in a young man

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Le Ho ◽  
Pui Fong Ng ◽  
Sotheenathan Krishinan ◽  
Basheer Ahamed Abdul Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Papillary Fibroelastoma ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Intracardiac Masses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Embolic Risk

Abstract Background Papillary fibroelastomas are rare but benign cardiac tumour that are often found on cardiac valvular surfaces. Their clinical manifestations ranging from clinically asymptomatic to substantial complications that are usually secondary to systemic embolism. Multiple theories have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of its formation. Case presentation We reported a rare case of large papillary fibroelastoma in the right atrium of a young gentleman which was complicated with pulmonary embolism. Transthoracic echocardiography identified a large pedunculated mass measuring 3.4cmX3.4cmX2cm in right atrium with stalk attached to interatrial septum. The intracardiac mass was resected surgically, which revealed papillary fibroelastoma in histology examination. Conclusion Differential diagnosis of intracardiac masses requires clinical information, laboratory tests and imaging modalities including echocardiography. Incidentally discovered papillary fibroelastomas are treated on the basis of their sizes, site, mobility and potential embolic complications. Due to the embolic risk inherent to intraacardiac masses, surgical resection represents an effective curative protocol in treating both symptomatic and asymptomatic right sided and left sided papillary fibroelastomas, with excellent long term postoperative prognosis.

Neonatal transcatheter closure of a right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Claire Bertail-Galoin
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Transcatheter Closure ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Amplatzer Duct Occluder ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Abstract A fistula between the pulmonary artery and the left atrium is a rare entity and its diagnosis is uncommon in the neonatal period. There are more reported surgical treatments in the literature than with a transcatheter closure. We report the case of a prenatal diagnosis of a large fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium with successful transcatheter closure with an Amplatzer duct occluder II 6/4 mm.

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