Effects of ganglionic blockade by hexamethonium on blood pressure responses to histamine

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Autonomic Nervous Activity ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Ganglionic Blocking

The effects of blockade of the autonomic ganglia by administration of hexamethonium on blood pressure responses to histamine were studied in the dog anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. A series of graded doses of histamine acid phosphate were administered before and after the blockade of the ganglia, and blood pressure responses elicited by these doses of histamine were analyzed for minimum attained blood pressure and actual fall and duration of fall in blood pressure. In all cases the minimum attained blood pressure was lower after administration of the ganglionic blocking agent than before. The amount of lowering of the minimum attainable blood pressure was about the same as that of lowering of the control blood pressure produced by the ganglionic blocking agent. Actual fall in blood pressure was unaffected by administration of the ganglionic blocking agent but duration of the fall following all the larger doses of histamine was markedly prolonged by this same procedure. Prolongation of depressor response and lowering of minimum attained blood pressure seem to be more related to the presence or absence of autonomic nervous activity than to the level of control blood pressure.

Effects of ganglionic blockade and voluntary muscle paralysis on epinephrine blood pressure responses

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
James G. Hilton ◽  
Antonio A. Sekul
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Voluntary Muscle ◽  
Total Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

The blood pressure responses elicited by graded doses of epinephrine before and after voluntary muscle paralysis by curare have been studied in the dog anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and pretreated with diphenhydramine and hexamethonium. These responses were compared before and after curare to determine the effects of voluntary muscle paralysis. The results were also compared with the earlier results of Hilton and Reid ( Am. J. Physiol. 186: 289, 1956) obtained in dogs under total spinal anesthesia. The comparisons showed that the actual rise in blood pressure and the duration of the rise in blood pressure were unaffected by the paralysis of the voluntary muscle. The maximum attainable blood pressure was lower following the curare. The amount of lowering in maximum was directly related to the effects of the curare upon the control blood pressure. The comparison of the blood pressure responses to epinephrine after diphenhydramine and hexamethonium with the blood pressure responses obtained from the same doses of epinephrine in unmedicated dogs showed that the diphenhydramine-hexamethonium potentiated the pressor responses. When the same comparison was made with responses in the dog under total spinal anesthesia there was no potentiation of the pressor responses. The results of these experiments seem to indicate that the potentiation of epinephrine pressor response varies with the degree of autonomic nervous activity, but not with voluntary muscle activity.

A proposed mechanism for epinephrine potentiation by ganglionic blocking agents

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Blocking Agents ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Ganglionic Blocking

The blood pressure responses elicited by the injection of 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 µg/kg of epinephrine were studied before and after blockade of autonomic nervous activity by either ganglionic blocking agents or by total spinal anesthesia. After blockade, blood pressure levels of 100, 130, and 160 mm Hg were maintained by infusion of epinephrine. The results of these studies showed that the pressor responses elicited were inversely related to the level of the maintained blood pressure and that the maximum attained blood pressures did not change markedly with the various maintained blood pressures. In the series of animals treated with ganglionic blocking agents, the maximum blood pressures were approximately the same before and after blockade but in the total spinal anesthetized animals these pressures were approximately 30 mm Hg lower after blockade. It was postulated from these results that autonomic blockade produces an apparent potentiation of epinephrine pressor response not by sensitization of the reacting structures but by lowering the level of catecholamines available to the receptor sites and shifting the dose-response curve to the left.

Effects of Hemorrhage on Blood Pressure Responses to Epinephrine and to Histamine

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Effects ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Effects of hemorrhage on blood pressure responses to epinephrine and to histamine were studied in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. A series of graded doses of either l-epinephrine bitartrate or l-histamine diphosphate was given before and after hemorrhage, and the blood pressure effects of each dose of the administered drug were recorded. Amount of hemorrhage was determined as 10% of the experimental animal's Evans blue blood volume. Blood pressure records were analyzed in terms of minimum or maximum blood pressure attained, actual rise or actual fall in blood pressure and duration of primary blood pressure response before and after hemorrhage. The results showed that there is a significant change in the minimum and maximum blood pressures attained, but no significant change in the actual rise, actual fall or duration of primary response of blood pressure. The amount of change in minimum or maximum attainable blood pressure was directly related to the amount of change in blood pressure which resulted from the decrease in blood volume.

Effects of Spinal Anesthesia and Adrenalectomy on Blood Pressure Responses to Histamine

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Made In

Experiments were made in dogs to determine the effects of graded doses of histamine on the blood pressure of the adrenalectomized and nonadrenalectomized animal before and after total spinal anesthesia. Before spinal anesthesia adrenalectomy had no significant effect other than the changes due to the lowering of the control blood pressure. After total spinal anesthesia adrenalectomy had no significant effect on the blood pressure responses to histamine. The effects seen as the result of the total spinal anesthesia were a decrease in the amount of fall in blood pressure, a prolongation of the duration of the fall in blood pressure and a lowering of the minimum to which the blood pressure will fall as the result of the histamine action. In dogs under total spinal anesthesia there is no indication of a rise in blood pressure due to a direct release of pressor amines from the adrenal medulla due to the histamine action.

Blood Pressure Responses to Epinephrine in the Etherized Dog, Before and After Baroreceptor Denervation

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hilton ◽  
Robert V. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Peak Blood

Experiments were performed on dogs anesthetized with ether to determine the effects of denervation of the baroreceptors upon the blood pressure responses to graded doses of epinephrine. The results of these experiments show that the denervation procedures do not significantly affect the peak blood pressure attained or the duration of the rise in blood pressure resulting from doses of epinephrine. Denervation of the baroreceptors elevated the level of the control blood pressure and reduced the height of the pressor response significantly. At all but the 10.0 µg/kg dosage level the difference in the pressor response could be accounted for by the difference in the control blood pressure.

Effect of sodium nitroprusside on blood pressure responses to histamine

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hilton ◽  
William B. Tumlinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Depressor Response ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Prior Administration

Effects of decrease in tone produced by sodium nitroprusside on blood pressure responses to histamine were studied in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. A series of graded doses of l-histamine acid phosphate was given before and during infusion of sodium nitroprusside (three levels: 2,5 and 8 µg/kg/min.) and blood pressure responses to each dose of the administered histamine were recorded. Blood pressure records were analyzed in terms of minimum blood pressure attained, actual fall in blood pressure and duration of fall in blood pressure before and during the infusion. There was a significant reduction in the fall in blood pressure, but no significant change in the duration of the depressor response. The amount of reduction in minimum attained blood pressure decreased as the size of the dose of histamine increased. This together with the decrease in fall in blood pressure seems to indicate that decrease in blood vessel tone by the prior administration of sodium nitroprusside antagonizes the depressor response of histamine. The extent of this antagonism is such that the minimum obtainable blood pressure with maximum doses of histamine is unchanged by the infusion of sodium nitroprusside.

Effects of sodium nitroprusside on blood pressure responses to epinephrine

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Nitroprusside Infusion

The effects of decrease in tone produced by sodium nitroprusside on the blood pressure responses to epinephrine were studied in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. A series of graded doses of l-epinephrine bitartrate was given before and during the infusion of sodium nitroprusside and the blood pressure responses to each dose of the administered epinephrine were recorded. Four different levels of sodium nitroprusside infusion were used; 2, 5, 8 and 10 µg/kg/min. Blood pressure records were analyzed in terms of maximum blood pressure attained, actual rise in blood pressure and duration of blood pressure rise before and during the infusion. The results showed that there is a significant reduction in the maximum attainable blood pressure, but no significant change in the actual rise in blood pressure or in the duration of blood pressure responses. The amount of change in maximum attainable blood pressure was directly related to the decrease in control blood pressure resulting from the sodium nitroprusside infusion. A three-dimensional dose response curve, including dose of sodium nitroprusside, dose of epinephrine and blood pressure, has been derived.

PENGARUH TERAPI TERTAWA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI UPT PANTI WREDHA BUDHI DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Setyaningrum ◽  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Fachruddin Tri Fitrianta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases, because this disease is suffered byboth men and women, as well as adults and young people. Treatment of hypertension does not onlyrely on medications from the doctor or regulate diet alone, but it is also important to make our bodyalways relaxed. Laughter can help to control blood pressure by reducing endocrine stress andcreating a relaxed condition to deal with relaxation.Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy ondecreasing elderly blood pressure in UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta.Methods: The design used in this study is a pre-experimental design study with one group pre-posttestresearch design where there is no control group (comparison). The population in this study wereelderly aged over> 60 years at 55 UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The method oftaking in this study uses total sampling. The sample in this study were 55 elderly. Data analysis wasused to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after laughing therapy with a ratio datascale that was using Pairs T-TestResult: There is an effect of laughing therapy on blood pressure in the elderly at UPT Panti WredhaBudhi Dharma Yogyakarta marked with a significant value of 0.000 (P <0.05)

scholarly journals Resistance and aerobic exercise protects against acute endothelial impairment induced by a single exposure to hypertension during exertion

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane A. Phillips ◽  
Emon Das ◽  
Jingli Wang ◽  
Kirkwood Pritchard ◽  
David D. Gutterman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Lifters ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Resistance and aerobic exercise is recommended for cardiovascular health and disease prevention. However, the accompanying increase in arterial pressure during resistance exercise may be detrimental to vascular health. This study tests the vascular benefits of aerobic compared with resistance exercise on preventing impaired vascular function induced by a single weight lifting session that is associated with acute hypertension. Healthy, lean sedentary (SED) subjects, weight lifters, runners (>15 miles/wk), and cross trainers (chronic aerobic and resistance exercisers), underwent a single progressive leg press weight lifting session with blood pressure measurements. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD; an index of arterial endothelial function) was determined using ultrasonography immediately before and after weight lifting. Sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) was used to determine endothelium-independent dilation after weight lifting. All subjects were normotensive with similar blood pressure responses during exercise. Baseline FMD was lower in runners (5.4 ± 0.5%; n = 13) and cross trainers (4.44 ± 0.3%; n = 13) vs. SED (8.5 ± 0.8%; n = 13; P = 0.037). Brachial FMD improved in conditioned weight lifters (to 8.8 ± 0.9%; P = 0.007) and runners (to 7.6 ± 0.6%; P < 0.001) but not cross trainers (to 5.3 ± 0.6%; P = NS) after acute hypertension. FMD was decreased in SED (to 5.7 ± 0.4%; P = 0.019). Dilation to nitroglycerin was similar among groups. These data suggest that endothelial responses are maintained after exposure to a single bout of weight lifting in resistance and aerobic athletes. Resistance and aerobic exercise may confer similar protection against acute vascular insults such as exertional hypertension.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Local Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow in Manipulative Therapy by Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Matsuda ◽  
Mikie Nakabayashi ◽  
Tatsuya Suzuki ◽  
Sinan Zhang ◽  
Masashi Ichinose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Autonomic Nervous Activity ◽  
Local Blood Flow ◽  
Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Manipulative Therapy

Manipulative therapy (MT) is applied to motor organs through a therapist’s hands. Although MT has been utilized in various medical treatments based on its potential role for increasing the blood flow to the local muscle, a quantitative validation of local muscle blood flow in MT remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate bedside evaluation techniques. Therefore, we investigated changes in the local blood flow to the muscle undergoing MT by employing diffuse correlation spectroscopy, a portable and emerging optical measurement technology that non-invasively measures blood flow in deep tissues. This study investigated the changes in blood flow, heart rate, blood pressure, and autonomic nervous activity in the trapezius muscle through MT application in 30 volunteers without neck and shoulder injury. Five minutes of MT significantly increased the median local blood flow relative to that of the pre-MT period (p &lt; 0.05). The post-MT local blood flow increase was significantly higher in the MT condition than in the control condition, where participants remained still without receiving MT for the same time (p &lt; 0.05). However, MT did not affect the heart rate, blood pressure, or cardiac autonomic nervous activity. The post-MT increase in muscle blood flow was significantly higher in the participants with muscle stiffness in the neck and shoulder regions than in those without (p &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that MT could increase the local blood flow to the target skeletal muscle, with minimal effects on systemic circulatory function.

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