Optimization of the Properties of Photocured Hydrogels for Use in Electrochemical Capacitors

In this work, hydrogel polymer electrolytes (HPEs) were obtained by the photopolymerization of a mixture of two monomers: Exothane 8 (Ex8) and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate acid phosphate (HEMA-P) in an organic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), which was replaced after polymerization with water, and then with the electrolyte. The ratio of monomers as well as the concentration of NMP was changed in the composition to study its influence on the properties of the HPE: conductivity (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS) and mechanical properties (puncture resistance). Properties were optimized using a mathematical model to obtain a hydrogel with both good mechanical and conductive properties. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first publication that demonstrates the application of optimization methods for the preparation of HPE. Then, the hydrogel with optimal properties was tested as a separator in a two-electrode symmetric AC/AC pouch-cell. The cells were investigated by cyclic voltammetry galvanostatic charge/discharge with potential limitation and EIS. Good mechanical properties of HPE allowed for obtaining samples of smaller thickness while maintaining very good dimensional stability. Thus, the electrochemical capacitor (EC) resistance was reduced and their electrochemical properties improved. Moreover, photopolymerization kinetics in the solvent and in bulk by photo-DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) were performed. The great impact on the polymerization of HEMA-P and its mixtures (with Ex8 and NMP) have strong intermolecular interactions between reagents molecules (i.e., hydrogen bonds).

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an acute, life-threatening condition that occurs either spontaneously or as a complication of cytoreductive antitumor therapy, and occurs in both children and adults. As a result of TLS, intracellular components are released into the extracellular space, leading to dysregulation of the body's homeostasis due to the accumulation of uric acid, phosphate and potassium ions, and hypocalcemia, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, convulsions, or kidney failure.

A case study on therapeutic management of a cross-bred downer cow

A five year old cross bred cow, 24 hours post calving was presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), Pookode, with the history of recumbency 24 hours post calving. The serum biochemical parameters of calcium, phosphorus and potassium on the first day of presentation were 7.93 mg/dL, 3.82 mg/dL and 3.67 mEq/L, respectively. Tentatively the condition was diagnosed as downer cow with metabolic origin. The cow was treated with calcium borogluconate, flunixine meglumine and inj. Vitamin B1, B6, B12, sodium acid phosphate, vitamin ADE, Selenium, Biotin liquid for 7 days. Along with this, potassium chloride was administered for two days. The supportive treatment was done with lifting of cow using cow sling. Sand bedding was provided along with physiotherapy of rolling of the recumbent cow alternate ways six times a day. The serum biochemical parameters became normal on 8th day and the cow recovered by 13th day.

Insights into the composition of ancient Egyptian red and black inks on papyri achieved by synchrotron-based microanalyses

A hitherto unknown composition is highlighted in the red and black inks preserved on ancient Egyptian papyri from the Roman period (circa 100 to 200 CE). Synchrotron-based macro–X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping brings to light the presence of iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) compounds in the majority of the red inks inscribed on 12 papyrus fragments from the Tebtunis temple library. The iron-based compounds in the inks can be assigned to ocher, notably due to the colocalization of Fe with aluminum, and the detection of hematite (Fe2O3) by micro–X-ray diffraction. Using the same techniques together with micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Pb is shown to be associated with fatty acid phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and carboxylate ions. Moreover, micro-XRF maps reveal a peculiar distribution and colocalization of Pb, phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), which are present at the micrometric scale resembling diffused “coffee rings” surrounding the ocher particles imbedded in the red letters, and at the submicrometric scale concentrated in the papyrus cell walls. A similar Pb, P, and S composition was found in three black inks, suggesting that the same lead components were employed in the manufacture of carbon-based inks. Bearing in mind that pigments such as red lead (Pb3O4) and lead white (hydrocerussite [Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2] and/or cerussite [PbCO3]) were not detected, the results presented here suggest that the lead compound in the ink was used as a drier rather than as a pigment. Accordingly, the study calls for a reassessment of the composition of lead-based components in ancient Mediterranean pigments.

Percentage Analysis Mixed of CPO, Phosphic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide as a Replacement for Diesel Engine Oil Fuel Using a Calorize Test

One of the researches being developed is to produce methyl esters from CPO through transesterification reaction of vegetable oil (triglycerides) with methanol. Biodiesel from crude palm oil is a new hope for answering some of the energy needs. know the rate of combustion of the biodiesel produced. Biodiesel that is produced from a mixture of CPO, phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide, with a percentage of I. 98% CPO, 1% Phosphoric Acid, 1% Sodium Hydroxide: II. 95% CPO, 2% Phosphoric Acid, 3% Sodium Hydroxide: III. 95% CPO, 3% Phosphoric Acid, 2% Sodium Hydroxide. The results showed that the most effective mixture was 95% CPO, 3% acid phosphate and 2% sodium hydroxide with a burning rate of 0.309 g / minute in 30.42 minutes with a final temperature of 57 (oC).

One-pot oxidative cleavage of cyclic olefins for the green synthesis of dicarboxylic acids in Pickering emulsions in the presence of acid phosphate additives

Dicarboxylic acids were prepared by the oxidative cleavage of cyclic alkenes by adsorbing dodecyltrimethylammonium phosphotungstate particles and silica particles functionalized with octadecyl chains and sulfonic acid groups at the W/O interface.