Maturation, iron deficiency, and ligands in enteric radioiron transport in vitro

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ruliffson ◽  
J. M. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Everted Gut Sac

The effects in rats, of age, iron-deficiency anemia, and ascorbic acid, citrate, fluoride, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on enteric radioiron transport were studied in vitro by an everted gut-sac technique. Sacs from young animals transported more than those from older ones. Proximal jejunal sacs from anemic animals transported more than similar sacs from nonanemic rats, but the reverse effect appeared in sacs formed from proximal duodenum. When added to media containing ascorbic acid or citrate, fluoride depressed transport as did anaerobic incubation in the presence of ascorbic acid. Anaerobic incubation in the presence of EDTA appeared to permit elevated transport. Ascorbic acid, citrate, and EDTA all enhanced the level of Fe59 appearing in serosal media. These results appear to agree with previously established in vivo phenomena and tend to validate the in vitro method as one of promise for further studies of factors affecting iron absorption and of the mechanism of iron absorption.

Optimizing iron adequacy and absorption to prevent iron deficiency anemia: The role of combination of fortified iron and vitamin C

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Ray W. Basrowi ◽  
Charisma Dilantika
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Store ◽  
Factors Affecting

Iron is a vital nutrient to promote the availability of tissue oxygen, cell growth and control of differentiation, and energy metabolism.  Preventing Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is necessary because iron is vital to central nervous system growth and development especially in the first years of life. Iron-rich complementary foods are recommended in infants around 6 months of age because iron store is depleted. Better understanding of iron absorption process and factors affecting its absorption and bioavailability is necessary to prevent iron deficiency and can be a dietary strategy to mitigate iron deficiency. Meat and iron-fortified food are the main sources of iron in the diet, and it is essential to introduce supplementary food to improve iron absorption. Additional foods such as cereals, cow milk and soybeans such as phytate, polyphenol and calcium are inhibitors which require care to prevent IDA. Ascorbic acid is an effective iron-absorbing enhancer, which is useful to reduce the effects of any known nonheme iron inhibitor. In iron-fortified foods, Combination use of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is recommended in molar ratio of 2:1 (with cow's milk and low-phytate cereal foods) and higher molar ratio of 4:1 (with higher phytate such as soybeans).

scholarly journals Tea fungus fermentation on a substrate with iron(ii)-ions

2002 ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomir Malbasa ◽  
Eva Loncar ◽  
Ljiljana Kolarov
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
The World ◽  
Tea Fungus

Iron is essential element for human metabolism and it is a constituent of both heme- containing and nonheme proteins. Its deficiency can cause serious diseases, i.e. iron-deficiency anemia, with some fatal consequences. Tea fungus beverage has high nutritional value and some pharmaceutical effects. It is widely consumed allover the world and its benefits were proved a number of times. The aim of this paper was to investigate tea fungus fermentation on a substrate containing iron(II)-ions and the possibility of obtaining a beverage enriched with iron. We monitored pH, iron content and also the production of L-ascorbic acid, which is very important for iron absorption in humans.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR TREATMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahima Hashem ◽  
Mohamed Nasr ◽  
Yomna Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Prepared Nanoparticles ◽  
Commercial Iron

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate iron oxide nanoparticles for treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA).Methods: Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and stabilized by coating with folic acid or chitosan. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized in vitro for morphology, particle size, zeta potential, crystallinity and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption. In vivo studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the prepared nanoparticles in treating iron-deficient anemic rats compared to the commercial iron product.Results: In vitro results revealed that particle sizes were 65.95±5 nm, 220.2±12 nm and 295.3±19 nm for uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles, folic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and chitosan coated iron oxide nanoparticles, respectively. UV-Vis absorption spectrum and x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the prepared nanoparticles were iron oxide nanoparticles. In vivo results indicated that folic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles showed effective restorative action, returning haemoglobin (Hb) concentration to normal levels, where not only complete recovery of Hb within short time from the anemic state to the high normal level, but also improved Hb concentrations compared to the commercial iron product.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly indicated a promising potential of folic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for the effective treatment of IDA.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Mesoporous Iron Particles for Iron Bioavailability

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5291
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Wu ◽  
Liao ◽  
Jakfar ◽  
Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Commercial Iron

Chronic renal failure involving hemodialysis results in blood loss during filtration. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia can result. A compensatory increase in iron dosage has many side effects including discomfort. Elemental iron is a highly-pure iron source, which reduces the frequency of dosages; the solubility decreases with increased particle size or pore size. In this study, synthesized mesoporous iron particles (MIPs) were used to relieve iron deficiency anemia. Their bioavailability was measured in vitro by a Caco-2 cell model and in vivo in iron-deficient rats. In vitro bioavailability of MIPs was examined by measuring ferritin content in the Caco-2 cell model. Iron uptake of MIPs was significantly higher than commercial iron particles, which were less porous. In vivo bioavailability of MIPs was examined by measuring body weight gain and red blood cell-related parameters, compared with the bioavailability of standard drug ferrous sulfate in iron-deficient anemic rats. Finally, average hemoglobin content and hemoglobin regeneration efficiency were significantly higher in anemic rats supplemented with commercial iron particles, compared to anemic controls. In the 28-day oral toxicity test, MIPs were not significantly toxic to rat physiology or tissue histopathology. Thus, MIPs may allow effective recovery of hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia.

Herbs as a dietary source of iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
Swarnim Gupta ◽  
Krishnapillai Madhavan Nair ◽  
Ravinder Punjal ◽  
Ananthan Rajendran ◽  
Raghu Pullakhandam
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Amaranthus Paniculatus

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to screen for iron bioavailability and absorption-promoting activity in selected herbs. Evidence is needed to promote and practice food-based strategies such as use of plants or their parts for treating iron deficiency anemia. Design/methodology/approach – Eight Indian herbs, considered to be iron rich and/or hematinic, namely, Boerhavia diffusa, Trachyspermum ammi, Amaranthus paniculatus, Lepidium sativum, Medicago sativa, Asparagus racemosus, Sesamum indicum and Piper longum, were selected. Their mineral composition and phytate and tannin contents were analyzed. Endogenous iron bioavailability was assessed in human enterocyte cell line model, Caco-2 cells, using cellular ferritin induction. Iron absorption-promoting activity was tested similarly in two herbs and their mineral extract by the addition of exogenous iron or ascorbic acid. Findings – Based on compositional analysis, B. diffusa, L. sativum and T. ammi had high iron (> 40 mg/100 g) and tannin/phytate. A. paniculatus, M. sativa, P. longum, S. indicum had low iron (10-15 mg/100 g) with high phytate and tannin. A. racemosus had 38 mg/100 g iron and low phytate and tannin. None of the herbs induced Caco-2 cell ferritin, indicating poor endogenous iron bioavailability. Mineral solutions of, two contrasting herbs (inhibitor content), B. diffusa and A. racemosus induced ferritin with ascorbic acid and not with exogenous iron, suggesting that these are devoid of iron absorption-promoting activity. Practical implications – Incorporation of such herbs in diets may enhance iron content but not its bioavailability. Originality/value – Selected edible herbs have been screened for iron bioavailability and its absorption-promoting activity. This has implications in planning evidence-based strategies to correct iron deficiency in general population.

scholarly journals New Era in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia Using Trimaltol Iron and Other Lipophilic Iron Chelator Complexes: Historical Perspectives of Discovery and Future Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5546
Author(s):  
George Kontoghiorghes ◽  
Annita Kolnagou ◽  
Theodora Demetriou ◽  
Marina Neocleous ◽  
Christina Kontoghiorghe
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Complexes ◽  
Iron Complex ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
New Era ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia

The trimaltol iron complex (International Non-proprietary Name: ferric maltol) was originally designed, synthesised, and screened in vitro and in vivo in 1980–1981 by Kontoghiorghes G.J. following his discovery of the novel alpha-ketohydroxyheteroaromatic (KHP) class of iron chelators (1978–1981), which were intended for clinical use, including the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Iron deficiency anaemia is a global health problem affecting about one-third of the world’s population. Many (and different) ferrous and ferric iron complex formulations are widely available and sold worldwide over the counter for the treatment of IDA. Almost all such complexes suffer from instability in the acidic environment of the stomach and competition from other dietary molecules or drugs. Natural and synthetic lipophilic KHP chelators, including maltol, have been shown in in vitro and in vivo studies to form stable iron complexes, to transfer iron across cell membranes, and to increase iron absorption in animals. Trimaltol iron, sold as Feraccru or Accrufer, was recently approved for clinical use in IDA patients in many countries, including the USA and in EU countries, and was shown to be effective and safe, with a better therapeutic index in comparison to other iron formulations. Similar properties of increased iron absorption were also shown by lipophilic iron complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline, tropolone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-1-oxide, and related analogues. The interactions of the KHP iron complexes with natural chelators, drugs, metal ions, proteins, and other molecules appear to affect the pharmacological and metabolic effects of both iron and the KHP chelators. A new era in the treatment of IDA and other possible clinical applications, such as theranostic and anticancer formulations and metal radiotracers in diagnostic medicine, are envisaged from the introduction of maltol, KHP, and similar lipophilic chelators.

scholarly journals Sideroblasts

Blood ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENE KAPLAN ◽  
WOLF W. ZUELZER ◽  
CLAUDE MOURIQUAND
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hematologic Disorders ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Marrow Cultures

Abstract Bone marrow specimens from a large group of infants and children were studied with the prussian blue stain. Iron-staining granules were present in the normoblasts of all the subjects studied, including normal individuals and those with a large variety of hematologic disorders. The term sideroblast was proposed for normoblasts with nonstaining inclusions. The profound decrease in sideroblasts in iron deficiency anemia and their prompt increase following both iron therapy in vivo and the addition of iron to marrow cultures in vitro indicated that the estimation of normoblast iron granules provides a sensitive index of the availability of iron. In thalassemia and in lead poisoning, hemoglobindeficient erythrocytes were found despite the presence of abundant iron granules within the normoblasts. The presens of stainable nonhemoglobin iron in red cell precursors is a normal phenomenon and provides a useful adjunct for the study of iron metabolism.

scholarly journals Glycolysis and Lactate Dehydrogenase A in Iron-Mediated Suppression of Osteoblast Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Hunter ◽  
Daniel Edwards ◽  
Christopher Miller ◽  
Erica Clinkenbeard
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Osteoblast Function

Background/Objective:   An estimated 37 million Americans have Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a condition in characterized by gradual decline in kidney function1. Patients with CKD are often afflicted with skeletal fractures, increasing morbidity and mortality. CKD has also shown a strong correlation with iron-deficiency anemia. The underlying mechanisms of how iron-deficiency anemia of CKD affects bone loss are not well understood. Based on RNA-sequencing results, we hypothesize that lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) may play a role in iron-deficiency mediated suppression of osteoblast differentiation and function.    Methods:   Mouse Progenitor Cells (MPC2) were incubated in osteogenic media along with deferoxamine (DFO) to induce differentiation in chronic iron deficiency; samples were collected after 7 and 14 days. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to validate LDHA mRNA and protein levels in DFO treated MPCs versus control cells. RNA levels of osteoblast genes and LDHA were also assessed in a pre-clinical mouse model of CKD.    Results:   In vitro, MPCs cultured in DFO media showed a significant increase of LDHA mRNA at 7 days (p=0.015) and returned to near control levels by day 14. Western blots showed a slight increase of total LDHA protein in DFO treated MPCs at 7 days and a large increase of protein at the 14-day mark (p=0.051). In vivo, CKD bone marrow showed a reduction in osteoblast gene expression (osteocalcin and type 1 collagen; p<0.05). LDHA mRNA expression was increased in CKD mice bone marrow when compared to wild-type mice (p=0.051), suggesting an inverse relationship.    Conclusion and Potential Impact:   Inappropriate activation of glycolysis and LDHA appears to play a role in iron-deficiency mediated suppression of osteoblast function in relation to CKD, both in vitro and in vivo. Further exploration of this relationship could be critical to the development of improved treatment options to maintain bone homeostasis during CKD. 

In vitro and in vivo reduction of erythrocyte sorbitol by ascorbic acid

Diabetes ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Vinson ◽  
M. E. Staretz ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
H. M. Kassm ◽  
B. S. Basalyga
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7202
Author(s):  
Tamara Bruna ◽  
Francisca Maldonado-Bravo ◽  
Paul Jara ◽  
Nelson Caro
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been imposed as an excellent antimicrobial agent being able to combat bacteria in vitro and in vivo causing infections. The antibacterial capacity of AgNPs covers Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains. AgNPs exhibit multiple and simultaneous mechanisms of action and in combination with antibacterial agents as organic compounds or antibiotics it has shown synergistic effect against pathogens bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles make them suitable for their application in medical and healthcare products where they may treat infections or prevent them efficiently. With the urgent need for new efficient antibacterial agents, this review aims to establish factors affecting antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles, as well as to expose the advantages of using AgNPs as new antibacterial agents in combination with antibiotic, which will reduce the dosage needed and prevent secondary effects associated to both.

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