Plasmatic diatrizoate-I131 disappearance and glomerular filtration in the dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Donald Blaufox ◽  
David R. Sanderson ◽  
W. Newlon Tauxe ◽  
Khalil G. Wakim ◽  
Alan L. Orvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Intravenous Injections

A study was made of the disappearance of sodium diatrizoate-I131 from the plasma of ten dogs after single intravenous injections. The plasma disappearance curves suggested a two-compartment system. The renal plasma clearance of diatrizoate-I131 calculated from these curves and the conventional renal plasma clearance of creatinine were not statistically different. Clearances calculated from the urinary excretion and midperiod plasma concentration of radioactivity in four experiments yielded values averaging 10% less than the creatinine clearance. Chromatographic studies of commercially available diatrizoate-I131 revealed the presence of about 5% free iodide and of about 5% of unidentified impurities. These impurities seem to account, partly at least, for the differences found between diatrizoate clearance and creatinine clearance. Biliary excretion and erythrocytic uptake of diatrizoate were minimal and did not appear to influence the analysis.

scholarly journals MYOHEMOGLOBINURIA

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Yuile ◽  
William F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
A Value ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin

When myohemoglobin is injected intravenously into dogs, in amounts ranging from 0.75 to 1.50 gm., it is rapidly eliminated from the plasma and approximately 65 per cent is excreted by the kidneys in from 1½ to 2½ hours. Myohemoglobin does not appear in the urine below a threshold plasma concentration which is slightly under 20 mg. per 100 cc. but above this level the rate of renal excretion is directly proportional to the plasma concentration. The maximum myohemoglobin/creatinine clearance ratio averages 0.58 contrasted with a value of 0.023 for blood hemoglobin. This indicates that the rate of renal clearance of myohemoglobin is twenty-five times more rapid than that of blood hemoglobin. Evidence is presented that the excretory mechanism is essentially similar for the two substances but that differences in molecular weight account for different rates of glomerular filtration.

scholarly journals The Plasma Clearance and Urinary Excretion of Parenterally Administered 58Co B12

Blood ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. MOLLIN ◽  
W. R. PITNEY ◽  
S. J. BAKER ◽  
J. E. BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Abstract Intravenous injections of 1.5 µg. of 58Co B12 were given to subjects with normal serum B12 concentrations, to patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and to patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. The rate of plasma clearance of radioactivity after this dose was slowest in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia and patients with pernicious anemia in severe relapse. In patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, serum B12 concentrations were estimated microbiologically at frequent intervals after the injection. There was a good correlation between the results obtained by microbiological assay and as calculated from plasma radioactivity. Significant differences were not observed between the urinary excretion of radioactivity by normal subjects and patients with B12 deficiency.

scholarly journals The excretion of selenium in bile and urine of steers: the influence of form and amount of Se salt

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Symonds ◽  
Denise L. Mather ◽  
M. J. Vagg
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Dosage

1. The excretion of 75Se and stable Se in bile and urine was measured in four steers during 6 h after intravenous injections of 75Se as either selenite or selenate containing either 5 or 5000 μg carrier Se.2. When 5000 μg Se were given, the rate of urinary excretion and plasma clearance of 75Se was similar for both salts. Approximately 23% was excreted in urine and plasma clearance was triexponential, the mean half-life (t½) of the successive components, α, β and γ, being 2·3, 15·2 and 465 min respectively. The amount of 75Se excreted in bile was small; 1·94% of the 75SeO32− and 0·86% of the 75SeO42− dose.3. When 5 μg Se were given the plasma clearance of 75Se was initially biexponential but the entry of 75Se-labelled protein from the liver caused an increase in plasma radioactivity after 30–40 min. The effect was most marked after 5 μg 75SeO32− when plasma 75Se radioactivity returned to 60% of the activity present at 2 min. Values for t½ of the two components of clearance for 75SeO32− and 75SeO42− were respectively α 2·6 and 2·5 min, and β 15·9 and 36·6 min. Similar amounts of 75Se appeared in bile (0·2% of the dose) after injections of either salt but much less 75Se was excreted in urine after 75SeO32− (6%) than after 75SeO42− (37%).4. At low dosage rates (5 μg) Se is more readily incorporated into tissues from SeO32− than from SeO42−.

scholarly journals Effect of L-cysteine on plasma concentration and urinary excretion of 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil metabolites.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1071
Author(s):  
Nobuo KAWABATA ◽  
Kenichi YANO ◽  
Hiromitsu OHNO ◽  
Toshiaki NAKASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion

Net urate reabsorption in the Dalmatian coach hound with a note on automated measurement of urate in species with low plasma urate

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Moulin ◽  
P. Vinay ◽  
N. Duong ◽  
A. Gougoux ◽  
G. Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Plasma Urate ◽  
Urate Reabsorption ◽  
Dalmatian Dog ◽  
Pyrazinoic Acid

A progressive reduction of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate induced by the stepwise clamping of a Goldblatt clamp increases the urate over creatinine clearance ratio from 1.2 to 1.9 in normal urate-secreting Dalmatian dogs. These clearance data support the existence of a predominant postreabsorptive secretory flux of urate in the normal Dalmatian dog. In contrast, in Dalmatians loaded with pyrazinoic acid which suppresses urate secretion, net reabsorption of urate is unmasked and the urate over creatinine clearance ratio decreases with the progressive reduction in glomerular filtration rate (down to 0.44). It is concluded that the net reabsorption of urate measured by conventional clearance techniques after pharmacologic depression of the urate secretory flux probably reflects true urate reabsorption in the nephron of this species.

Urinary calculi formation in sheep on high wheat grain diets

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Godwin ◽  
VJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
The Third ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

The effects of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents of diets containing different proportions of wheat grain to roughage on the excretion of minerals involved in urinary calculi formation by sheep, were examined in three separate studies: the first, with six sheep, determined the effects of increasing the percentage of wheat grain in the diet on the digestibilities of Ca, P and Mg, the excretion of these three elements in urine and on the propensity of the diets to form calculi; the second involved two sheep and studied the effects of supplementing a 90% grain diet with CaCO3 and roughage on faecal and urinary excretion of Ca, P and Mg; the third was carried out using four sheep fed on a 75 % grain diet and examined the effects of supplementation with extra P, Ca and roughage on Ca, P and Mg excretion. Urinary P concentration was directly correlated with the formation of calculi. Plasma inorganic phosphorus (P,) increased when grain in the diet was 75 % or greater and this led to increased urinary P excretion. The addition of CaCO3 reduced urinary P without large changes in plasma P1 and increased the faecal output of P. Extra roughage added to high grain diets reduced the digestibility of both Ca and P and the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of P. The significance of these findings for the prevention of urinary calculi in sheep is discussed.

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