scholarly journals Effect of L-cysteine on plasma concentration and urinary excretion of 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil metabolites.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1071
Author(s):  
Nobuo KAWABATA ◽  
Kenichi YANO ◽  
Hiromitsu OHNO ◽  
Toshiaki NAKASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion

Urinary calculi formation in sheep on high wheat grain diets

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Godwin ◽  
VJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
The Third ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

The effects of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents of diets containing different proportions of wheat grain to roughage on the excretion of minerals involved in urinary calculi formation by sheep, were examined in three separate studies: the first, with six sheep, determined the effects of increasing the percentage of wheat grain in the diet on the digestibilities of Ca, P and Mg, the excretion of these three elements in urine and on the propensity of the diets to form calculi; the second involved two sheep and studied the effects of supplementing a 90% grain diet with CaCO3 and roughage on faecal and urinary excretion of Ca, P and Mg; the third was carried out using four sheep fed on a 75 % grain diet and examined the effects of supplementation with extra P, Ca and roughage on Ca, P and Mg excretion. Urinary P concentration was directly correlated with the formation of calculi. Plasma inorganic phosphorus (P,) increased when grain in the diet was 75 % or greater and this led to increased urinary P excretion. The addition of CaCO3 reduced urinary P without large changes in plasma P1 and increased the faecal output of P. Extra roughage added to high grain diets reduced the digestibility of both Ca and P and the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of P. The significance of these findings for the prevention of urinary calculi in sheep is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Isoflavones Among Dietary Intake, Plasma Concentration and Urinary Excretion for Accurate Estimation of Phytoestrogen Intake

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Arai ◽  
Mariko Uehara ◽  
Yuho Sato ◽  
Mitsuru Kimira ◽  
Akira Eboshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Accurate Estimation

ANDROGEN METABOLISM IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 11 β-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
S. Douglas Frasier ◽  
Richard Horton ◽  
Robert A. Ulstrom
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Glucocorticoid Administration

The plasma concentration of androstenedione and testosterone, metabolic clearance rate of androstenedione, and in vivo conversion ratio of androstenedione to testosterone have been studied in a normotensive 5-year-old female with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to a deficiency of 11 β-hydroxylase. Prior to glucocorticoid administration, the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids varied from 2.2 to 4.9 mg/24 hours, urinary excretion of pregnanetriol varied from 0.7 to 2.2 mg/24 hours, and total 17-hydroxysteroid excretion varied from 1.2 to 7.5 mg/24 hours. Urinary tetrahydro-11-deoxy cortisol (TSH) was detected at a concentration of 550 µg/24 hours. The plasma concentration of androstenedione varied from 100 to 530 mµg/100 ml and the plasma concentration of testosterone varied from 40 to 90 mµg/100 ml. These values are significantly elevated when compared to those obtained in normal prepubertal females. Urinary steroid excretion and plasma androgen concentrations fell to normal in response to glucocorticoid administration. The metabolic clearance rate of androstenedione was 890 liters per day per M2 and the in vivo conversion ratio of androstenedione to testosterone was 11%. The calculated production rate of androstenedione was 4.7 mg per day per M2. Virilization in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 β-hydroxylase deficiency can be explained by an elevated plasma concentration of testosterone, which can be accounted for on the basis of conversion from androstenedione.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of epidoxorubicin and doxorubicin in humans.

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mross ◽  
P Maessen ◽  
W J van der Vijgh ◽  
H Gall ◽  
E Boven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Cumulative Urinary Excretion ◽  
Second Peak

Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (DOX), epidoxorubicin (EPI), and their metabolites in plasma have been performed in eight patients receiving 40 to 56 mg/m2 of both anthracyclines as a bolus injection in two sequential cycles. Terminal half-life and volume of distribution appeared to be smaller in case of EPI, whereas plasma clearance and cumulative urinary excretion was larger in comparison to DOX. The major metabolite of DOX was doxorubicinol (Aol) followed by 7-deoxy-doxorubicinol (7d-Aolon). Metabolism to glucuronides was found in case of EPI only. The area under the curves (AUC) of the metabolites of EPI decreased in the order of the glucoronides E-glu greater than Eol-glu, 7d-Aolon greater than epirubicinol (Eol). The AUC of Eol was half of the value in its counterpart Aol. In the case of EPI, the AUC of 7d-Aolon was twice the level of that of the corresponding metabolite of DOX. The terminal half-lives of the cytostatic metabolites Aol and Eol were similar, but longer than the corresponding values of their parent drugs. Half-lives of the glucuronides (E-glu, Eol-glu) were similar to the half-life of their parent drug. 7d-Aolon had a somewhat shorter half-life in comparison to both DOX and EPI. Approximately 6.2% of EPI and 5.9% of DOX were excreted by the kidney during the initial 48 hours. Aol was found in the urine of patients treated with DOX, whereas Eol, E-glu, and Eol-glu were detected in urine of patients treated with EPI. The cumulative urinary excretion appeared to be 10.5% for EPI and its metabolites, and 6.9% for DOX and its metabolite. The plasma concentration v time curves of (7d)-aglycones showed a second peak between two and 12 hours after injection, suggesting an enterohepatic circulation for metabolites lacking the daunosamine sugar moiety. The plasma concentrations of the glucuronides were maximal at 1.2 hours for E-glu and 1.9 hours for Eol-glu. All other compounds reached their maximum plasma concentration during the first minutes after the administration of DOX and EPI. Deviating plasma kinetics were observed in one patient, probably due to prior drug administration.

scholarly journals Plasma endothelin and renal endothelin are two distinct systems involved in volume homeostasis

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. H1829-H1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Serneri ◽  
P. A. Modesti ◽  
I. Cecioni ◽  
D. Biagini ◽  
A. Migliorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Local Formation ◽  
Young Subjects

This study of seven healthy young subjects was designed both to establish whether endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the homeostasis of blood volume and to clarify the relationship between plasma and urinary ET-1. Acute volume expansion (+17%) caused increases in venous blood pressure (+4.4 mmHg) and the plasma concentration of ET-1 (+129%) and a decrease (-99%) in the urinary excretion of ET-1. Volume depletion (-8.5%) provoked an increase in the plasma concentration of ET-1 without altering the urinary excretion of ET-1. Passive elevation of an arm resulting in a local decrease of venous blood pressure (-17 mmHg) elicited an increase of the local formation of ET-1, with a 10-fold increase in the venous-arterial gradient compared with the opposite arm, which lay at the level of the heart. The increased local formation of ET-1 was blunted by volume expansion. The results indicate that 1) plasma ET-1 and urinary ET-1 represent two different endothelin-generating systems, both of which are involved in the regulation of blood volume, and 2) plasma ET-1 appears to be an important mechanism for the long-lasting adaptations of venous wall tension to changes in blood volume.

Plasma concentration and urinary excretion of certain electrolytes during supine work.

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aurell ◽  
M Carlsson ◽  
G Grimby ◽  
B Hood
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion
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