Influence of fasting and refeeding on response of adipose tissue to insulin

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fasting And Refeeding

The glucose uptake, lactic acid production, and net gas exchange has been measured in adipose tissue from fed, fasted, or fasted and refed rats with and without insulin addition in vitro. Unstimulated adipose tissue from fasted and from fasted and refed rats showed a decreased capacity to take up glucose in vitro and a more negative net gas exchange than similar tissue from fed control animals. Insulin added in vitro increased the glucose uptake and CO2 excess in adipose tissue from fed, fasted, and refed rats, but the response with tissue from refed rats was several times that of the other groups. It is concluded that insulin is required for the marked increase in glucose metabolism associated with the refeeding regimen.

THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE UPTAKE OF MONOSACCHARIDES BY THE RAT LENS

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUTH LEVARI ◽  
W. KORNBLUETH ◽  
E. WERTHEIMER
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY 1. A direct stimulatory effect of insulin, in vitro, on the uptake of galactose, glucosamine and some pentoses by the intact lens, has been established. Stimulation of glucose uptake is perceptible only under certain conditions, and was more pronounced in a medium of bicarbonate buffer than in phosphate. 2. Insulin increased lactic acid production from glucose and from galactose. 3. Chronic diabetes decreased galactose uptake. Insulin, in vitro, restored the uptake to the level of that of normal rat lenses. 4. Phloridzin was found to cancel the effect of insulin. 5. The increase in uptake by insulin was of the same order of magnitude for glucose and galactose, irrespective of the total uptake. The decrease in uptake due to diabetes was quantitatively the same as the increase by insulin in normal rat lenses. The effect of insulin on lactic acid production was identical for both hexoses. 6. The possible existence of two pathways of glucose uptake in the rat lens is discussed.

Insulin binding and sensitivity in rat skeletal muscle: effect of starvation

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. E184-E190 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Brady ◽  
M. N. Goodman ◽  
F. N. Kalish ◽  
N. B. Ruderman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity

In contrast to adipose tissue and heart, the in vitro sensitivity of skeletal muscle to insulin is enhanced by starvation. To determine the basis for this, insulin binding and its ability to stimulate glucose metabolism were examined in the incubated rat soleus. In solei from 50-g rats, starvation for 48 h enhanced insulin binding by 50-100% at concentrations of 100 ng/ml or less. Starvation also resulted in higher basal and insulin-stimulated rates of glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, and glucose uptake. The enhanced effect of insulin only occurred at concentrations less than 50-75 ng/ml, in keeping with the increased binding of insulin in this concentration range. On the other hand, under conditions in which binding at equilibrium was the same, glucose uptake was still higher in the starved group, suggesting that some postreceptor event may have been more sensitive to insulin. These studies confirm that the in vitro sensitivity of rat skeletal muscle to insulin is enhanced by 48 h of starvation. They suggest that this is due at least partially to an increase in insulin binding at physiological concentrations.

scholarly journals Protective effect of titanium tetrafluoride and silver diamine fluoride on radiation-induced dentin caries in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Martines de Souza ◽  
Mayara Souza Silva ◽  
Aline Silva Braga ◽  
Patrícia Sanches Kerges Bueno ◽  
Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Titanium Tetrafluoride ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Radiation Induced

AbstractThis in vitro study evaluated the protective effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution on the radiation-induced dentin caries. Bovine root dentin samples were irradiated (70 Gy) and treated as follows: (6 h): 4% TiF4 varnish; 5.42% NaF varnish; 30% SDF solution; placebo varnish; or untreated (negative control). Microcosm biofilm was produced from human dental biofilm (from patients with head-neck cancer) mixed with McBain saliva for the first 8 h. After 16 h and from day 2 to day 5, McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) was replaced daily (37 °C, 5% CO2) (biological triplicate). Demineralization was quantified by transverse microradiography (TMR), while biofilm was analyzed by using viability, colony-forming units (CFU) counting and lactic acid production assays. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (p < 0.05). TiF4 and SDF were able to reduce mineral loss compared to placebo and the negative control. TiF4 and SDF significantly reduced the biofilm viability compared to negative control. TiF4 significantly reduced the CFU count of total microorganism, while only SDF affected total streptococci and mutans streptococci counts. The varnishes induced a reduction in lactic acid production compared to the negative control. TiF4 and SDF may be good alternatives to control the development of radiation-induced dentin caries.

scholarly journals GLUCOSE CONSUMPTION AND LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION BY ERYTHROCYTES FROM DOUBLE-MUSCLED CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. BASARAB ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
J. R. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Breed Group

The in vitro glucose consumption and lactic acid production by erythrocytes from 20 cattle of a Beef Synthetic (SY) breed group and 25 cattle of a double-muscled (DM) breed group were determined. There were three age groups and two sexes within each breed group. Animals within the DM breed group were categorized as either phenotypically normal- to moderate-muscled (DM carriers) or extreme-muscled (extreme DM) based on the phenotypic expression of the double-muscling trait and on their breeding history. Both DM phenotypes had higher (P < 0.01) erythrocyte glucose consumption and lactic acid production than normal-muscled, noncarrier cattle of the SY breed group. Extreme DM cattle were not different (P > 0.05) in either their erythrocyte glucose consumption or lactic acid production compared with DM carriers. No difference (P > 0.05) due to breed or phenotype was observed in the molar ratio of lactic acid produced to glucose consumed by erythrocytes. These results suggest that carriers of the Double Muscled Syndrome, regardless of phenotypic expression of the double-muscling trait, have a higher rate of erythrocyte glycolysis than normal cattle. Key words: Cattle, double muscled, erythrocyte, glucose, lactic acid

Carbohydrate Metabolism of Chick Fibroblasts in Vitro

1942 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-256
Author(s):  
E. N. WILLMER
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Correlation ◽  
Heart Cultures

1. The glucose consumption of osteoblasts growing in a medium of plasma and embryo juice has been compared with that of the same cells in plasma and Tyrode medium. Embryo juice causes an initial increased glucose consumption which later falls below the level characteristic of a Tyrode-plasma medium. 2. A modification of a method of measuring the nucleoprotein phosphorus content of tissue cultures is described and among other data obtained the changes which occur in this figure have been noted for fourth passage chick osteoblast cultures and for fresh heart explants during the first 4 days of culture in media of plasma and Tyrode and of plasma and embryo juice. 3. The figures for nucleoprotein content have been correlated with those for glucose consumption and lactic acid production and pronounced differences have been observed in the behaviour of the two types of tissue. The possible significance of the findings is discussed. 4. There is no absolute correlation between high growth rate and high sugar consumption or lactic acid production. 5. The data discussed are consistent with the idea that an increased protein metabolism, and a decreased carbohydrate metabolism result from the addition of embryo juice to osteoblast cultures. Embryo juice has no detectable effects on the carbohydrate metabolism of fresh heart cultures.

Stimulation of Lactic Acid Production in Vitro from Prepubertal Rat Ovaries by Gonadotropins and Their Subunits1

Endocrinology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN WALKER FARMER ◽  
M. R. SAIRAM ◽  
HAROLD PAPKOFF
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Respiration and Glycolysis of Normal Human Lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARL J. HEDESKOV ◽  
VIGGO ESMANN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Crowding Effect ◽  
Normal Human

Abstract The metabolism of intact, normal, human lymphocytes in vitro was studied from a total of 80 subjects. Corrected for the metabolism of contaminating red blood cells, the glucose uptake, lactic acid production, and oxygen consumption were 62, 95, and 117 µmoles per 1010 lymphocytes per hour, respectively, provided the cells were incubated at concentrations greater than 40 x 106 lymphocytes per ml. At lower lymphocyte concentrations the oxygen consumption per lymphocyte rose steeply with decreasing cell concentration (crowding effect). A similar but weaker crowding effect was noted for the lactic acid production, but not for the utilization of glucose. The oxygen uptake was lower with 20 per cent than with 100 per cent oxygen as gas phase. Small Pasteur and Crabtree effects were demonstrated. The oxygen consumption and lactic acid production proceeded linear with time, while the glucose utilization was higher during the first 30 minutes of incubation than later on. It is concluded that lymphocytes have a low aerobic glycolysis accounting for 75 per cent of the glucose utilization. The respiration is severely inhibited at high cell concentrations and it is suggested that this is caused by an insufficient availability of oxygen to the cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document