Influence of plasma bicarbonate concentration and pH on citrate excretion

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Base Balance

Citrate excretion has been studied in dogs under various conditions of acid-base balance in order to determine which factors are responsible for the increased citrate clearance present in metabolic alkalosis. A close relationship, significantly modified by systemic pH, was found between plasma bicarbonate concentration and citrate clearance. In the presence of an alkaline plasma pH, there was a linear relationship between changes in plasma bicarbonate concentration and changes in citrate clearance. Other experiments also demonstrated the influence of plasma bicarbonate concentration on citrate clearance at alkaline pH. Under acidotic conditions citrate clearances were low and changes in plasma bicarbonate concentration had little effect on citrate excretion. A change in plasma pH from an acidotic to an alkalotic state, with a constant plasma bicarbonate concentration, produced an increase in citrate clearance. Thus the coexistence in metabolic alkalosis of high plasma bicarbonate concentration and high plasma pH results in a markedly increased citrate clearance.

Complementary role of citrate and bicarbonate excretion in acid-base balance in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
pp. F182-F187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Kaufman ◽  
T. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Chloride Depletion ◽  
Base Balance

Studies were performed to evaluate whether alterations in the excretion of citrate, a metabolic precursor of bicarbonate, play a quantitatively important role in acid-base balance during bicarbonate feeding in the rat. Potassium depletion (K-DEPL), chloride depletion (Cl-DEPL), or potassium plus chloride depletion (KCl-DEPL) was produced by eliminating potassium, chloride, or potassium chloride from the diet. After 3 days of depletion, sodium bicarbonate (4,000 mueq/24 h) was added to the diet for 7 days. In all groups plasma bicarbonate concentration increased minimally during bicarbonate administration and was similar to normal controls receiving bicarbonate. In K-DEPL, citrate excretion was less than normal but bicarbonate excretion was greater than normal. In Cl-DEPL, bicarbonate excretion was less than normal but citrate excretion was greater than normal. In KCl-DEPL, bicarbonate and citrate excretion were similar to normal. Sodium bicarbonate was also administered to K-DEPL and KCl-DEPL rats in which plasma bicarbonate concentration averaged 32.9 meq/1. The reciprocal relationship between citrate and bicarbonate excretion was not altered by the profound metabolic alkalosis. Again, plasma bicarbonate concentration changed little with sodium bicarbonate administration. These studies suggest that the ability to excrete a base load remains intact despite potassium or chloride depletion or metabolic alkalosis. Complementary alterations of citrate and bicarbonate excretion play an important role in acid-base balance under these conditions.

Acid-Base Balance with Different Capd Solutions

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Feriani ◽  
Claudio Ronco ◽  
Giuseppe La Greca
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Base Balance

Our objective is to investigate transperitoneal buffer fluxes with solution containing lactate and bicarbonate, and to compare the final effect on body base balance of the two solutions. One hundred and four exchanges, using different dwell times, were performed in 52 stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Dialysate effluent lactate and bicarbonate and volumes were measured. Net dialytic base gain was calculated. Patients’ acid-base status and plasma lactate were determined. In lactate-buffered CAPD solution, lactate concentration in dialysate effluent inversely correlated with length of dwell time, but did not correlate with plasma lactate concentration and net ultrafiltration. Bicarbonate concentration in dialysate effluent correlated with plasma bicarbonate and dwell time but not with ultrafiltration. The arithmetic sum of the lactate gain and bicarbonate loss yielded the net dialytic base gain. Ultrafiltration was the most important factor affecting net dialytic base gain. A previous study demonstrated that in patients using a bicarbonate-buffered solution the net bicarbonate gain is a function of dwell time, ultrafiltration, and plasma bicarbonate. By combining the predicted data of the dialytic base gain with the calculated metabolic acid production, an approximate body base balance could be obtained with both lactate and bicarbonate-buffered CAPD solutions. The body base balance in CAPD patients is self-regulated by the feedback between plasma bicarbonate concentration and dialytic base gain. The level of plasma bicarbonate is determined by the dialytic base gain and the metabolic acid production. This can explain the large interpatient variability in acid-base correction. Bicarbonate-buffered CAPD solution is equal to lactate solution in correcting acid-base disorders of CAPD patients.

Practical Evaluation of Acid-Base Balance

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Herbert P Jacobi ◽  
Anthony J Barak ◽  
Meyer Beber
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
Base Balance

Abstract The Co2 combining power bears a variable relationship to the in vivo plasma bicarbonate concentration, depending upon the type and severity of acid-base distortion. In respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis the Co2 combining power will usually be greater than the in vivo plasma bicarbonate concentration; whereas, in respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis the Co2 combining power will usually be less. Co2 content, on the other hand, will always parallel the in vivo plasma bicarbonate concentration quite closely, being only slightly greater. These facts, together with other considerations which are discussed, recommend the abandonment of the determination of CO2 combining power.

Role of citrate excretion in acid-base balance in diuretic-induced alkalosis in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. F796-F803 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Kaufman ◽  
C. Brod-Miller ◽  
T. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Base Line ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Furosemide Administration ◽  
Net Acid Excretion

Studies were performed to assess the role of changes in the excretion of citrate, a metabolic precursor of bicarbonate, in acid-base balance in diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis. Rats on a low-chloride diet with sodium sulfate added were studied during a base-line period, 3 days of furosemide administration, and 4 days post-furosemide. During the period of furosemide administration, net acid excretion and plasma bicarbonate concentration increased. In the post-furosemide period, net acid excretion remained higher than base line but plasma bicarbonate concentration did not increase further. Citrate excretion was significantly higher in the post-furosemide period than in base line. Studies substituting sodium neutral phosphate or sodium bicarbonate for dietary sodium sulfate demonstrated greater increases in net acid excretion post-furosemide and, again, no increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration during this period. Citrate excretion was greater than in the sulfate group. The increment in citrate excretion was proportional to the base “load,” defined with respect to changes in net acid excretion and/or dietary bicarbonate. Thus, in these studies alterations of base excretion in the form of citrate play an important role in acid-base balance during diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis.

Acid-base balance and plasma composition in the aestivating lungfish (Protopterus)

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. R10-R17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. DeLaney ◽  
S. Lahiri ◽  
R. Hamilton ◽  
P. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Plasma Composition ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Base Balance

Upon entering into aestivation, Protopterus aethiopicus develops a respiratory acidosis. A slow compensatory increase in plasma bicarbonate suffices only to partially restore arterial pH toward normal. The cessation of water intake from the start of aestivation results in hemoconcentration and marked oliguria. The concentrations of most plasma constituents continue to increase progressively, and the electrolyte ratios change. The increase in urea concentration is disproportionately high for the degree of dehydration and constitutes an increasing fraction of total plasma osmolality. Acid-base and electrolyte balance do not reach a new equilibrium within 1 yr in the cocoon.

Effects of the Infusion Mode on Bicarbonate Balance in On-Line Hemodiafiltration

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Pedrini ◽  
V. De Cristofaro ◽  
B. Pagliari
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bicarbonate Transport ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Intermediate Results

Background Electrolyte and acid-base balance may be differently affected by the infusion mode in on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF). We studied the effects of the different infusion modes on bicarbonate transport across the dialyzer membrane, and thus on the final bicarbonate balance of the HDF sessions. Methods Instantaneous HCO3− transfer across the dialyzer membrane, blood bicarbonate profile and the total balance of the sessions were studied in six dialysis patients under the same operating conditions over 36 HDF sessions, in order to compare the effects of predilution HDF (pre-HDF), postdilution HDF (post-HDF), and mixed HDF on the final bicarbonate balance. Results The final HCO3− balance was more positive in post-HDF vs pre-HDF (142 ± 36 vs 99 ± 41 mmol/session, p<0.05), with a final blood HCO3− concentration of 26.6 ± 1.0 vs 25.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L, (p<0.05). Mixed HDF yielded intermediate results (balance: 119 ± 42 mmol/session, final HCO3− 26.2 (1.2 mmol/L). These differences were seen to result from the increased HCO3- concentration of blood entering the filter in predilution, due to the infused HCO3−, enhancing convective loss and reducing the driving force for diffusive HCO3− gain. Conclusions Bicarbonate concentration in dialysate-reinfusate is critical in order to obtain an adequate end of session HCO3− balance in on-line HDF. The predilution method produced the lowest cumulative net HCO3− gain between the three studied infusion modes. Our data suggest that, under the same operating conditions and excluding the effect of ultrafiltration, dialysate HCO3− should be increased by about 2 mmol/L in pre-HDF, and 1 mmol/L in mixed HDF, to yield the same final balance as in post-HDF.

Drugs influencing acid base balance and bicarbonate concentration readings

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Ingrid Jullian-Desayes ◽  
Jean-Christian Borel ◽  
Fabrice Guerber ◽  
Anne-Laure Borel ◽  
Renaud Tamisier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

scholarly journals Acid-base balance in acute ethylene glycol poisoning in rats treated with fomepizole

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Jędrzej Przystanowicz ◽  
Barbara Zielińska-Psuja ◽  
Joanna Kowalówka-Zawieja ◽  
Karina Sommerfeld
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Balance

Introduction. Ethylene glycol (EG) is relatively nontoxic but undergoes a multi-step oxidation to toxic metabolites, aldehydes and acids. The accumulation of organic acids, mainly glycolates, leads to the development of profound, life-threatening metabolic acidosis. A key therapy is an antidotal treatment with fomepizole (4-MP), the inhibitor of the first step of EG biotransformation enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase.Aim. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of fomepizole in the prevention of acid-base balance disorders in acute ethylene glycol poisonings in rats.Material and methods. Adult male Wistar rats were given EG (p.o.) with single (i.p.) or multiple (p.o.) doses of 4-MP (EG 3830 and 5745 mg/kg, respectively, 4-MP in single dose of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 hours). Blood gas analysis was performed and blood pH, bicarbonate concentration and base excess were evaluated.Results and conclusions. The single dose of 4-MP was effective in preventing a decrease in blood pH, bicarbonate concentration and base excess during the entire experimental period (pH 7.35 vs 7.21 at hour 12, bicarbonate concentration 27.2 vs 18.3 mmol/dm3 at hour 8, base excess 1.8 vs -8.2 mmol/dm3 at hour 18). The multiple administration of 4-MP started 2 hours after EG poisoning resulted in rapid restoration of proper values of acid- -base balance parameters. Fomepizole is highly efficacious in restraining the acid-base balance disorders which are concomitant with acute ethylene glycol poisonings.

Ventilatory response to chronic metabolic acidosis and alkalosis in the dog

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1640-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Madias ◽  
W. H. Bossert ◽  
H. J. Adrogue
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Oral Sodium ◽  
Chronic Change

Systematic data are not available with regard to the anticipated appropriate responses of arterial PCO2 to primary alterations in plasma bicarbonate concentration. In the present study, we attempted to rigorously characterize the ventilatory response to chronic metabolic acid-base disturbances of graded severity in the dog. Animals with metabolic acidosis produced by prolonged HCl feeding and metabolic alkalosis of three different modes of generation, i.e., diuretics (ethacrynic acid or chlorothiazide), gastric drainage, and administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (alone or in conjunction with oral sodium bicarbonate), were examined. The results indicate the existence of a significant and highly predictable ventilatory response to chronic metabolic acid-base disturbances. Moreover, the magnitude of the ventilatory response appears to be uniform throughout a wide spectrum of chronic metabolic acid-base disorders extending from severe metabolic acidosis to severe metabolic alkalosis; on average, arterial PCO2 is expected to change by 0.74 Torr for a 1-meq/l chronic change in plasma bicarbonate concentration of metabolic origin. Furthermore, the data suggest that the ventilatory response to chronic metabolic alkalosis is independent of the particular mode of generation.

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