Peripheral hypertension and alterations in pulmonary vascular regulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. L113-L118
Author(s):  
T. Burke-Wolin ◽  
P. Pino ◽  
M. Itani ◽  
M. Talerico ◽  
M. Pucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Regulation ◽  
Basal Tone ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase Activation

We have recently reported in normal isolated-perfused rat lungs that low basal tone appears to be regulated by nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and -independent mechanisms of soluble guanylate cyclase activation. In this study, we examined the role of NO in the regulation of pulmonary artery (PA) tone from rats with renin-dependent hypertension. Rats were made hypertensive by ligating the abdominal aorta above the left and below the right renal artery (aortic coarctation, AC). Mean arterial pressure significantly increased from 119 +/- 8.4 mmHg in control animals to 156 +/- 15 mmHg 7-14 days after AC surgery. PA pressures, however, remained unchanged (8.5 +/- 3.4 mmHg in control animals vs. 11 +/- 3.3 mmHg in AC animals). Hypoxic contractions in U-46619 precontracted isolated small PA (160-260 microns diameter) were significantly increased from 51 +/- 13 mg in the control group to 142 +/- 38 mg (P < or = 0.05) in AC animals. Nitro-L-arginine (NLA; 100 microM) contractions were also enhanced in the AC animal. The enhanced NLA response may correlate with an increase in endothelial cell NO synthase (NOS) as detected by Western blotting (132 +/- 28% of control; P < 0.05). These data suggest that, in this renin-dependent model of systemic hypertension, there is increased endothelial cell NOS activity that maintains low PA tone, preventing the lung from developing increased pressures.

scholarly journals The role of the basolateral amygdala in the perception of faces in natural contexts

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1693) ◽  
pp. 20150376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Hortensius ◽  
David Terburg ◽  
Barak Morgan ◽  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Jack van Honk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Context Processing ◽  
The Right

The amygdala is a complex structure that plays its role in perception and threat-related behaviour by activity of its specific nuclei and their separate networks. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we investigated the role of the basolateral amygdala in face and context processing. Five individuals with focal basolateral amygdala damage and 12 matched controls viewed fearful or neutral faces in a threatening or neutral context. We tested the hypothesis that basolateral amygdala damage modifies the relation between face and threatening context, triggering threat-related activation in the dorsal stream. The findings supported this hypothesis. First, activation was increased in the right precentral gyrus for threatening versus neutral scenes in the basolateral amygdala damage group compared with the control group. Second, activity in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, and left anterior inferior parietal lobule was enhanced for neutral faces presented in a threatening versus neutral scene in the group with basolateral amygdala damage compared with controls. These findings provide the first evidence for the neural consequences of basolateral amygdala damage during the processing of complex emotional situations.

scholarly journals Does demineralized bone matrix enhance tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in a rabbit model?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Yong Lee ◽  
Young-Mo Kim ◽  
Hyun-Dae Shin ◽  
Deuk-Soo Hwang ◽  
Yong-Bum Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Right ◽  
Demineralized Bone

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare the histologic outcomes after rotator cuff (RC) repair between with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) augmentation and without DBM and to evaluate the role of DBM for tendon-to-bone (TB) healing in a rabbit model. Methods Twenty-six adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to the control group (n = 13) or the DBM group (n = 13). A chronic RC tear was generated on the right shoulder of all rabbits. In the control group, RC repair was achieved by a standard transosseous technique. In the DBM group, RC repair was achieved using the same technique, and DBM was interposed between the cuff and bone. After 8 weeks, the RC tendon entheses from all rabbits were processed for gross and histologic examination. Results In the control group, the tendon midsubstance was disorganized with randomly and loosely arranged collagen fibers and rounded fibroblastic nuclei. The TB interface was predominantly fibrous with small regions of fibrocartilage, especially mineralized fibrocartilage. In the DBM group, the tendon midsubstance appeared normal and comprised densely arranged collagen fibers, with orientated crimped collagen fibers running in the longitudinal direction of the tendon. These fibers were interspersed with elongated fibroblast nuclei. The TB interface consisted of organized collagen fibers with large quantities of fibrocartilage and mineralized fibrocartilage. Conclusion DBM augmentation at the RC-to-bone interface enhances TB healing after RC repair.

Reduction of intrinsic sinoatrial frequency and norepinephrine response of the exercised rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hughson ◽  
John R. Sutton ◽  
J. Desmond Fitzgerald ◽  
Norman L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sinoatrial Node ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
The Right

Physical training is associated with a reduction of intrinsic sinoatrial activity; the present study examined the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in this reduction. Six groups of rats were studied for 10 weeks: inactive control; treadmill exercised; parasympathetic receptor blockade with atropine; exercise plus atropine; parasympathetic receptor stimulation with carbachol; and exercise plus carbachol. In vivo ISF (cardiac frequency 20 min after injection of propranolol and atropine) was measured at 3-week intervals. At the end of 10 weeks the right atrium was excised, in vitro measurements were made of ISF, and chronotropic dose–response curves to acetylcholine and norepinephrine were established. In vivo, ISF was reduced with time, the greatest reduction being found in the exercise plus atropine group; the treadmill-exercised and the atropine-treated groups also had a greater reduction than the control group. In vitro, no differences were observed in acetylcholine responses. The maximum norepinephrine chronotropic response was reduced in the treadmill-exercised and the exercise plus atropine groups. The maximum norepinephrine-induced frequency correlated with the in vitro ISF (r = 0.75). Thus, ISF was reduced with training, but this effect was independent of parasympathetic activity. The properties of the sinoatrial node which set ISF also influenced the maximum norepinephrine response.

Perception of Ambiguous Figure-Ground Patterns as a Function of past Experience

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Past Experience ◽  
Ambiguous Figure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Left Half ◽  
Esthetic Judgment ◽  
The Right

The role of past experience in influencing the perception of an ambiguous figure-ground (FG) was studied. The task was to state whether the left or right halves of FGs were seen as figures. For 15 Ss there was prior training comprising the esthetic judgment of the left half of each of these FGs, while 15 additional Ss judged the right half. A control group received no training ( N = 20). The majority of shapes perceived as the figure in the FGs were the shapes judged during the training ( p < .05). Based on the findings of this and previous work it was proposed that a change in FG organization cannot occur unless the shape seen as the ground acquires a greater degree of distinctiveness compared to the opposite shape.

Bilateral Tachistoscopic Word Perception in Aphasic and Normal Subjects

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Moore ◽  
William E. Weidner
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Word Perception ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebral Insult ◽  
Central Fixation

The present investigation examined the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in linguistic perception following left cerebral insult which had resulted in aphasia. Bilateral tachistoscopic procedures, employing a central fixation mark, were utilized to investigate the visual half-field preferences of 30 aphasic Ss, grouped relative to the amount of time since the onset of left cerebral insult, and a group of 10 normal, control Ss. Statistical analyses indicated a significant left visual half-field preference for the aphasic Ss. In contrast, a significant right visual half-field preference was revealed for the normal, control group. Results did not show a simple decrement in recognition scores of the aphasic Ss but rather a shift in visual-field preference relative to the normal Ss' preference.

scholarly journals Effects of stereotactic surgery on the anterior hypothalamus (HA) on the estrous cycle: Role of the dopaminergic system in spontaneous ovulation in the rat

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
José Luis Morán-Perales ◽  
Octavio Sánchez-García ◽  
Wendy Argelia García-Suástegui ◽  
Anabella Handal-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Anterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dopaminergic Receptors ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Estral Cycle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Follicular Selection

We evaluated the function of dopaminergic receptors (DAR) of the anterior hypothalamus (AH) on the estral cycle (EC) regulation and spontaneous ovulation by a single microinjection (MI) with the dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol (HLP) in adult rats. One hundred thirty nine rats that exhibit forth-day estral cycles (cyclic animals: CA) received a stereotaxic surgery (STXS) on the right, left or both AH sides and were distributed in three different groups with a MI of 1 µL of: HLP (15 µg) or dimethyl-sulfoxide (vehicle) or other false MI group. All the animals with STXS were sacrificed in next vaginal estrus (VE) exhibited and the ova shed (OS) counted. In sixteen AC, the OS were counted at VE and forming a control group. The STXS affected the animals EC: just 59/139 exhibited a short EC (SEC) with 4.6±0.1 days compared with 80/139 that exhibited a long EC (LEC) of 13.6±0.2 days. False or HLP MI diminished OS just in animals exhibiting a SEC. STXS affects neuroendocrine processes controlling EC length when cutting dorsal connections to AH. The DAR of the AH participate on ovarian mechanisms of follicular selection.

scholarly journals Hypervetilation syndrome as a risk factor of diastolic dysfunction among hypertension patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
I.V. Zarivna ◽  
V.A. Levchenko ◽  
I.P. Vakalyuk ◽  
M.V. Maksymyak ◽  
O.S. Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Concentric Hypertrophy ◽  
Eccentric Hypertrophy ◽  
Heart Disorders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stage 1

Hypertensive disease is one of the urgent problems in the modern cardiology. It is known that a huge variety of comorbid states influence the development of hypertensive disease, i. e. neurogenic hyperventilating syndrome. It is the sign and the marker of suprasegmental vegetative structures disorders that destabilize homeostasis, initiate the development of specific pathological processes, which are the base of somatization of hyperventilating disorders, including heart disorders. It led to research of structural and functional characteristics of the ventricles with the help of echocardiology among hypertensive patients with neurogenic hyperventilating syndrome. Ventricular dilation of cavities, mostly of the right one without thickening of the walls, was found in the patients with stage 1 hypertension disease (43.59 %). Dilation of the ventricular cavities was also revealed in hypertensive patients with stage 2 hypertension disease in 37.88% of cases. The next variations of remodeling were registered: concentric – in 10.61% of cases; concentric hypertrophy – in 22.73%; asymmetric hypertrophy – in 12.12%; eccentric remodeling and eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle – in 4.55% and 9.09% of patients, respectively. Thickening of the right ventricle wall was observed in 13.64% of patients. In the control group of patients without hypertonic syndrome, the signs of concentric and asymmetric hypertrophy were noticed in 10% of patients, eccentric – in 20%; extension of the left ventricle – in 20%. The assessment of the condition of transmitral and tricuspid flows revealed a significant increase in the number of cases, disorders, relaxation of the heart ventricles among hypertensive patients with neurogenic hyperventilating syndrome. It can be a sign of specific role of permanent hyperventilation in ventricle remodeling and mandatory systematic echocardiological control of these patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of Intraocular Pressure among Individuals with Systemic Hypertension and those with Normal Blood Pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Sanket Parajuli ◽  
Pooja Shrestha ◽  
Jeevan K Shrestha ◽  
Sadhana Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Systemic blood pressure, by far, is one of the most important factors that can have an effect on intraocular pressure. We have compared the intraocular pressure (IOP) among patients with systemic hypertension and those with normal blood pressure. Materials and methods: A hospital based case control study was conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 in the Ophthalmology outpatient department at Dhulikhel Hospital. A total of 100 patients with hypertension were included in the case group (hypertensive group) and 100 cases with no systemic or ocular disease were included in the control group (normotensive group). Mean intraocular pressures were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: Mean age of patients was 49.03 years in hypertensive group and 47.53 years in normotensive group. Mean IOP of the right eye in those with hypertension was 16.10 mmHg and in the left eye was 15.8 mmHg. Similarly mean IOP of the right eye in the normotensive group was 15.8 mmHg and the left eye was 16.2 mmHg. The difference between mean IOP of hypertensive and normotensive individuals was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence of ocular hypertension was found to be 7.5%. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between hypertensive and normotensive individuals. However, a statistically significant difference in IOP was noted between ‘hypertensive with controlled blood pressure’ and ‘hypertensive with uncontrolled BP’ indicating that high blood pressure may be associated with high IOP.

scholarly journals Expression of Early Growth Responsive Gene-1 in The Visual Cortex of Monocular Form Deprivation Amblyopic Kittens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haobo Fan ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiuping Tang ◽  
Liyuan Yang ◽  
Weiqi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deprivation Group ◽  
Mean Optical Density ◽  
Responsive Gene ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract Purpose The present study compared the expression of early growth responsive gene-1 (Egr-1) in visual cortex between amblyopia kittens and normal kittens, and to explore the role of Egr-1 in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. Methods A total of 20 healthy kittens were randomly divided into deprivation group and control group with 10 kittens in each group. Raised in natural light, and cover the right eye of the deprived kittens with a black opaque covering cloth. Pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) were measured before and at the 1st, 3rd and 5th week after covering in all kittens. After the last PVEP test, all kittens were killed. The expression of Egr-1 in the visual cortex of the two groups was compared by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results PVEP detection showed that at age of 6 and 8 weeks, the P100 wave latency in the right eye of deprivation group was higher than that in the left eye of deprivation group (P < 0.05) and the right eye of control group (P < 0.05), while the amplitude decreased (P < 0.05). The number of positive cells (P < 0.05) and mean optical density (P < 0.05) of Egr-1 protein expression in visual cortex of 8-week-old deprivation group were lower than those of normal group, as well as the number (P < 0.05) and mean optical density of Egr-1 mRNA-positive cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions Monocular form deprivation amblyopia can lead to the decrease of Egr-1 protein and mRNA expression in visual cortex, and then promote the occurrence and development of amblyopia.

C5b-9 membrane attack complex mediates endothelial cell apoptosis in experimental glomerulonephritis

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. F747-F757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hughes ◽  
Masaomi Nangaku ◽  
Charles E. Alpers ◽  
Stuart J. Shankland ◽  
William G. Couser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Membrane Attack Complex ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Con A ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Right ◽  
Endothelial Integrity

We studied the role of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex in two models of inflammatory glomerulonephritis (GN) initiated by acute glomerular endothelial injury in Piebold-viral-Glaxo (PVG) complement-sufficient rats (C+), C6-deficient rats (C6−), and rats systematically depleted of complement with cobra venom factor (CVF). GN was induced by performing a left nephrectomy and selectively perfusing the right kidney with either 1) the lectin concanavalin A (Con A) followed by complement-fixing anti-Con A (Con A GN) or 2) purified complement-fixing goat anti-rat glomerular endothelial cell (GEN) antibody [immune-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (ITM)]. Comparable levels of GEN apoptosis were detected in C+ animals in both models. CVF administration reduced GEN apoptosis by 10- to 12-fold. GEN apoptosis was C5b-9 dependent because PVG C6− rats were protected from GEN loss. Furthermore, functional inhibition of the cell surface complement regulatory protein CD59 by renal perfusion with anti-CD59 antibody in ITM resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in GEN apoptosis. Last, in Con A GN, abrogation of GEN apoptosis preserved endothelial integrity and renal function. This study demonstrates the specific role of C5b-9 in the induction of GEN apoptosis in experimental inflammatory GN, a finding with implications for diseases associated with the presence of antiendothelial cell antibodies.

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