Rat alveolar macrophages express preprotachykinin gene-I mRNA-encoding tachykinins

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (5) ◽  
pp. L1073-L1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Killingsworth ◽  
Stephanie A. Shore ◽  
Francesca Alessandrini ◽  
Richard D. Dey ◽  
Joseph D. Paulauskis
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Preprotachykinin Gene ◽  
Lps Treatment

Although the tachykinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A have been largely localized to neurons, eosinophils have also been shown to express these peptides. Our aim was to determine whether rat alveolar macrophages (AM) express preprotachykinin gene-I (PPT-I) mRNA that encodes these tachykinins and to examine expression during inflammation. PPT-I mRNA was detected by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in AM and brain (control) but not in peritoneal macrophages. Northern analysis showed that PPT-I mRNA was induced two- to fourfold by in vivo treatment of rats with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in vitro after 4 h of exposure to LPS. This increase was inhibited by dexamethasone. In situ RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry further confirmed that AM express PPT-I mRNA and SP-like immunoreactivity, respectively, which was enhanced by LPS treatment. A 1.3-kb transcript consistent with PPT-I mRNA was detected by Northern analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils. Therefore, rat AM express PPT-I mRNA that is upregulated in AM by LPS and is attenuated by dexamethasone. PPT-I mRNA was also detected in lung neutrophils.

In situ activation of mouse alveolar macrophages by aerosolized liposomal IFN-gamma and muramyl tripeptide

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. L429-L434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goldbach ◽  
S. Dumont ◽  
R. Kessler ◽  
P. Poindron ◽  
A. Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Tumoricidal Activity ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
In Situ Activation ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Thawing Procedure

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was entrapped with an efficiency of 30-40% in muramyl tripeptide-containing liposomes by a freeze-thawing procedure. A microcytotoxicity assay was developed to measure the tumoricidal activity of mouse alveolar macrophages (AM) against tumoral target cells with a colorimetric viability test. Free IFN-gamma and liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) were found to be only slightly effective to activate in vitro AM, whereas encapsulation of both INF-gamma and MTP-PE within the same liposomes produced higher activation of AM. Aerosolized IFN-gamma and liposomal immunomodulators enhanced antitumor properties of AM recovered in mice 24 h postinhalation. Whereas free IFN-gamma also induced a substantial activation of peritoneal macrophages, liposomal encapsulation significantly reduced the systemic activity of inhaled immunomodulators. This approach provides a useful model for the compartmentalized organ-specific activation of AM in mice.

Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 Genes in the Periodontal Ligament during Tooth Movement in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Takahashi ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
K. Onodera ◽  
J.-W. Bae ◽  
H. Mitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Periodontal ligament tissue is remodeled on both the tension and compression sides of moving teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. The present study was designed to clarify the hypothesis that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA is promoted during the remodeling of periodontal ligament tissue in orthodontic tooth movement. We used the in situ hybridization method and semi-quantitative reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction analysis to elucidate the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA. Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA transiently increased on both the compression and tension sides during active tooth movement in vivo. The gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 was induced by tension, while compression indirectly promoted the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 through soluble factors in vitro. Thus, we concluded that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 is differentially regulated by tension and compression, and plays an important role in the remodeling of the periodontal ligament.

scholarly journals THE FATE OF BACTERIA WITHIN PHAGOCYTIC CELLS

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanvil A. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Immune Globulins

The fate of a heat-stable Escherichia coli agglutinogen within three types of rabbit phagocytic cells was examined. A system is described whereby quantitative ingestion of viable E. coli by suspensions of PMN leucocytes, BCG-induced alveolar macrophages, and oil-induced peritoneal macrophages took place in vitro. After various periods of intracellular residence aliquots were injected intraperitoneally into NCS mice and the resulting agglutinins assayed. The loss of immunogenicity within phagocytes was estimated by comparison with a dose-response titration prepared with bacteria alone. Under these conditions no increase in immunogenic mass occurred in vivo or in vitro when viable organisms were employed. PMN leucocytes and alveolar macrophages destroyed the majority of the immunogen within 2 hours of intracellular residence. In contrast, the immunogenicity of E. coli was maintained within peritoneal macrophages for periods up to 5 hours. The use of heat-killed bacilli or specific immune serum did not significantly influence the intracellular fate of the immunogen. Residual immunogenicity was associated with a particle having the same centrifugal properties as the intact organism and essentially none was released in a soluble form. Intracellular residence within phagocytic cells did not influence the resulting temporal sequence of antibody formation nor the proportions of mercaptoethanol-sensitive and resistant immune globulins.

Activated macrophages in highly irradiated cercariae-induced immunity toSchistosoma japonicumin rats

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
C. Xu ◽  
S. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Induced Immunity

SUMMARYThe results of studies on the schistosomulicidal activity of activated peritoneal and alveolar macrophages (pMø and aMø) from rats immunized with highly irradiated (50 krad.)Schistosoma japonicumcercariae are reported. The authors have examined the activation of these macrophages in terms of spreading, adhesion and ingestion of sheep erythrocytes and pinocytosis of horse-radish peroxidase. Using three criteria, peritoneal macrophages and alveolar macrophages from immunized rats and from rats intraperitoneally injected with BCG were significantly more active than those from normal rats or rats stimulated with 10% proteose-peptone or 1% sodium thioglycolate. A significantly higher percentage of adhesion and ingestion was obtained with the sheep erythrocytes that were co-opsonized by heat-inactivated rat anti-sheep erythrocyte serum and fresh normal rat serum. Schistosomulicidal effects were observed with macrophages from irradiated cercariae-immunized rats in two activation systems:in vitroactivation in the presence of macrophage-activating factor (MAF), andin vivoactivation by the intraperitoneal challenge with sonicated cercarial antigens.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Leucocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B4 (Lilrb4) Expression in Microglia

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Felix Kretzschmar ◽  
Robin Piecha ◽  
Jannik Jahn ◽  
Phani Sankar Potru ◽  
Björn Spittau
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Primary Microglia ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
Lps Treatment

As resident innate immune cells of the CNS, microglia play important essential roles during physiological and pathological situations. Recent reports have described the expression of Lilrb4 in disease-associated and aged microglia. Here, we characterized the expression of Lilrb4 in microglia in vitro and in vivo in comparison with bone marrow-derived monocytes and peritoneal macrophages in mice. Using BV2 cells, primary microglia cultures as well as ex vivo isolated microglia and myeloid cells in combination with qPCR and flow cytometry, we were able to provide a comprehensive characterization of Lilrb4 expression in distinct mouse myeloid cells. Whereas microglia in vivo display low expression of Lilrb4, primary microglia cultures present high levels of surface LILRB4. Among the analyzed peripheral myeloid cells, peritoneal macrophages showed the highest expression levels of Lilrb4. Moreover, LPS treatment and inhibition of microglial TGFβ signaling resulted in significant increases of LILRB4 cell surface levels. Taken together, our data indicate that LILRB4 is a reliable surface marker for activated microglia and further demonstrate that microglial TGFβ signaling is involved in the regulation of Lilrb4 expression during LPS-induced microglia activation.

scholarly journals l-Arginine Availability Modulates Local Nitric Oxide Production and Parasite Killing in Experimental Trypanosomiasis

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4653-4657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain P. Gobert ◽  
Sylvie Daulouede ◽  
Michel Lepoivre ◽  
Jean Luc Boucher ◽  
Bernard Bouteille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
No Production ◽  
Nitrite Production ◽  
Common Substrate ◽  
Nos Inhibitor

ABSTRACT Nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule of the immune system in eliminating numerous pathogens. Peritoneal macrophages fromTrypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mice express type II NO synthase (NOS-II), produce NO, and kill parasites in the presence ofl-arginine in vitro. Nevertheless, parasites proliferate in the vicinity of these macrophages in vivo. The present study shows thatl-arginine availability modulates NO production. Trypanosomes use l-arginine for polyamine synthesis, required for DNA and trypanothione synthesis. Moreover, arginase activity is up-regulated in macrophages from infected mice from the first days of infection. Arginase competes with NOS-II for their common substrate, l-arginine. In vitro, arginase inhibitors decreased urea production, increased macrophage nitrite production, and restored trypanosome killing. In vivo, a dramatic decrease inl-arginine concentration was observed in plasma from infected mice. In situ restoration of NO production and trypanosome killing were observed when excess l-arginine, but notd-arginine or l-arginine plusN ω-nitro-l-arginine (a NOS inhibitor), was injected into the peritoneum of infected mice. These data indicate the role of l-arginine depletion, induced by arginase and parasites, in modulating the l-arginine–NO pathway under pathophysiological conditions.

scholarly journals Amentoflavone as an Ally in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Analysis of Its Antioxidant/Prooxidant Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Silva Rizk ◽  
Sandy Santos-Pereira ◽  
Luiza Gervazoni ◽  
Daiana de Jesus Hardoim ◽  
Flávia de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Intralesional Treatment ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Treatment of leishmaniasis is a challenging subject. Although available, chemotherapy is limited, presenting toxicity and adverse effects. New drugs with antileishmanial activity are being investigated, such as antiparasitic compounds derived from plants. In this work, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of the biflavonoid amentoflavone on the protozoan Leishmania amazonensis. Although the antileishmanial activity of amentoflavone has already been reported in vitro, the mechanisms involved in the parasite death, as well as its action in vivo, remain unknown. Amentoflavone demonstrated activity on intracellular amastigotes in macrophages obtained from BALB/c mice (IC50 2.3 ± 0.93 μM). No cytotoxicity was observed and the selectivity index was estimated as greater than 10. Using BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis we verified the effect of an intralesional treatment with amentoflavone (0.05 mg/kg/dose, in a total of 5 doses every 4 days). Parasite quantification demonstrated that amentoflavone reduced the parasite load in treated footpads (46.3% reduction by limiting dilution assay and 56.5% reduction by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction). Amentoflavone decreased the nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages obtained from treated animals. The treatment also increased the expression of ferritin and decreased iNOS expression at the site of infection. Furthemore, it increased the production of ROS in peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro. The increase of ROS in vitro, associated with the reduction of NO and iNOS expression in vivo, points to the antioxidant/prooxidant potential of amentoflavone, which may play an important role in the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory patterns at the infection site. Taken together these results suggest that amentoflavone has the potential to be used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, working as an ally in the control and development of the lesion.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

In Situ Localization of PPAR Gamma and Uncoupling Protein in Mouse Embryo Sections Using Digoxigenin-Labeled Riboprobes

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
C. Jennermann ◽  
S. A. Kliewer ◽  
D. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and has been shown in vitro to regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. By Northern analysis, we and other researchers have shown that expression of this receptor predominates in adipose tissue in adult mice, and appears first in whole-embryo mRNA at 13.5 days postconception. In situ hybridization was used to find out in which developing tissues PPARg is specifically expressed.Digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes were generated using the Genius™ 4 RNA Labeling Kit from Boehringer Mannheim. Full length PPAR gamma, obtained by PCR from mouse liver cDNA, was inserted into pBluescript SK and used as template for the transcription reaction. Probes of average size 200 base pairs were made by partial alkaline hydrolysis of the full length transcripts. The in situ hybridization assays were performed as described previously with some modifications. Frozen sections (10 μm thick) of day 18 mouse embryos were cut, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and acetylated with 0.25% acetic anhydride in 1.0M triethanolamine buffer. The sections were incubated for 2 hours at room temperature in pre-hybridization buffer, and were then hybridized with a probe concentration of 200μg per ml at 70° C, overnight in a humidified chamber. Following stringent washes in SSC buffers, the immunological detection steps were performed at room temperature. The alkaline phosphatase labeled, anti-digoxigenin antibody and detection buffers were purchased from Boehringer Mannheim. The sections were treated with a blocking buffer for one hour and incubated with antibody solution at a 1:5000 dilution for 2 hours, both at room temperature. Colored precipitate was formed by exposure to the alkaline phosphatase substrate nitrobluetetrazoliumchloride/ bromo-chloroindlylphosphate.

Evaluation of Structure-Controlled Silk Fibroin Coatings for Orthopedic Infection and In-Situ Osteogenesis: In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao Zhou ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Jianglong Yan ◽  
QiYao Li ◽  
Panpan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Orthopedic Infection
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document