Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 Genes in the Periodontal Ligament during Tooth Movement in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Takahashi ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
K. Onodera ◽  
J.-W. Bae ◽  
H. Mitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Periodontal ligament tissue is remodeled on both the tension and compression sides of moving teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. The present study was designed to clarify the hypothesis that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA is promoted during the remodeling of periodontal ligament tissue in orthodontic tooth movement. We used the in situ hybridization method and semi-quantitative reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction analysis to elucidate the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA. Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA transiently increased on both the compression and tension sides during active tooth movement in vivo. The gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 was induced by tension, while compression indirectly promoted the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 through soluble factors in vitro. Thus, we concluded that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 is differentially regulated by tension and compression, and plays an important role in the remodeling of the periodontal ligament.

scholarly journals Compression and hypoxia play independent roles while having combinative effects in the osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Le Li ◽  
Jianru Yi ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate the isolated and combined effects of compression and hypoxia on the osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Materials and Methods:  A periodontal ligament tissue model (PDLtm) was established by 3-D culturing human PDLCs on a thin sheet of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold. The PDLtm was treated with hypoxia and/or compression for 6, 24, or 72 hours. After that, a real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression analysis. The conditioned media were used for the coculture of osteoblast and osteoclast (OC) precursors; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was done to examine OC formation. Results:  Either compression or hypoxia alone significantly up-regulated the gene expression of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines in the PDLtm and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in the cocultures, and the combination of the two had significantly stronger effects than either stimulation alone. In addition, comparing the two stimulants, we found that the osteoclastogenic property of the PDLCs peaked earlier (at 6 hours) in the compression group than in the hypoxia group (at 24 hours). Conclusions:  Both compressive force and hypoxia may take part in initiating osteoclastogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement and may have combinatory effects, which could update our concepts of the mechanisms involved in the initiation of bone resorption on the pressure side of the tooth in question.

scholarly journals MMPs and TIMPs Expression Levels in the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6967
Author(s):  
Christian Behm ◽  
Michael Nemec ◽  
Fabian Weissinger ◽  
Marco Aoqi Rausch ◽  
Oleh Andrukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Background: During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), applied orthodontic forces cause an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). This is mainly orchestrated by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are both secreted by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies already investigated the influence of applied orthodontic forces on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs during OTM and the influence of specific orthodontic force-related parameters. Methods: Electronic article search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science until 31 January 2021. Screenings of titles, abstracts and full texts were performed according to PRISMA, whereas eligibility criteria were defined for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively, according to the PICO schema. Risk of bias assessment for in vitro studies was verified by specific methodological and reporting criteria. For in vivo studies, risk of bias assessment was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional study. Results: Electronic article search identified 3266 records, from which 28 in vitro and 12 in vivo studies were included. The studies showed that orthodontic forces mainly caused increased MMPs and TIMPs expression levels, whereas the exact effect may depend on various intervention and sample parameters and subject characteristics. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that orthodontic forces induce a significant effect on MMPs and TIMPs in the PDL. This connection may contribute to the controlled depletion and formation of the PDLs’ ECM at the compression and tension site, respectively, and finally to the highly regulated OTM.

scholarly journals Mechanobiology of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaming Huang ◽  
Ruili Yang ◽  
Yan-heng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Applied Forces

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) possess self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. They play a crucial role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis and also participated in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Various studies have applied controlled mechanical stimulation to PDLSCs and investigated the effects of orthodontic force on PDLSCs. Physical stimuli can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of PDLSCs. During the past decade, a variety of studies has demonstrated that applied forces can activate different signaling pathways in PDLSCs, including MAPK, TGF-β/Smad, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Besides, recent advances have highlighted the critical role of orthodontic force in PDLSC fate through mediators, such as IL-11, CTHRC1, miR-21, and H2S. This perspective review critically discusses the PDLSC fate to physical forcein vitroand orthodontic forcein vivo, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism involved in OTM.

scholarly journals The effect of mechanical vibration on orthodontically induced root resorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Yadav ◽  
Thomas Dobie ◽  
Amir Assefnia ◽  
Zana Kalajzic ◽  
Ravindra Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate the effect of low-frequency mechanical vibration (LFMV) on orthodontically induced root resorption. Materials and Methods:  Forty male CD1, 12-week-old mice were used for the study. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: group 1 (baseline)—no spring and no mechanical vibration, group 2—orthodontic spring but no vibration, group 3—orthodontic spring and 5 Hz of vibration applied to the maxillary first molar, group 4—orthodontic spring and 10 Hz of vibration applied to maxillary first molar, and group 5—orthodontic spring and 20 Hz of vibration applied to maxillary first molar. In the different experimental groups, the first molar was moved mesially for 2 weeks using a nickel-titanium coil spring delivering 10 g of force. LFMVs were applied at 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography imaging was used to analyze root resorption. Additionally, to understand the mechanism, we applied LFMV to MC3T3 cells, and gene expression analyses were done for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Results:  Orthodontic tooth movement leads to decreased root volume (increased root resorption craters). Our in vivo experiments showed a trend toward increase in root volume with different frequencies of mechanical vibration. In vitro gene expression analyses showed that with 20 Hz of mechanical vibration, there was a significant decrease in RANKL and a significant increase in OPG expression. Conclusion:  There was a trend toward decreased root resorption with different LFMVs (5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz); however, it was not more statistically significant than the orthodontic-spring-only group.

scholarly journals In Vitro Compression Model for Orthodontic Tooth Movement Modulates Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Julia Brockhaus ◽  
Rogerio B. Craveiro ◽  
Irma Azraq ◽  
Christian Niederau ◽  
Sarah K. Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts (hPDLF), as part of the periodontal apparatus, modulate inflammation, regeneration and bone remodeling. Interferences are clinically manifested as attachment loss, tooth loosening and root resorption. During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), remodeling and adaptation of the periodontium is required in order to enable tooth movement. hPDLF involvement in the early phase-OTM compression side was investigated for a 72-h period through a well-studied in vitro model. Changes in the morphology, cell proliferation and cell death were analyzed. Specific markers of the cell cycle were investigated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The study showed that the morphology of hPDLF changes towards more unstructured, unsorted filaments under mechanical compression. The total cell numbers were significantly reduced with a higher cell death rate over the whole observation period. hPDLF started to recover to pretreatment conditions after 48 h. Furthermore, key molecules involved in the cell cycle were significantly reduced under compressive force at the gene expression and protein levels. These findings revealed important information for a better understanding of the preservation and remodeling processes within the periodontium through Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during orthodontic tooth movement. OTM initially decelerates the hPDLF cell cycle and proliferation. After adapting to environmental changes, human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts can regain homeostasis of the periodontium, affecting its reorganization.

scholarly journals Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement—an in vitro and in vivo study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Rath-Deschner ◽  
Andressa V. B. Nogueira ◽  
Svenja Beisel-Memmert ◽  
Marjan Nokhbehsaim ◽  
Sigrun Eick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

Abstract Objectives The aim of this in vitro and in vivo study was to investigate the interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2). Materials and methods The effect of periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone and gingival IL-6 and CXCL2 expressions was studied in rats by histology and RT-PCR, respectively. The animals were assigned to four groups (control, periodontitis, OTM, and combination of periodontitis and OTM). The IL-6 and CXCL2 levels were also studied in human gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of IL-6 and CXCL2 in response to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or mechanical strain was studied in periodontal fibroblasts by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Periodontitis caused an increase in gingival levels of IL-6 and CXCL2 in the animal model. Moreover, orthodontic tooth movement further enhanced the bacteria-induced periodontal destruction and gingival IL-6 gene expression. Elevated IL-6 and CXCL2 gingival levels were also found in human periodontitis. Furthermore, mechanical strain increased the stimulatory effect of F. nucleatum on IL-6 protein in vitro. Conclusions Our study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement can enhance bacteria-induced periodontal inflammation and thus destruction and that IL-6 may play a pivotal role in this process. Clinical relevance Orthodontic tooth movement should only be performed after periodontal therapy. In case of periodontitis relapse, orthodontic therapy should be suspended until the periodontal inflammation has been successfully treated and thus the periodontal disease is controlled again.

scholarly journals Both megakaryocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis are induced in mice infected with a retrovirus expressing an oncogenic erythropoietin receptor [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 2386-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Longmore ◽  
P Pharr ◽  
D Neumann ◽  
HF Lodish
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Erythropoietin Receptor ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Proviral Integration ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Increasing direct and indirect evidence suggests that erythropoietin (Epo) promotes both erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. Here we report that, in mice infected with a recombinant spleen focus-forming retrovirus (SFFV) expressing an oncogenic erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), there was an increase in platelet count preceding the ensuing erythrocytosis. Concurrently, there was a substantial increase in splenic megakaryocytes. Culture of the bone marrow and spleen cells from infected mice showed enhanced numbers of multipotent megakaryocytic progenitors. DNA polymerase chain reaction analysis of individual megakaryocyte-containing colonies showed recombinant SFFV (SFFVcEpoR) proviral integration. Immunofluorescence of spleen sections showed overexpression of EpoR protein in the megakaryocytes. Mice infected with a strain of SFFV also developed splenic megakaryocytosis without activating overexpression of the EpoR in megakaryocytes. This in vivo system shows that a relationship between erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis can exist at the level of the Epo-EpoR signaling pathway. Also, SFFV-based vectors may be excellent vehicles for the introduction of genes into multipotent, hematopoietic progenitors, in vitro.

scholarly journals CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 modulation by microbial and biomechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues—in vitro and in vivo studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 3661-3670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Rath-Deschner ◽  
Svenja Memmert ◽  
Anna Damanaki ◽  
Marjan Nokhbehsaim ◽  
Sigrun Eick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mechanical Signals ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis

Abstract Objectives This study was established to investigate whether the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are produced in periodontal cells and tissues and, if so, whether their levels are regulated by microbial and/or mechanical signals. Materials and methods The chemokine expression and protein levels in gingival biopsies from patients with and without periodontitis were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The chemokines were also analyzed in gingival biopsies from rats subjected to experimental periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement. Additionally, chemokine levels were determined in periodontal fibroblasts exposed to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and mechanical forces by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Higher CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 levels were found in human and rat gingiva from sites of periodontitis as compared with periodontally healthy sites. In the rat experimental periodontitis model, the bacteria-induced upregulation of these chemokines was significantly counteracted by orthodontic forces. In vitro, F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of all chemokines at 1 day. When the cells were subjected simultaneously to F. nucleatum and mechanical forces, the upregulation of chemokines was significantly inhibited. The transcriptional findings were paralleled at protein level. Conclusions This study provides original evidence in vitro and in vivo that the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are regulated by both microbial and mechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues. Furthermore, our study revealed that biomechanical forces can counteract the stimulatory actions of F. nucleatum on these chemokines. Clinical relevance Mechanical loading might aggravate periodontal infection by compromising the recruitment of immunoinflammatory cells.

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis gene expression in vivo

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Shelburne ◽  
Raymond M. Gleason ◽  
Gregory R. Germaine ◽  
Larry F. Wolff ◽  
Brian H. Mullally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

An Anti-c-Fms Antibody Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kitaura ◽  
M. Yoshimatsu ◽  
Y. Fujimura ◽  
T. Eguchi ◽  
H. Kohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Factor Α

Orthodontic force induces osteoclastogenesis in vivo. It has recently been reported that administration of an antibody against the macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor c-Fms blocks osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) administration. This study aimed to examine the effect of an anti-c-Fms antibody on mechanical loading-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis in an orthodontic tooth movement model in mice. Using TNF receptor 1- and 2-deficient mice, we showed that orthodontic tooth movement was mediated by TNF-α. We injected anti-c-Fms antibody daily into a local site, for 12 days, during mechanical loading. The anti-c-Fms antibody significantly inhibited orthodontic tooth movement, markedly reduced the number of osteoclasts in vivo, and inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. These findings suggest that M-CSF plays an important role in mechanical loading-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement mediated by TNF-α.

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