Differential energetic response of brain vs. skeletal muscle upon glycemic variations in healthy humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. R12-R16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin M. Oltmanns ◽  
Uwe H. Melchert ◽  
Harald G. Scholand-Engler ◽  
Maria C. Howitz ◽  
Bernd Schultes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
High Energy Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
The Brain

The brain regulates all metabolic processes within the organism, and therefore, its energy supply is preserved even during fasting. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, it is shown, using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy that during short periods of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, the brain can rapidly increase its high-energy phosphate content, whereas there is no change in skeletal muscle. We investigated the key metabolites of high-energy phosphate metabolism as rapidly available energy stores by 31P MRS in brain and skeletal muscle of 17 healthy men. Measurements were performed at baseline and during dextrose or insulin-induced hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. During hyperglycemia, phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations increased significantly in the brain ( P = 0.013), while there was a similar trend in the hypopglycemic condition ( P = 0.055). Skeletal muscle content remained constant in both conditions ( P > 0.1). ANOVA analyses comparing changes from baseline to the respective glycemic plateau in brain (up to +15%) vs. muscle (up to −4%) revealed clear divergent effects in both conditions ( P < 0.05). These effects were reflected by PCr/Pi ratio ( P < 0.05). Total ATP concentrations revealed the observed divergency only during hyperglycemia ( P = 0.018). These data suggest that the brain, in contrast to peripheral organs, can activate some specific mechanisms to modulate its energy status during variations in glucose supply. A disturbance of these mechanisms may have far-reaching implications for metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity or diabetes mellitus.

High-energy phosphate metabolism in the calf muscle of healthy humans during incremental calf exercise with and without moderate cuff stenosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Greiner ◽  
Regina Esterhammer ◽  
Dietmar Bammer ◽  
Hubert Messner ◽  
Christian Kremser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Calf Exercise ◽  
High Energy Phosphate Metabolism

Myocardial high-energy phosphate metabolism is altered after treatment with anthracycline in childhood

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Eidenschink ◽  
Gerrit Schröter ◽  
Stefan Müller-Weihrich ◽  
Heiko Stern
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
High Energy Phosphate Metabolism

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether changes in high-energy phosphate metabolism after treatment of children and young adults with anthracycline can be demonstrated non-invasively by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.BackgroundAbnormal myocardial energy metabolism has been suggested as a mechanism for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Deterioration in such has been shown in animal studies by resonance spectroscopy.MethodsWe studied 62 patients, with a mean age of 13.5 ±5 years,3.7±4.3 years after a cumulative anthracycline dose of 270±137 mg/m2. Normal echocardiographic findings had been elicited in 54 patients. The control group consisted of 28 healthy subjects aged 20±7 years. Resonance spectrums of the anterior left ventricular myocardium were obtained at 1.5 Tesla using an image-selected in vivo spectroscopy localization technique.ResultsThe ratio of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate after blood correction was 1.09±0.43 for the patients, and 1.36±0.36 (mean±SD)for controls (p = 0.005), with a significantly reducedmean ratio even in the subgroup of patients with normal echocardiographic results ( l.11 ± 0. 44 versus1.36±0.36, p=0.01). The ratio did not correlate with the cumulative dose of anthracycline. The ratio of phosphodiester to adenosine triphosphate was similar in patients and controls (0.90±0.56 versus 0.88±0.62).ConclusionsIn patients treated with anthracyclines in childhood, myocardial high-energy phosphate metabolism may be impaired even in the absence of cardiomyopathy. Our data support the concept that anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is not clearly dose dependent.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle high energy phosphate metabolism in patients with obesity and impaired fasting blood glucose

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurusher S Panjrath ◽  
Michael Schär ◽  
AbdEl-Monem El-Sharkawy ◽  
Steven P Schulman ◽  
Kerry Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
High Energy Phosphate Metabolism

Sex differences result in increased morbidity from hyponatremia in female rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. R880-R885 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Fraser ◽  
J. Kucharczyk ◽  
A. I. Arieff ◽  
C. Rollin ◽  
P. Sarnacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sodium Uptake ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Brain

The development of symptomatic hyponatremia in otherwise healthy young women can result in death or permanent brain damage. The reasons for the increased female susceptibility to complications from hyponatremia are, however, unclear. To determine whether mechanisms that normally defend the brain against damage from hyponatremia are less effective in females than males, we studied both sodium transport in the brains of hyponatremic male and female rats and the effects of parenteral arginine vasopressin on brain high-energy phosphate metabolism and intracellular pH. Basal sodium uptake in synaptosomes prepared from whole brain of females (2.20 nmol/mg protein) and males (2.98 nmol/mg protein) was not statistically different. In contrast, veratridine-stimulated sodium uptake in female brain was 8.20 nmol/mg protein, which was 86% greater (P less than 0.001) than the 6.12 nmol/mg protein observed for male brain. Additionally, sodium uptake between 5 and 60 s was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater in females than males. These data suggest that the Na+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) pump function in female rat brain synaptosomes is less effective than in males. To determine whether arginine vasopressin, a peptide hormone that promotes water retention by the kidney, had any effects on cerebral energy metabolism, we performed phosphorus-31 (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies on the brain of normonatremic young adult male and female rats subjected to high (20 IU) peripheral doses of arginine vasopressin.We found decreased high-energy phosphate generation, elevated inorganic phosphate, and intracellular acidosis after arginine vasopressin administration in females but not males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effects of Hypoxic Hypoxia on Cerebral Phosphate Metabolites and pH in the Anesthetized Infant Rabbit

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo González-Méndez ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
George A. Gregory ◽  
Susan D. Wall ◽  
Charles A. Gooding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Hypoxic Hypoxia ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
A Value ◽  
Venous Infusion ◽  
The Brain

The effects of hypoxic hypoxia on high-energy phosphate metabolites and intracellular pH (pHi) in the brain of the anesthetized infant rabbit were studied in vivo using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Five 10- to 16-day-old rabbits were anesthetized with 1.5% halothane. Ventilation was controlled to maintain normocarbia. Inspired O2 fraction was adjusted to produce three states of arterial oxygenation: hyperoxia (Pao2 > 250 mm Hg), normoxia (Pao2 ∼ 100 mm Hg), and hypoxia (Pao2 25–30 mm Hg). During hypoxia, blood pressure was kept within 20% of control values with a venous infusion of epinephrine. During hyperoxia, the phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio was 0.86, a value that is 2–2.5 times less than that reported for adults. During normoxia, ATP decreased by 20% and Pi increased by 90% from hyperoxia values. During 60 min of hypoxia, the concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites did not change, but intracellular and arterial blood pH (pHa) decreased significantly. When hyperoxia was reestablished, pHi returned to normal and pHa remained low. These results suggest that during periods of hypoxemia, the normotensive infant rabbit maintains intracellular concentrations of cerebral high-energy phosphates better than has been reported for adult animals.

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