Testosterone and estrogen have opposing actions on inflammation-induced plasma extravasation in the rat temporomandibular joint

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R343-R348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha M. Flake ◽  
Tracey O. Hermanstyne ◽  
Michael S. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Plasma Extravasation ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that estrogen exacerbates inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Evans blue dye was used to quantify plasma extravasation (PE) around the rat TMJ. In an initial set of experiments, TMJ PE was compared in naïve intact male and female rats, as well as in both groups after complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation of the TMJ. In contrast to our hypothesis, TMJ PE was significantly greater in both naïve and CFA-inflamed male rats than in females. To determine whether these differences were due to gonadal hormones, four additional groups of rats were studied: gonadectomized (Gx) males and females, Gx males with chronic testosterone (T) replacement, and Gx females with chronic estrogen (E) replacement. The sex difference in baseline TMJ PE appeared to reflect the actions of T. However, in the presence of TMJ inflammation, T augmented TMJ PE in males, while E attenuated TMJ PE in females. Changes in PE were also assessed in the contralateral TMJ. Results from this analysis indicated that there is a transient contralateral increase in TMJ PE in females but not males. Given that there is an inverse relationship between PE and joint damage, our results suggest that testosterone may mitigate, but estrogen may exacerbate, TMJ damage, particularly in the presence of overt inflammation. Importantly, our results may help explain both the higher prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorder pain in females than males.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure and Challenge Dose of Other Drugs on Behavior of Adult Rats

2013 ◽  
pp. S99-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ ◽  
E. MACÚCHOVÁ ◽  
K. NOHEJLOVÁ-DEYKUN ◽  
B. SCHUTOVÁ ◽  
L. HRUBÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The aim of the present study was to compare the response to acute application of several drugs in adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to methamphetamine (MA). Spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg) or saline were tested in a Laboras apparatus (Metris B.V., Netherlands) for 1 h. Challenge dose of the examined drug [amphetamine – 5 mg/kg; cocaine – 5mg/kg; MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) – 5 mg/kg; morphine – 5 mg/kg; THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) – 2 mg/kg] or saline was injected prior to testing. Our data demonstrate that prenatal MA exposure did not affect behavior in male rats with cocaine or morphine treatment, but increased locomotion and exploration in females. Application of amphetamine and MDMA in adulthood increased activity in both sexes, while cocaine and THC only in female rats. Morphine, on the other hand, decreased the activity in the Laboras test in both sexes. As far as sex and estrous cycle is concerned, the present study shows that males were generally less active than females and also females in proestrus-estrus phase of the estrous cycle were more active than females in diestrus. In conclusion, the present study shows that the prenatal MA exposure does not induce general sensitization but affects the sensitivity to drugs dependently to mechanism of drug action and with respect to gonadal hormones.

INVOLVEMENT OF INHIBIN IN THE REGULATION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN PREPUBERTAL AND ADULT, MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. HERMANS ◽  
E. C. M. VAN LEEUWEN ◽  
M. H. M. DEBETS ◽  
F. H. DE JONG
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Fast Acting

Administration of steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF), containing inhibin-like activity, depressed levels of FSH measured 4 h after injection in intact adult and 35-day-old female rats, but not in younger females. Suppression of FSH was also observed in intact male rats, aged 55 days, but not in older and younger male rats. Eight hours after injection of bFF, FSH levels were depressed in 15-day-old and older immature and adult rats of both sexes. Male and female rats, gonadectomized 2 days earlier, responded similarly to bFF treatment as did the intact animals. In a second experiment it was found that the rise of FSH levels, occurring within 8 h of gonadectomy, decreased with age in male and increased with age in female rats. Steroid treatment was found to prevent the rise in FSH levels partially in 15-day-old male and completely in 25-day-old female rats, whereas treatment with bFF was fully effective in blocking the FSH rise in both immature and adult rats of both sexes. It is concluded that inhibin might be a major physiological factor in a fast-acting control of FSH concentrations from at least the age of 25 days onwards in female rats. In male rats its physiological significance might be limited to the prepubertal period, despite the fact that pituitary secretion of FSH is suppressed by exogenous inhibin-like activity at all ages studied.

Incidence, growth and oestradiol-receptor levels of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumours in rats: effects of neonatal sex steroids and oestradiol implants

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Verhoeven ◽  
G. Vandoren ◽  
W. Heyns ◽  
E. R. Kühn ◽  
J. P. Janssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Tumour Incidence ◽  
Tumour Induction ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Neonatal Administration ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Intact Rats

The effects of neonatally administered steroids on the sensitivity of the mammary gland to tumour induction by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was studied as a model for delayed (de)differentiating effects of steroid hormones. Immediately after birth male and female rats were gonadectomized and treated with testosterone, oestradiol or oil. Control animals were left intact. On day 45 all the gonadectomized animals and some of the control animals received an implant which delivered continuous low levels of oestradiol. The carcinogen was administered on day 55. The administration of an oestradiol implant, which increased prolactin levels in all animals, markedly reduced tumour incidence in intact female rats and increased tumour incidence in intact male rats. Neonatal administration of testosterone or oestradiol did not significantly influence tumour incidence, histopathology or oestradiol responsiveness in neonatally gonadectomized rats but tended to decrease tumour oestradiol-receptor levels. This lack of effect of neonatal steroids in gonadectomized animals suggests that the effects observed by other authors in intact rats are mediated by changes in gonadal secretions. It is concluded that the hormonal environment during and after tumour induction plays a major role in the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON PITUITARY CORTICOTROPHIN AND ADRENAL STEROID SECRETION IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian I. Kitay
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Adrenal Steroidogenesis ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Administration of a depot testosterone preparation to male and female rats resulted in no change in body or pituitary weight in either sex. Pituitary corticotrophin content was unaltered in male animals but was reduced in females. Adrenal weights and adrenal RNA and DNA contents were decreased in both sexes. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were unaffected in males but were reduced in female rats after stress or corticotrophin injection. Hepatic reduction of ring A in vitro and biological half-life of corticosterone in vivo were unchanged in male animals but impaired in females. Testosterone administration to intact male rats significantly increased adrenal steroidogenesis measured in vitro. A significant decrease in steroid production was found in intact females but increased steroidogenesis was observed in adrenals from testosterone-treated oophorectomized animals. No effect was obtained following addition of testosterone directly in vitro. The data suggest that testosterone leads both to diminution of corticotrophin secretion and enhancement of adrenal steroid secretory capacity. In intact female rats, these effects are complicated by suppression of oestrogen secretion, the effects of which have been reported previously.

Sex differences in morphine-induced analgesia of visceral pain are supraspinally and peripherally mediated

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R307-R314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Ji ◽  
Anne Z. Murphy ◽  
Richard J. Traub
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Opioid Analgesia ◽  
Morphine Analgesia ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Morphine Dose ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Increasing evidence suggests there is a sex difference in opioid analgesia of pain arising from somatic tissue. However, the existence of a sex difference in visceral pain and opioid analgesia is unclear. This was examined in the colorectal distention (CRD) model of visceral pain in the current study. The visceromotor response (vmr) to noxious CRD was recorded in gonadally intact male and female rats. Subcutaneous injection of morphine dose-dependently decreased the vmr in both groups without affecting colonic compliance. However, morphine was significantly more potent in male rats than females. Because systemic morphine can act at peripheral tissue and in the central nervous system (CNS), the source of the sex difference in morphine analgesia was determined. The peripherally restricted μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist naloxone methiodide dose-dependently attenuated the effects of systemic morphine. Systemic administration of the peripherally restricted MOR agonist loperamide confirmed peripherally mediated morphine analgesia and revealed greater potency in males compared with females. Spinal administration of morphine dose-dependently attenuated the vmr, but there was no sex difference. Intracerebroventricular administration of morphine also dose-dependently attenuated the vmr with significantly greater potency in male rats. The present study documents a sex difference in morphine analgesia of visceral pain that is both peripherally and supraspinally mediated.

Estrogen and prothrombin synthesis: effect of estrogen on absorption of vitamin K1

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. H12-H17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Jolly ◽  
C. Craig ◽  
T. E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Intact male and female albino rats fed a vitamin K-deficient diet develop a plasma prothrombin-proconvertin deficiency. Male rats respond with a precipitous drop to approximately 20–30% of normal plasma levels within 2–5 days, whereas female rats respond at a slower rate. Ethynylestradiol, 5–10 mug/day, or castration, reduces the progressive decline of plasma prothrombin-proconvertin seen in nonsupplemented intact male rats. The response of castrate females differs little from the response of intact females. Ethynylestradiol, 5–10 mug/day, affects both castrate males and females similarly, limiting the prothrombin-proconvertin decrease to about 13% below control value after 14 days. Intestinal absorption of vitamin K1 measured in the thoracic duct lymph of pentobarbital-anesthetized castrate male and female rats was shown to increase significantly after estrogen treatment. Estrogen-treated castrate male and female rats absorbed 25.8 mug and 11.8 mug vitamin K1, respectively. Nontreated control castrate male and female rats absorbed 0.0 mug and 1.2 mug, respectively, during a 240-min collection period. Use of radioactive vitamin K1 in similar experiments confirmed these results. Estrogen-treated castrate males absorbed vitamin K1 at the rate of 30-40 mug/g lymph whereas nontreated control males absorbed only about 6 mug/g lymph.

EFFECTS OF ENDOCRINE MANIPULATIONS ON OESTROGEN BINDING IN CYTOSOLS FROM RAT SKELETAL AND PERINEAL MUSCLES

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. DIONNE ◽  
J. Y. DUBÉ ◽  
G. FRENETTE ◽  
R. R. TREMBLAY
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Intact Rats

Hormonal regulation of cytosolic oestradiol-binding sites in the levator ani bulbocavernosus (LA/BC) muscles of male rats and in thigh muscles from male and female rats was investigated. Twenty-four hours after gonadectomy and/or adrenalectomy, the number of unoccupied oestradiol-binding sites was significantly increased in cytosols prepared from LA/BC muscles while these treatments had no effect on thigh muscles from male rats. Only a combination of both treatments led to a significant increase of oestradiol-binding sites in cytosols prepared from the thigh muscles of female rats when compared with those of intact rats at dioestrus. The number of oestradiol-binding sites in the thigh muscles of female rats was found to vary during the oestrous cycle with values significantly lower at pro-oestrus than at dioestrus. The increase in oestradiol-binding sites observed in cytosols prepared from muscles of adrenalectomized or gonadectomized plus adrenalectomized rats was prevented by an injection of corticosterone (3 mg, s.c.) at the time of surgery. Twenty-one days after gonad and/or adrenal ablation, the mean concentration of oestradiol-binding sites in the three tissues under study was higher than in these tissues from intact rats, and in some groups the levels of oestradiol-binding sites were significantly higher than they had been 24 h after the same surgical treatments. Muscles from male rats hypophysectomized for 28 days possessed levels of oestradiol-binding sites equivalent to male rats deprived of steroid hormones for 21 days. Dexamethasone treatment of male rats (100 μg/day for 14 days) led to a progressive decrease of oestradiol-binding sites of LA/BC and thigh muscles. This study has shown that adrenal and gonadal hormones exert both short- and long-acting repressive effects on the oestradiol-binding capacity of rat muscles.

SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS IN RAT LIVER AND THYMUS

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. ENDRES ◽  
R. J. MILHOLLAND ◽  
F. ROSEN
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The effects in rats of adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, ovariectomy or combinations of these operations on the concentrations of glucocorticoid receptors in the cytosol of liver and thymus were measured. The concentrations of glucocorticoid receptors were lower in cytosols from liver and thymus of female than of male rats. After adrenalectomy, there was a significant increase in the concentrations of receptors measured in the cytoplasm from the liver and thymus of female rats and from the liver of male rats. After adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy, there was no sex difference in the concentrations of glucocorticoid receptors in cytosols of liver or thymus. After ovariectomy, the concentration of receptors in cytosols from the thymus, but not from the liver, increased. Ovariectomized rats responded to adrenalectomy in the same way as intact male rats. The different responses shown by male and female rats to endocrine manipulation probably depend upon associated changes in plasma corticosterone concentrations which are influenced by the ovary. Differences in response between the liver and thymus probably reflect a preferential distribution of corticosterone to the liver rather than to the thymus.

SEXUAL DIFFERENCE IN THE EFFECT OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON α2u-GLOBULIN IN GONADECTOMIZED RATS

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. VANDOREN ◽  
W. HEYNS ◽  
G. VERHOEVEN ◽  
P. DE MOOR
Keyword(s):  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Pituitary Glands

Laboratorium voor Experiméntele Geneeskunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Rega Instituut, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium (Received 28 March 1978) The synthesis of α2u-globulin, the major protein found in the urine of adult male rats (Roy & Neuhaus, 1966; Roy, Neuhaus & Harmison, 1966), is controlled by several hormones. Androgens, growth hormone, thyroxine and glucocorticoids promote the synthesis of this protein, whereas oestrogens and a factor secreted by ectopically transplanted pituitary glands suppress it (Roy & Neuhaus, 1967; Roy, 1973; Kurtz, Sippel & Feigelson, 1976; Vandoren, Van Baelen, Verhoeven & De Moor, 1978). Cyproterone acetate (CA), a potent antiandrogen, inhibits the androgenic induction of α2u-globulin in ovariectomized rats, but does not suppress its synthesis in intact male rats (Roy, 1976). In the present experiments, the influence of CA on the induction of α2u-globulin by testosterone propionate (TP) in the serum of gonadectomized male and female rats was compared. Evidence is presented for

SPECIFIC SUPPRESSION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE SECRETION IN GONADECTOMIZED MALE AND FEMALE RATS WITH INTRASPLENIC OVARIAN TRANSPLANTS

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. TH. J. UILENBROEK ◽  
R. TILLER ◽  
F. H. DE JONG ◽  
F. VELS
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Specific Suppression ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Adult male and female rats received an ovarian homotransplant under the kidney capsule or in the spleen 14 days after gonadectomy. After transplantation under the kidney capsule, the high levels of both LH and FSH normally observed after gonadectomy decreased to the levels found in intact male and female rats. After transplantation into the spleen, however, the serum levels of LH increased still further, although a decrease was observed in the level of FSH. In male rats, the concentrations of oestradiol-17β in the plasma increased from 17 to 56 pg/ml after transplantation of an ovary under the kidney capsule; the concentration was not increased after intrasplenic ovarian transplantation. In female rats with an intrasplenic transplant, the uterine weight did not increase and vaginal smears were not cornified. Administration of oestrogen and progesterone to produce approximately the concentrations found in rats with an intrasplenic transplant did not result in decreased concentrations of FSH. These results suggest that the ovary secretes a substance with specific FSH-suppressing activity, which is not inactivated by the liver.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document