Preoptic recess lesions, body fluid compartments, and the renin-aldosterone system

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. R901-R905 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Bealer ◽  
E. G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Total Body

The effects of electrolytic ablation of the periventricular tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) of the rat brain on body fluid distribution and the renin-aldosterone system were determined. Rats underwent either ablation of AV3V periventricular tissue or control surgeries. After recovery, animals were implanted with femoral arterial and jugular venous catheters, and sodium space and plasma volume were measured by calculating the dilution of intravenous injections of 22Na- and 125I-labeled serum albumin, respectively. Total body water was determined in separate groups of rats by desiccation. Other animals with AV3V lesions and control rats were used to measure urinary sodium excretion and plasma renin (Prenin) and aldosterone (Paldo) concentrations while volume replete and after volume depletion. Animals with AV3V lesions had expanded extracellular fluid volume and decreased plasma volume, but total body water was comparable with control-operated rats. Volume-replete and volume-depleted rats with AV3V lesions had significantly higher Prenin than control animals in similar volume states. Although Paldo was not different between groups in the volume-replete state, it was significantly greater in rats with AV3V lesions than in control animals after volume depletion. These data demonstrate that AV3V periventricular ablation results in chronic alterations in the normal body fluid distribution but does not diminish the rats' ability to increase Prenin and Paldo or decrease sodium excretion during volume depletion.

Body-Fluid Composition in Normal and Hypertensive Man

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Bauer ◽  
C. S. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Erythrocyte mass, plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and total body water were simultaneously measured in 30 normotensive and 30 normal-renin hypertensive Caucasian male subjects for accurate determination of the presence or absence of a disorder(s) in body-fluid composition in hypertension. 2. The results indicate that plasma volume and total blood volume are lower in hypertensive subjects than in normotensive control subjects. The PV comprised 19% of the ECFV in both control and hypertensive subjects. 3. ECFV was lower in hypertensive subjects than in normotensive control subjects; the PV and interstitial fluid components of the ECFV were reduced by similar proportions. The ECFV, furthermore, comprised a smaller portion of the total body water in hypertensive subjects than that in control subjects. 4. We conclude that in the hypertensive state there is a reduction in the ECFV, but that there is no change in the partition of the ECFV between the plasma and interstitial components.

Time course and magnitude of changes in total body water, extracellular fluid volume, intracellular fluid volume and plasma volume during submaximal exercise and recovery in horses

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I Lindinger ◽  
Gloria McKeen ◽  
Gayle L Ecker
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the time course and magnitude of changes in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes in relation to changes in total body water during prolonged submaximal exercise and recovery in horses. Seven horses were physically conditioned over a 2-month period and trained to trot on a treadmill. Total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma volume (PV) were measured at rest using indicator dilution techniques (D2O, thiocyanate and Evans Blue, respectively). Changes in TBW were assessed from measures of body mass, and changes in PV and ECFV were calculated from changes in plasma protein concentration. Horses exercised by trotting on a treadmill for 75–120 min incurred a 4.2% decrease in TBW. During exercise, the entire decrease in TBW (mean±standard error: 12.8±2.0 l at end of exercise) could be attributed to the decrease in ECFV (12.0±2.4 l at end of exercise), such that there was no change in intracellular fluid volume (ICFV; 0.9±2.4 l at end of exercise). PV decreased from 22.0±0.5 l at rest to 19.8±0.3 l at end of exercise and remained depressed (18–19 l) during the first 2 h of recovery. Recovery of fluid volumes after exercise was slow, and characterized by a further transient loss of ECFV (first 30 min of recovery) and a sustained increase in ICFV (between 0.5 and 3.5 h of recovery). Recovery of fluid volumes was complete by 13 h post exercise. It is concluded that prolonged submaximal exercise in horses favours net loss of fluid from the extracellular fluid compartment.

Some biochemical and physiological features of normal monkeys (Macaca radiata)

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Srikantia ◽  
C. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Sodium Thiocyanate ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Total Body

Determinations of body-fluid spaces with antipyrine for total-body water and sodium thiocyanate for extracellular fluid volume, hematological indices, and several serum constituents in about 500 Macaca radiata monkeys revealed that most of the values obtained were very similar to values obtained in man. body fluid spaces; hematology Submitted on April 22, 1963

HEMATOLOGICAL AND BODY FLUID ADJUSTMENTS DURING ACCLIMATION TO A COLD ENVIRONMENT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Deb ◽  
J. S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Absolute Basis

Body fluid volumes and hematological values have been compared in rats exposed to 6 °C. for various periods of time and in rats at 30 °C. for comparable periods. Absolute blood and plasma volumes (T1824 space) decreased with time of exposure to 30 °C, while extracellular fluid volume (sodium space), total body water, and body weight increased. Rats transferred from the warm to the cold environment had larger plasma and blood volumes than those of rats at 30 °C. after the first week of exposure. After five weeks, blood volume was 22% greater on an absolute basis and 30% greater relative to total body water than that of the larger rats at 30 °C. There were no differences in extracellular fluid volumes between warm and cold exposed rats at comparable intervals. Total water and intracellular water tended to be greater in rats at 30 °C. on an absolute basis but they were much greater per unit body weight in rats at 6 °C. No differences were observed in red blood cell counts, in hemoglobin concentration, or in plasma specific gravity between warm and cold exposed rats, but there was an increased hematocrit, increased corpuscular volume, and decreased corpuscular hemoglobin content in rats kept at 6 °C. Hemoglobin, red cells, and plasma specific gravity increased with time in both groups.

HEMATOLOGICAL AND BODY FLUID ADJUSTMENTS DURING ACCLIMATION TO A COLD ENVIRONMENT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Deb ◽  
J. S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Absolute Basis

Body fluid volumes and hematological values have been compared in rats exposed to 6 °C. for various periods of time and in rats at 30 °C. for comparable periods. Absolute blood and plasma volumes (T1824 space) decreased with time of exposure to 30 °C, while extracellular fluid volume (sodium space), total body water, and body weight increased. Rats transferred from the warm to the cold environment had larger plasma and blood volumes than those of rats at 30 °C. after the first week of exposure. After five weeks, blood volume was 22% greater on an absolute basis and 30% greater relative to total body water than that of the larger rats at 30 °C. There were no differences in extracellular fluid volumes between warm and cold exposed rats at comparable intervals. Total water and intracellular water tended to be greater in rats at 30 °C. on an absolute basis but they were much greater per unit body weight in rats at 6 °C. No differences were observed in red blood cell counts, in hemoglobin concentration, or in plasma specific gravity between warm and cold exposed rats, but there was an increased hematocrit, increased corpuscular volume, and decreased corpuscular hemoglobin content in rats kept at 6 °C. Hemoglobin, red cells, and plasma specific gravity increased with time in both groups.

scholarly journals Rapid Weight Loss and the Body Fluid Balance and Hemoglobin Mass of Elite Amateur Boxers

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Reljic ◽  
Eike Hässler ◽  
Joachim Jost ◽  
Birgit Friedmann-Bette
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Real Life Setting ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass

Context Dehydration is assumed to be a major adverse effect associated with rapid loss of body mass for competing in a lower weight class in combat sports. However, the effects of such weight cutting on body fluid balance in a real-life setting are unknown. Objective To examine the effects of 5% or greater loss of body mass within a few days before competition on body water, blood volume, and plasma volume in elite amateur boxers. Design Case-control study. Setting Sports medicine laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Seventeen male boxers (age = 19.2 ± 2.9 years, height = 175.1 ± 7.0 cm, mass = 65.6 ± 9.2 kg) were assigned to the weight-loss group (WLG; n = 10) or the control group (CON; n = 7). Intervention(s) The WLG reduced body mass by restricting fluid and food and inducing excessive sweat loss by adhering to individual methods. The CON participated in their usual precompetition training. Main Outcome Measure(s) During an ordinary training period (t-1), 2 days before competition (t-2), and 1 week after competition (t-3), we performed bioelectrical impedance measurements; calculated total body water, intracellular water, and extracellular water; and estimated total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass), blood volume, and plasma volume by the CO-rebreathing method. Results In the WLG, the loss of body mass (5.6% ± 1.7%) led to decreases in total body water (6.0% ± 0.9%), extracellular water (12.4% ± 7.6%), tHbmass (5.3% ± 3.8%), blood volume (7.6% ± 2.1%; P < .001), and plasma volume (8.6% ± 3.9%). The intracellular water did not change (P > .05). At t-3, total body water, extracellular water, and plasma volume had returned to near baseline values, but tHbmass and blood volume still were less than baseline values (P < .05). In CON, we found no changes (P > .05). Conclusions In a real-life setting, the loss of approximately 6% body mass within 5 days induced hypohydration, which became evident by the decreases in body water and plasma volume. The reduction in tHbmass was a surprising observation that needs further investigation.

High dietary sodium chloride consumption may not induce body fluid retention in humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. F585-F595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Heer ◽  
Friedhelm Baisch ◽  
Joachim Kropp ◽  
Rupert Gerzer ◽  
Christian Drummer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Parallel Body

A commonly accepted hypothesis is that a chronically high-sodium diet expands extracellular volume and finally reaches a steady state where sodium intake and output are balanced whereas extracellular volume is expanded. However, in a recent study where the main purpose was to investigate the role of natriuretic peptides under day-to-day sodium intake conditions (Heer M, Drummer C, Baisch F, and Gerzer R. Pflügers Arch 425: 390–394, 1993), our laboratory observed increases in plasma volume without any rise in extracellular volume. To scrutinize these results that were observed as a side effect, we performed a controlled, randomized study including 32 healthy male test subjects in a metabolic ward. The NaCl intake ranged from a low level of 50 meq NaCl/day to 200, 400, and 550 meq/day, respectively. Plasma volume dose dependently increased ( P < 0.01), being elevated by 315 ± 37 ml in the 550-meq-NaCl-intake group. However, in contrast to the increased plasma volume, comparable to study I, total body water did not increase. In parallel, body mass also did not increase. Mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, as an index for intracellular volume, was also unchanged. We conclude from the results of these two independently conducted studies that under the chosen study conditions, in contrast to present opinions, high sodium intake does not induce total body water storage but induces a relative fluid shift from the interstitial into the intravascular space.

Changes in Maternal Body Composition Resulting from Twin Pregnancies

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Maternal Response ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
High Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

The maternal response in terms of changes in weight, plasma volume, total body water, intravascular protein mass and urinary oestriol excretion to a singleton pregnancy has been shown to be related to the size of the baby produced. Twin pregnancies have been studied to assess the maternal response to the double load, to see whether a much greater response is required compared to a singleton pregnancy. It is hoped that this study will eventually show not only what can be considered to be a physiological response to a twin pregnancy, but will show how the maternal organism sometimes fails to respond normally to the double load.Observations were made at 30 to 32 weeks and again between 36 and 39 weeks of pregnancy in 14 primigravid twin pregnancies and 17 multigravid twin pregnancies, as well as in singleton primigravidae. For the purposes of comparison the singleton pregnancies have been divided up by the amount of weight gain during pregnancy. High weight gain was defined as 600 g/week or more during the 20th to 30th weeks. Normal weight gain was 360-540 g/week and low weight gain 320 g/week or less. The observations made were plasma volume using dye T. 1842 (Evan's Blue); total body water using deuterium oxide and measuring in an infrared spectrophotometer; the intravascular protein mass; the red cell mass; and the urinary oestriol excretion.

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