Disturbances of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis and response to growth hormone in acidosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. R120-R128
Author(s):  
Karina Jandziszak ◽  
Carlos Suarez ◽  
Ethan Wasserman ◽  
Ross Clark ◽  
Bonnie Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Final Length

Severe chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) in rats is associated with poor food intake and downregulation of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and liver receptors; the administration of recombinant GH (rGH) fails to improve the growth failure. In mice with carbonic anhydrase II deficiency (CAD), a model of moderate CMA with food intake close to normal, we studied serum levels of GH, IGFs, and IGF-binding proteins, and the growth response to rGH. CAD was associated with low serum levels of GH in males. Randomized administration of rGH from ∼5 to ∼12 wk to CAD mice improved food efficiency and increased serum IGF-I levels, final length, and weight compared with placebo without affecting blood pH. Although administration of rGH also increased linear growth in healthy animals, the effect was less than that in CAD mice and was only observed when started before 6 wk of life. Thus growth failure in CAD mice is associated with a decrease in GH secretion in males but not in females. Long-term administration of rGH increases linear growth in CAD mice despite persistent CMA.

Postprandial changes in plasma growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding proteins in coho salmon fasted for varying periods

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. R352-R361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munetaka Shimizu ◽  
Kathleen A. Cooper ◽  
Walton W. Dickhoff ◽  
Brian R. Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Single Meal

We examined postprandial changes in circulating growth hormone (GH), insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in yearling coho salmon under different feeding regimes. Fish were initially fasted for 1 day, 1 wk, or 3 wk. Fasted fish were then fed, and blood was collected at 4-h intervals over 26 h. After the various periods of fasting, basal levels of insulin were relatively constant, whereas those of IGF-I, IGFBPs and GH changed in proportion to the duration of the fast. A single meal caused a rapid, large increase in the circulating insulin levels, but the degree of the increase was influenced by the fasting period. IGF-I showed a moderate increase 2 h after the meal but only in the regularly fed fish. Plasma levels of 41-kDa IGFBP were increased in all groups within 6 h after the single meal. The fasting period did not influence the response of 41-kDa IGFBP to the meal. IGFBP-1 and GH decreased after the meal to the same extent among groups regardless of the fasting period. The present study shows that insulin and IGF-I respond differently to long (weeks)- and short (hours)-term nutritional changes in salmon; insulin maintains its basal level but changes acutely in response to food intake, whereas IGF-I adjusts its basal levels to the long-term nutritional status and is less responsive to acute nutritional input. IGFBPs maintain their sensitivity to food intake, even after prolonged fasting, suggesting their critical role in the nutritional regulation of salmon growth.

Growth hormone receptor deficiency results in blunted ghrelin feeding response, obesity, and hypolipidemia in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. E317-E325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Egecioglu ◽  
Mikael Bjursell ◽  
Anna Ljungberg ◽  
Suzanne L. Dickson ◽  
John J. Kopchick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Littermate Control ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Increase Food Intake

We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) overexpression in the brain increased food intake, accompanied with increased hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) expression. Ghrelin, which stimulates both appetite and GH secretion, was injected intracerebroventricularly to GHR−/− and littermate control (+/+) mice to determine whether ghrelin's acute effects on appetite are dependent on GHR signaling. GHR−/− mice were also analyzed with respect to serum levels of lipoproteins, apolipoprotein (apo)B, leptin, glucose, and insulin as well as body composition. Central injection of ghrelin into the third dorsal ventricle increased food consumption in +/+ mice, whereas no change was observed in GHR−/− mice. After ghrelin injection, AgRP mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was higher in +/+ littermates than in GHR−/− mice, indicating a possible importance of AgRP in the GHR-mediated effect of ghrelin. Compared with controls, GHR−/− mice had increased food intake, leptin levels, and total and intra-abdominal fat mass per body weight and deceased lean mass. Moreover, serum levels of triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and apoB, as well as glucose and insulin levels were lower in the GHR−/− mice. In summary, ghrelin's acute central action to increase food intake requires functionally intact GHR signaling. Long-term GHR deficiency in mice is associated with high plasma leptin levels, obesity, and increased food intake but a marked decrease in all lipoprotein fractions.

scholarly journals Effects of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide administration on the somatotropic axis

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Soto ◽  
AI Martin ◽  
S Millan ◽  
E Vara ◽  
A Lopez-Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Igf Binding

The aim of this work was to study the effect of chronic activation of the immune system on the somatotropic axis. Accordingly, the changes in growth hormone (GH) secretion, circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in response to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration were examined in adult male Wistar rats. Acute LPS injection (2.5, 25 or 250 microg/kg) increased serum corticosterone in a dose-dependent manner and decreased serum levels of insulin and IGF-I, serum GH concentration declined linearly as the LPS dose increased. Western ligand blot showed an increase in the 33 kDa band (corresponding to IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2) in the rats that received the highest dose of LPS (250 microg/kg). Chronic LPS administration (250 microg/kg daily for 8 days) significantly decreased body weight, serum levels of IGF-I and pituitary GH content, whereas it increased circulating IGFBP-3 (47 kDa band), IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 (33 kDa band) and the 24 kDa band (which possibly corresponds to IGFBP-4). Serum concentration of corticosterone and hypothalamic somatostatin content were also increased by chronic LPS treatment. These data suggest that the decrease in GH and IGF-I secretion and the increase in circulating IGFBPs are important mechanisms in body weight loss during chronic inflammation.

Growth hormone-releasing hormone in the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficient children

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S123-S129
Author(s):  
R.J.M. ROSS ◽  
A. GROSSMAN ◽  
G.M. BESSER ◽  
M.O. SAVAGE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Depot Preparations

ABSTRACT A growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) has recently been extracted and synthesised, and appears to be identical to human hypothalamic GHRH. Immunoreactive GHRH is found in the venous blood of normal subjects and GH-deficient children, but is probably not hypothalamic in origin and therefore not important in GH regulation. GHRH is a potent specific stimulator of GH secretion in man, and provides a valuable diagnostic test in differentiating hypothalamic from pituitary causes of GH deficiency. Preliminary data suggests that GHRH may promote linear growth in some GH deficient children. GHRH may well prove an important alternative therapy for GH deficient children especially if depot preparations or intranasal administration prove effective.

Serum levels of growth hormone during the stunted postnatal development of the vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Boer ◽  
M. Rieutort
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Brattleboro Rats ◽  
Brattleboro Rat ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Constant Period

Levels of GH in serum were assayed during the development of heterozygous (HET) control and vasopressin-deficient homozygous (HOM) Brattleboro rats. In early postnatal growth no differences in GH concentrations were present between HET and HOM rats for the rapid decline in serum levels of GH in the first week and the constant period up to day 24 of age thereafter. However, higher values were found in 55-day-old HOM rats and lower values at the age of 9 months. It is concluded that the stunted development of the body and brain of HOM rats is not GH-related, and that changes or anomalies in GH secretion appear only after neurogenesis has been completed.

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