Interactions between gastric volume and duodenal nutrients in the control of liquid gastric emptying

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. R997-R1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Moran ◽  
James B. Wirth ◽  
Gary J. Schwartz ◽  
Paul R. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Rhesus

We examined the relationships between gastric volume and duodenal glucose load in the regulation of gastric emptying in adult male rhesus monkeys. Intragastric glucose loads (0.125 g/ml) of volumes ranging from 150 to 375 ml empty from the stomach at the same rate from 20 to 120 min. However, to achieve these equivalent emptying rates, progressively larger volumes were emptied in the initial 20 min with increasing gastric volume. Duodenal glucose infusions dose dependently inhibited the 10-min emptying of various volumes of intragastric saline. Although increasing gastric volume resulted in increased emptying, duodenal glucose right-shifted the relationship between initial gastric volume and volume emptied. These data demonstrate that liquid nutrient gastric emptying represents an interaction between gastric volume and nutrient-induced duodenal feedback. For controlled duodenal caloric delivery rates to be established, sufficient nutrient emptying must occur to increase the magnitude of duodenal feedback to withhold a given gastric volume.

Pituitary response to LRH and TRH stimulation and peripheral steroid hormones in conscious and anaesthetized adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

1980 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jean Wickings ◽  
E. Nieschlag
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Male Rhesus

Abstract. Adult male rhesus monkeys are aggressive animals and very difficult to handle. Hence experimental manipulations necessarily involve the use of restraint procedures, either chemical or physical, which may influence endocrine functions. Therefore, the effects of ketamine anaesthesia on basal hormone levels and on the pituitary response to LRH and TRH were investigated in 4 adult male rhesus monkeys. Values were compared to those obtained from the same animals restrained in primate chairs for approximately 48 h, a procedure to which they had been accustomed to over the preceding 6 months. Serum cortisol levels under anaesthesia were at all times lower than in conscious monkeys, but increased after 2 h to values twice as high as measured initially. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different on the two occasions, but levels under anaesthesia were slightly higher initially than in the conscious monkeys, and decreased gradually over the 3 h test period. Initial prolactin levels were lower in the anaesthetized monkeys, and increased 2–3-fold after 90 min; values at 3 h were not significantly different from those in conscious monkeys. Intravenous TRH elicited a similar response in prolactin on both occasions, maximum values occurring after 15–30 min and returning to basal levels after 3 h. The maximum values attained and the area under the response curves were higher under anaesthesia. LRH stimulation resulted in a 15- and 30-fold increase in serum levels of biologically active LH, with and without anaesthesia, respectively. Basal levels were not significantly different on the two occasions. The area under the LH response curve was higher in 3 of the 4 monkeys without anaesthesia. The extent to which results in conscious monkeys are affected by stress is difficult to assess. Since neither handling technique allows for the collection of 'true' basal data, it is paramount to standardize and define the conditions under which experiments, and even routine blood sampling, are performed in male rhesus monkeys.

Effects of testosterone on cognition in young adult male rhesus monkeys

2009 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Lacreuse ◽  
Margaret R. Chiavetta ◽  
Ashley-Ann C. Shirai ◽  
Jerrold S. Meyer ◽  
Daniel R. Grow
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Male Rhesus

scholarly journals Decreased gastric mechanodetection, but preserved gastric emptying, in CCK-1 receptor-deficient OLETF rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (4) ◽  
pp. G640-G649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart C. De Jonghe ◽  
Andras Hajnal ◽  
Mihai Covasa
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Oletf Rats ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Glucose Abnormalities

Obese CCK-1 receptor-lacking Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats are hyperphagic relative to control, nonmutant Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. This study sought to assess whether the overeating observed in OLETF rats is associated with changes in gastric emptying rates or detection of gastric volume. We performed experiments in both 12- and 29-wk-old OLETF and LETO rats to address possible alterations in gastric functions during the development of increased body weight and blood glucose abnormalities in OLETF rats. Gastric emptying of a 5-g solid chow test meal was not significantly different between strains at either 1, 2, or 4 h postmeal. When rats with ad libitum access to chow were tested, there were no significant differences in gastric emptying between strains at any time period despite OLETF rats consuming significantly more chow than LETO rats. Similar to solid food, 5-min gastric emptying of a 5-ml isosmotic and hyperosmotic saline or glucose load was not significantly different between strains. When the stomach was distended with a 15-ml semisolid chow load, there was no significance difference in emptying at either 1 or 2 h. No significant differences in gastric emptying were detected between 12- and 29-wk-old rats under any conditions. Both young and old OLETF rats, however, reduced sham intake significantly less compared with LETO rats during a brief period of gastric distension by 5- or 10-ml balloon inflation. Finally, OLETF rats showed decreased Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract relative to LETO rats after an 8-ml gastric distension. These findings demonstrate that OLETF rats do not express deficits in controlling gastric emptying rates; however, they exhibit decreased behavioral and vagal responsiveness to gastric distension that may contribute to the increased meal size in these animals.

Dietary Restriction of Adult Male Rhesus Monkeys: Design, Methodology, and Preliminary Findings From the First Year of Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. B17-B26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kemnitz ◽  
R. Weindruch ◽  
E. B. Roecker ◽  
K. Crawford ◽  
P. L. Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Rhesus
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