Angiotensin stimulates respiration in spontaneously hypertensive rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. R1125-R1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Jennings ◽  
Heather J. Lockett
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Circumventricular Organs ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Receptor Block ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have an activated brain angiotensin system. We hypothesized 1) that ventilation (V˙) would be greater in conscious SHR than in control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and 2) that intravenous infusion of the ANG II-receptor blocker saralasin would depress respiration in SHR, but not in WKY. Respiration and oxygen consumption (V˙o 2) were measured in conscious aged-matched groups ( n = 16) of adult female SHR and WKY. For protocol 1, rats were habituated to a plethysmograph and measurements obtained over 60–75 min. After installation of chronic intravenous catheters, protocol 2consisted of 30 min of saline infusion (∼14 μl ⋅ kg− 1 ⋅ min− 1) followed by 40 min of saralasin (1.3 μg ⋅ kg− 1 ⋅ min− 1).V˙, tidal volume (VT), inspiratory flow [VT/inspiratory time (Ti)], breath expiratory time, and V˙o 2 were higher, and breath Ti was lower in “continuously quiet” SHR. In SHR, but not in WKY rats, ANG II-receptor block decreasedV˙, VT, and VT/Ti and increased breath Ti. During ANG II-receptor block, an average decrease in V˙o 2 in SHR was not significant. About one-half of the higherV˙ in SHR appears to be accounted for by an ANG II mechanism acting either via peripheral arterial receptors or circumventricular organs.

scholarly journals The effects of angiotensin-(1–7) on the exchanger NHE3 and on [Ca2+]i in the proximal tubules of spontaneously hypertensive rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. F450-F460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regiane Cardoso Castelo-Branco ◽  
Deise C. A. Leite-Dellova ◽  
Fernanda Barrinha Fernandes ◽  
Gerhard Malnic ◽  
Margarida de Mello-Aires
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
High Plasma Level ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

The acute effects of angiotensin-1–7 [ANG-(1–7)] on the reabsorptive bicarbonate flow (J[Formula: see text]) were evaluated using stationary microperfusion in vivo in the proximal tubules of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, using a microelectrode sensitive to H+. In WKY rats, the control J[Formula: see text] was 2.40 ± 0.10 nmol·cm−2·s−1 ( n = 120); losartan (10−7 M) or A779 (10−6 M, a specific Mas antagonist), alone or in combination with losartan, decreased the J[Formula: see text]. ANG-(1–7) had biphasic effects on J[Formula: see text]: at 10−9 M, it inhibited, and at 10−6, it stimulated the flow. S3226 [10−6 M, a specific Na+-H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) antagonist] decreased J[Formula: see text] and changed the stimulatory effect of ANG-(1–7) to an inhibitory one but did not alter the inhibitory action of ANG-(1–7). In SHR, the control J[Formula: see text] was 2.04 ± 0.13 nmol·cm−2·s−1 ( n = 56), and A779 and/or losartan reduced the flow. ANG-(1–7) at 10−9 M increased J[Formula: see text], and ANG-(1–7) at 10−6 M reduced it. The effects of A779, losartan, and S3226 on the J[Formula: see text] were similar to those found in WKY rats, which indicated that in SHR, the ANG-(1–7) action on the NHE3 was via Mas and ANG II type 1. The cytosolic calcium in the WKY or SHR rats was ~100 nM and was increased by ANG-(1–7) at 10−9 or 10−6 M. In hypertensive animals, a high plasma level of ANG-(1–7) inhibited NHE3 in the proximal tubule, which mitigated the hypertension caused by the high plasma level of ANG II.

scholarly journals Exercise changes regional vascular control by commissural NTS in spontaneously hypertensive rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. R291-R297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana A. Ogihara ◽  
Gerhardus H. M. Schoorlemmer ◽  
Adriana C. Levada ◽  
Tania C. Pithon-Curi ◽  
Rui Curi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Vascular Control ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Inhibition of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) induces a fall in sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which suggests that this subnucleus of the NTS is a source of sympathoexcitation. Exercise training reduces sympathetic activity and arterial pressure. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the swimming exercise can modify the regional vascular responses evoked by inhibition of the commNTS neurons in SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Exercise consisted of swimming, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk for 6 wks, with a load of 2% of the body weight. The day after the last exercise session, the rats were anesthetized with intravenous α-chloralose, tracheostomized, and artificially ventilated. The femoral artery was cannulated for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate recordings, and Doppler flow probes were placed around the lower abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Microinjection of 50 mM GABA into the commNTS caused similar reductions in MAP in swimming and sedentary SHR (−25 ± 6 and −30 ± 5 mmHg, respectively), but hindlimb vascular conductance increased twofold in exercised vs. sedentary SHR (54 ± 8 vs. 24 ± 5%). GABA into the commNTS caused smaller reductions in MAP in swimming and sedentary WKY rats (−20 ± 4 and −16 ± 2 mmHg). Hindlimb conductance increased fourfold in exercised vs. sedentary WKY rats (75 ± 2% vs. 19 ± 3%). Therefore, our data suggest that the swimming exercise induced changes in commNTS neurons, as shown by a greater enhancement of hindlimb vasodilatation in WKY vs. SHR rats in response to GABAergic inhibition of these neurons.

Methionine-enkephalin and vasopressin in SHR: effects of dehydration

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. R1007-R1013
Author(s):  
K. Ota ◽  
L. Share ◽  
J. T. Crofton ◽  
D. P. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Methionine Enkephalin ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Shr And Wky Rats

Enkephalins are found in the posterior pituitary, can alter vasopressin secretion, and have greater pressor effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Measurement of the plasma methionine-enkephalin concentration (PMet-Enk) has provided equivocal results in humans and has not been reported in rats. We have developed a highly specific and sensitive Met-Enk radioimmunoassay and determined that Met-Enk circulates in rats but that PMet-Enk is no different between SHR and WKY rats (7.6 +/- 0.8 and 9.2 +/- 0.8 pg/ml, respectively). Water deprivation for 48 h increased the plasma vasopressin concentration (PADH) and 24-h urinary vasopressin excretion (UADHV) in SHR and WKY rats, but PMet-Enk was not altered. There were no differences in PADH and UADHV between SHR and WKY rats in either the euhydrated or dehydrated state. These results suggest that it is unlikely that circulating Met-Enk contributes importantly to the maintenance of hypertension in SHR. There was also no evidence for a greater secretion of vasopressin in SHR than in WKY rats, in contrast to previous reports.

scholarly journals Role of cholinergic receptors in adrenal catecholamine secretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. R1057-R1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nagayama ◽  
Takayuki Matsumoto ◽  
Makoto Yoshida ◽  
Mizue Suzuki-Kusaba ◽  
Hiroaki Hisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Nicotinic Receptors ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

We investigated the role of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in secretion of catecholamines induced by transmural electrical stimulation (ES) from isolated perfused adrenal glands of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. ES (1–10 Hz) produced frequency-dependent increases in epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) output as measured in perfusate. The ES-induced increases in NE output, but not Epi output, were significantly greater in adrenal glands of SHRs than in those of WKY rats. Hexamethonium (10–100 μM) markedly inhibited the ES-induced increases in Epi and NE output from adrenal glands of SHRs and WKY rats. Atropine (0.3–3 μM) inhibited the ES-induced increases in Epi and NE output from adrenal glands of SHRs, but not from those of WKY rats. These results suggest that endogenous acetylcholine-induced secretion of adrenal catecholamines is predominantly mediated by nicotinic receptors in SHRs and WKY rats and that the contribution of muscarinic receptors may be different between these two strains.

scholarly journals Effect of a methionine-supplemented diet on the blood pressure of Wistar–Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Robin ◽  
Véronique Maupoil ◽  
Frédérique Groubatch ◽  
Pascal Laurant ◽  
Alain Jacqueson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Methionine Concentration ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the effect of a methionine-supplemented diet as a model of hyperhomocysteinaemia on the systolic blood pressure (BP) and vasomotor functions of aortic rings in Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). WKY and SHR rats, randomised into four groups, were fed a normal semisynthetic diet or a methionine (8 g/kg)-supplemented diet for 10 weeks. Systolic BP was measured non-invasively. At the end of the experiment, plasma homocysteine, methionine, cysteine and glutathione levels were determined. Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation of aortic rings were measured. The methionine-supplemented diet induced a significant increase in plasma homocysteine and methionine concentration in both WKY and SHR rats, an increase in plasma cysteine concentrations in WKY rats and an increase in the glutathione concentration in SHR. The systolic BP of WKY rats fed the methionine-supplemented diet increased significantly (P<0·01), whereas systolic BP was reduced in SHR. An enhanced aortic responsiveness to noradrenaline and a decreased relaxation induced by acetylcholine and bradykinin were observed in the WKY rats fed the methionine-enriched diet. In SHR, the bradykinin-induced relaxation was reduced, but the sodium nitroprusside response was increased. In conclusion, a methionine-enriched diet induced a moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia and an elevated systolic BP in WKY rats that was consistent with the observed endothelial dysfunction. In SHR, discrepancies between the decreased systolic BP and the vascular alterations suggest more complex interactions of the methionine-enriched diet on the systolic BP. Further investigations are needed to understand the paradoxical effect of a methionine-rich diet on systolic BP.

Clonidine fails to reduce pressor responsiveness of conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats to vasopressin

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Datar ◽  
William H. Laverty ◽  
J. Robert McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Reflex Activity ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Shr And Wky Rats

Pressor responses and heart rate responses to intravenous injections (3.5–50.0 pmol/kg) of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were recorded in saline- and clonidine-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Clonidine (20 μg/kg, i. v.) caused a marked fall of arterial pressure in SHR but not in WKY rats so that, 20 min after the injection of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist, arterial pressure was similar in the two strains of rats. The curve expressing the relationship between the dose of AVP and the increase of arterial pressure for saline-treated SHR was positioned to the left of that for saline-treated WKY rats. This enhanced pressor responsiveness of SHR to AVP may have been related to impaired reflex activity since heart rate fell much less in SHR than in WKY rats for a given elevation in pressure. Pressure responses to AVP were augmented by clonidine in both SHR and WKY rats so that, similar to saline-treated rats, pressor responsiveness to the peptide was still greater in SHR. Heart rate responses to AVP were not altered significantly by clonidine. The results indicate that clonidine fails to enhance reflex activity and reduce pressor responsiveness of SHR to AVP. The increased pressor responsiveness of both SHR and WKY rats to AVP following clonidine was an unexpected finding and may be related to a peripheral interaction between α-adrenergic agonists and AVP.

scholarly journals Perindoprilat Changes ANG (1-9) Production in Renal Arteries Isolated From Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After ANG I Incubation

2016 ◽  
pp. 561-570
Author(s):  
P. P. WOŁKOW ◽  
B. BUJAK-GIŻYCKA ◽  
J. JAWIEŃ ◽  
R. OLSZANECKI ◽  
J. MADEJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

We used mass spectrometry to quantitate production of angiotensinogen metabolites in renal artery of 3- and 7-month-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Tissue fragments were incubated for 15 min in oxygenated buffer, with added angiotensin I. Concentrations of angiotensins I (ANG I), II (ANG II), III (ANG III), IV (ANG IV), angiotensin (1-9) [ANG (1-9)], angiotensin (1-7) [ANG (1-7)], and angiotensin (1-5) [ANG (1-5)], excreted into the buffer during experiment, were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and expressed per mg of dry tissue. Effects of pretreatment with 10 μM perindoprilat on the production of ANG I metabolites were quantitated. Background production of any of ANG I metabolites differed neither between WKY and SHR rats nor between 3- and 7-month-old rats. Perindoprilat pretreatment of renal arteries resulted, as expected, in decrease of ANG II production. However, renal arteries of 7-month-old SHR rats were resistant to ACE inhibitor and did not change ANG II production in response to perindoprilat. In renal arteries, taken from 3-month-old rats, pretreated with perindoprilat, incubation with ANG I, resulted in the level of ANG (1-9) significantly higher in SHR than WKY rats. Our conclusion is that in SHR rats, sensitivity of renal artery ACE to perindoprilat inhibition changes with age.

scholarly journals Physiological and Behavioral Effects of d-threo-methylphenidate Hydrochloride in Male Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sayler ◽  
Linda Tennison ◽  
David Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Millions of children and adults worldwide are diagnosed with Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and yet its very existence, definition, and treatment are surrounded with discord and controversy. ADHD and its treatments are brought together through this investigation into the effects that drug therapy has on Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and a strain of Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR) selectively inbred from WKY rats. The effects of the drug d-threo-methylphenidate hydrochloride (d-MPH - the d-isomer of the ADHD drug Ritalin) on spatial working memory abilities, overall growth rate, blood glucose levels, blood pH, and erythrocyte membrane lipids were examined in the two rat strains. Although all four physiological properties remained constant and normal over the course of the experiment, the spatial working memory abilities were inhibited in WKY rats receiving the drug. These results suggest that the d-isomer of this drug may have a significant impact on cognitive function in rats and possibly humans.

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