Na and nonelectrolyte entry into inner ear fluids of the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. F50-F58 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sterkers ◽  
E. Ferrary ◽  
G. Saumon ◽  
C. Amiel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Endothelial Barrier ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Epithelial Secretion ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrophilic Solutes ◽  
Inner Ear Fluids ◽  
Scala Vestibuli

Kinetics of hydrophilic solute entry into endolymph (EL), perilymph (PL), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied after intravenous administration (sodium, urea, glycerol, mannitol, sucrose) and cerebral lateral ventricle injection (urea, sucrose) of tracers in anesthetized rats. Samples of cochlear EL, PL of scala vestibuli (PLV), PL of scala tympani (PLT), and cisternal CSF were obtained. The data showed slow entry of tracers in PLV, PLT, and CSF as follows: Na greater than urea greater than mannitol approximately sucrose; slower entry of mannitol and sucrose in PLT and CSF than in PLV; 1 h delayed peak of radioactivity in PLV compared with the immediate peaks in PLT and CSF after CSF injection, and the value of PLV peak was 13% that in CSF; extremely slow entry of nonelectrolytes in EL. These results indicate that PLV originates mainly from plasma across a blood-perilymph barrier that restricts the entry of small hydrophilic solutes. The blood-perilymph barrier is most likely composed of an endothelial barrier associated with an epithelial secretion. The latter could be located at the vasculo-epithelial zone of the spiral limbus.

K, Cl, and H2O entry in endolymph, perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid of the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. F173-F180 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sterkers ◽  
G. Saumon ◽  
P. Tran Ba Huy ◽  
C. Amiel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Rapid Turnover ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Scala Vestibuli

The kinetics of radioactive potassium, chloride, and water entry into endolymph, perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid were studied after intravenous administration of tracers in anesthetized and nephrectomized rats. Samples of cochlear endolymph, perilymph of scala vestibuli, perilymph of scala tympani, and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid were obtained. The data showed: 1) a rapid turnover of water in endolymph, perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid, since 3H2O equilibrated with plasma in a few minutes; 2) a slow entry of 42K and 36Cl in perilymph, since 36Cl equilibrated with plasma after 2 h and 42K did not at 6 h; 3) an extremely slow entry of 42K and 36Cl in endolymph, since no equilibrium with plasma was obtained within the 5 h of the experiments. The comparison of the compartmental analysis of our data with the results of other studies using perilymphatic perfusion of tracers indicated that perilymph rather than plasma may be considered as the precursor of endolymph.

Sodium and Potassium Concentrations in the Endolymph and Perilymph of the Cat

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Makimoto ◽  
Herbert Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Flame Photometer ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Scala Vestibuli

Inner ear fluid from the scala vestibuli, scala tympani, scala media, utricle, and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from 47 normal cats, and analyzed for sodium and potassium concentrations with a flame photometer. Each compartment was found to have its own different values for sodium and potassium concentration. Perilymph in the scala vestibuli possesses a lower sodium concentration than perilymph in the scala tympani; in potassium concentration the perilymph in the scala vestibuli shows a higher value than that of the scala tympani. Compared with cochlear endolymph, utricular endolymph contains a higher concentration of sodium and a lower concentration of potassium. These concentration differences, which are related to the characteristics of membrane transport in each compartment of inner ear fluid, are considered to be adequate to sustain normal biological conditions of the inner ear.

How Are Inner Ear Fluids Formed?

Physiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
O Sterkers ◽  
E Ferrary ◽  
C Amiel
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Inner Ear Fluids ◽  
Plasma Ultrafiltrate ◽  
Scala Vestibuli

The inner ear contains fluids that differ widely in composition and origin. The perilymph (in scala vestibuli and scala tympani) resembles a plasma ultrafiltrate, whereas the endolymph (in scala media) is a K+-rich fluid. The precursor of perilymph is blood plasma. The formation of endolymph proceeds from perilymph, is dependent on Na+-K+-ATPase activity, and also appears to involve a still unidentified electrogenic K+-transporting system.

Facilitated transfer of glucose from blood into perilymph in the rat cochlea

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. F59-F65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ferrary ◽  
O. Sterkers ◽  
G. Saumon ◽  
P. Tran Ba Huy ◽  
C. Amiel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Facilitated Transport ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Glucose Transfer ◽  
Rat Cochlea ◽  
Scala Vestibuli

The transport of glucose into cochlear endolymph, perilymph of scala vestibuli and perilymph of scala tympani, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied after intravenous administration of tracers of D-glucose, L-glucose, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose in anesthetized rats. The data showed that D-glucose concentrations in perilymph of scala vestibuli, perilymph of scala tympani, and CSF were approximately 50%, and in endolymph less than 10%, that in plasma; D-glucose concentration in perilymph of scala vestibuli, perilymph of scala tympani, and CSF increased as a linear function of that in plasma; D-glucose entry into perilymph of scala vestibuli, perilymph of scala tympani, and CSF was more rapid than that of L-glucose; after infusion of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, but not after that of mannitol, both the D-glucose concentration ratio of perilymph over plasma and D-glucose transfer into perilymph were lowered. These results indicate that D-glucose enters into perilymph of scala vestibuli by a facilitated transport, possibly located at the blood-perilymph barrier.

Acute labyrinthitis associated with systemicCandida albicansinfection in ageing mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Ashman ◽  
John M. Papadimitriou ◽  
Alma Fulurija
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Scala Vestibuli

AbstractThe yeastCandida albicansis an important opportunistic pathogen that has been associated with disease of the inner ear. This study describes the histopathology of acute labyrinthitis caused by systemic infection with C.albicansin ageing inbred mice. Within four days after infection, yeast and hyphal forms of C.albicanswere found in the membranous labyrinth. The utricle and the adjacent parts of the ampullary regions of the semicircular canals were most severely affected, but damage was also seen in the scala media, the Scala tympani, the saccule, and the scala vestibuli. In the utricle, the lining epithelium of the membranous labyrinth was disrupted, and the lining cells of the vestibular membrane showed foci in which the membrane was disrupted. The data suggest that age may represent a risk factor for fungal labyrinthitis.

AMINO ACID PROFILES IN INNER EAR FLUIDS AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 321???328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. THALMANN ◽  
T. H. COMEGYS ◽  
I. THALMANN
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Inner Ear Fluids

Orthostatic hearing loss: audiovestibular manifestations of spontaneous intracranial hypotension

2020 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2019-002479
Author(s):  
Frederick Schon ◽  
Arun Karunakaran ◽  
Sarah Shanmuganathan ◽  
Arani Nitkunan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear Fluids

A 36-year-old woman with severe postural headaches caused by spontaneous intracranial hypotension developed bilateral hearing loss. Her hearing loss varied in severity and also at times affected one ear more than the other. She noticed her hearing returned to normal on lying flat, and this was confirmed on audiometry. Her hearing fully recovered after treatment with blood patches. Audiovestibular symptoms affect up to 70% of people with spontaneous intracranial hypotension but are probably under-reported. Cerebrospinal fluid and inner ear fluids are related in two separate channels: the vestibular and the cochlear aqueducts. We discuss their role in the postural hearing loss of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Vasopressin enhances the clearance of β-endorphin immunoreactivity from rat cerebrospinal fluid

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. J. Sweep ◽  
Margreet D. Boomkamp ◽  
István Barna ◽  
A. Willeke Logtenberg ◽  
Victor M. Wiegant
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injection ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Administration ◽  
Biphasic Pattern ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The effect of intracerebroventricular (lateral ventricle) administration of arginine8-vasopressin (AVP) on the concentration of β-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained from the cisterna magna was studied in rats. A decrease was observed 5 min following injection of 0.9 fmol AVP. No statistically significant changes were found 5 min after intracerebroventricular treatment of rats with 0.09 or 9 fmol. The decrease induced by 0.9 fmol AVP was of short duration and was found 5 min after treatment but not 10 and 20 min. Desglycinamide9-AVP (0.97 fmol), [pGlu4, Cyt6]-AVP-(4–9) (1.44 fmol), Nα-acetyl-AVP (0.88 fmol), lysine8-vasopressin (0.94 fmol) and oxytocin (1 fmol) when intracerebroventricularly injected did not affect the levels of β-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid 5 min later. This suggests that the intact AVP-(1–9) molecule is required for this effect. Intracerebroventricular pretreatment of rats with the vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (8.63 fmol) completely blocked the effect of AVP (0.9 fmol). In order to investigate further the underlying mechanism, the effect of AVP on the disappearance from the cerebrospinal fluid of exogenously applied β-endorphin was determined. Following intracerebroventricular injection of 1.46 pmol camel β-endorphin-(1–31), the β-endorphin immunoreactivity levels in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid increased rapidly, and reached peak values at 10 min. The disappearance of β-endorphin immunoreactivity from the cerebrospinal fluid then followed a biphasic pattern with calculated half-lifes of 28 and 131 min for the initial and the terminal phase, respectively. Treatment of rats with AVP (0.9 fmol; icv) during either phase (10, 30, 55 min following intracerebroventricular administration of 1.46 pmol β-endorphin-(1–31)) significantly enhanced the disappearance of β-endorphin immunoreactivity from the cerebrospinal fluid. The data suggest that vasopressin plays a role in the regulation of β-endorphin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid by modulating clearance mechanisms via V1-receptors in the brain.

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