Respiratory and cardiovascular alterations during the process of anoxic death in the newborn

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cassin ◽  
H. G. Swann ◽  
B. Cassin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Circulatory Failure ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
Respiratory Responses ◽  
Newborn Animals

A systematic investigation was conducted during the process of anoxic death in newborn pups, rabbits and kittens less than 24 hr. old. Simultaneous measurements of respiration, heart rate and blood pressure were made. Considerable individual variation in the respiratory responses of newborn animals breathing nitrogen was noted. Under hypoxic conditions, respiratory failure may follow circulatory failure in the adult, whereas in the newborn, respiratory failure always occurred long before circulatory failure. The effect of anoxia on the cardiovascular system of the newborn at the time of the last breath was not as pronounced as might have been anticipated. Great individual differences with respect to blood pressure and heart rate throughout the period of anoxia were noted. The systolic blood pressure, on the average, was seen initially to fall more rapidly than the diastolic blood pressure or heart rate; it then slowly tapered off. The circulatory system was noted to function, although at hypotensive levels, for long periods of anoxia. Submitted on June 29, 1959

Short-term variability of blood pressure and heart rate in Guillain-Barré syndrome without respiratory failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djillali ANNANE ◽  
Véronique BAUDRIE ◽  
Anne-Sophie BLANC ◽  
Dominique LAUDE ◽  
Jean-Claude RAPHAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Short Term Variability

scholarly journals Endotracheal tube mal-insertion via Zenker’s diverticulum to trachea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Cheng Chen ◽  
◽  
Yi-Hsun Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Zenker’S Diverticulum ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Tube Insertion ◽  
Ventilator Support ◽  
Zenker's Diverticulum

An 86-year-old woman with chronic respiratory failure was under endotracheal tube insertion and mechanical ventilator support for 2 months due to previous intra-cranial hemorrhage. She presented with difficult nasogastric (NG) tube insertion after changing endotracheal tube and was transferred to our emergency room. The initial vital signs were blood pressure: 136/85 mmHg, heart rate: 100 bpm, respiratory rate: 20 cpm, body temperature: 36.5o c, and SpO2 : 100% under ventilator support, and stupor consciousness was remained as usual. The physical examination showed bilateral clear breath sound. We tried the NG tube insertion again but in vain; therefore, the esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed for NG tube insertion and revealed malposition of the endotracheal tube over upper esophagus and Zenker’s diverticulum with ulcerations (Panel A). Endotracheal tube was inserted to the esophagus, via the Zenker’s diverticulum, and then to the trachea. The neck CT confirmed the diagnosis (Panel B). After endotracheal tube replacement via bronchoscopy and supportive care with antibiotics treatment, the patient was discharged after admission for two weeks.

BMI AND CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS OF SOME ETHNIC GROUPS IN KONTUM

2013 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Van Toan Vo ◽  
Van Trong Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Heart Frequency ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Arterial Blood

Objectives: Research the index morphology and physiology of the pupil in the ages of 11 to 14. Subjects and Methods: Subjects the pupil in the ages from 11 to 14 years including Kinh, Dẻ, Xê Đăng, Rơ Ngao and Mơ Nâm. Researching indicators include: BMI, heart rate, arterial blood pressure. Methods: Routine methods were standardized to examine the morphological and physiological indicators. Results: (i) Research results show that in the period from 11 to 14 years the index morphology and physiology of the pupil is still not stable. (ii) Height and weight increases with age class. The change in height and weight make changes in BMI. (iii) Based on BMI can see that most pupils are not provided adequate nutrition. Conclusion: In the period 11-14 years, operation of the circulatory system is stabilized gradually, heart frequency decreases but blood pressure increases with age

scholarly journals High-Flow Oxygen through Nasal Cannula vs. Non-Invasive Ventilation in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5994
Author(s):  
Yiannis Papachatzakis ◽  
Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis ◽  
Sofoklis Kontogiannis ◽  
Georgia Trakada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
High Flow Oxygen

High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula (HFNC) provides adequate oxygenation and can be an alternative to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of HFNC versus NIV in hypercapnic respiratory failure. Patients (n = 40) who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Alexandra Hospital due to hypercapnic respiratory failure (PaCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg) were randomized assigned into two groups, i.e., an intervention group (use of HFNC, n = 20) and a control group (use of NIV, n = 20). During their hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit, vital signs (respiratory and heart rate, arterial blood pressure) and arterial blood gases (ABG) were closely monitored on admission, after 24 h and at discharge. No difference between the two groups regarding the duration of hospitalization and the use of HFNC or NIV was observed (p > 0.05). On admission, the two groups did not differ in terms of gender, age, body mass index, APACHE score, predicted death rate, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and arterial blood gases (p > 0.05). Respiratory rate in the HFNC group was lower than in the NIV group (p = 0.023). At discharge, partial carbon dioxide arterial pressure (PaCO2) in the HFNC group was lower than in the NIV group (50.8 ± 9.4 mmHg versus 59.6 ± 13.9 mmHg, p = 0.024). The lowerPaCO2 in the HFNC group than in the NIV group indicated that HFNC was superior to NIV in the management of hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Inhibitory effects of CO2 on airway defensive reflexes in enflurane-anesthetized humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2642-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nishino ◽  
K. Hiraga ◽  
Y. Honda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Ventilatory Drive ◽  
Enflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
Airway Irritation ◽  
Respiratory Responses

We investigated responses of respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate to tracheal mucosa irritation induced by injection of distilled water at three different levels of CO2 ventilatory drive in 11 spontaneously breathing female patients under a constant depth of enflurane anesthesia [1.1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)]. The airway irritation at the resting level of spontaneous breathing caused a variety of respiratory responses such as coughing, expiration reflex, apnea, and spasmodic panting, with considerable increases in blood pressure and heart rate. Although the latency of respiratory responses after water injection was much shorter than those of blood pressure and heart rate responses, blood pressure and heart rate responses, once elicited, were prolonged much longer than was the respiratory response. An increase in CO2 ventilatory drive decreased the degree and duration of respiratory, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to the airway irritation, whereas a decrease in CO2 ventilatory drive had the opposite effect on these responses. Our results indicate that changes in CO2 ventilatory drive can modify reflex responses of respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate to airway irritation.

Short-term variability of blood pressure and heart rate in Guillain-Barreá syndrome without respiratory failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djillali ANNANE ◽  
Véronique BAUDRIE ◽  
Anne-Sophie BLANC ◽  
Dominique LAUDE ◽  
Jean-Claude RAPHAËL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heart Period Variability ◽  
Period Variability ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Short Term Variability

The effect of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) on the short-term variability of blood pressure and heart rate was evaluated in six patients presenting with a moderate form of the syndrome, i.e. unable to stand up unaided and without respiratory failure, at the height of the disease and during recovery. The patients were compared with six age-matched healthy volunteers. During the acute phase of the syndrome, GBS patients exhibited a significant heart rate elevation (+26 beats/min compared with healthy subjects), but the acceleratory response to atropine, or to 60 ° head-up tilt, was maintained. Resting plasma noradrenaline levels were high in acute GBS, but the secretory response to tilt was preserved. Desensitization to noradrenaline was observed in acute GBS with a reduced pressor action of this α-adrenoceptor agonist. Blood pressure levels were normal and head-up tilt did not induce orthostatic hypotension in this moderate form of GBS. Power spectral analysis demonstrated marked alterations in cardiovascular variability. The overall heart period variability was markedly reduced with the reduction predominantly in the high-frequency (respiratory) range (-73%). The low-frequency component of heart period variability was also reduced (-54%). This cardiovascular profile of moderate GBS at the height of the disease could result from a demyelination of the reflex loop controlling respiratory oscillations in heart rate and from a desensitization of the arterial tree to an elevated plasma noradrenaline. Sympathetic nervous activation may contribute to the high resting heart rate in acute GBS.

Eugenol: Some Pharmacologic Observations

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. Sticht ◽  
Roy M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Electric Activity ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Myocardial Contractile Force ◽  
Myocardial Contractile ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Eugenol introduced directly into the circulatory system of the dog caused a strong but transient reduction in arterial blood pressure and myocardial contractile force, without appreciably changing heart rate or electric activity. Intra-arterial injection of the drug resulted in increased blood flow to the region.

scholarly journals The usage of a hydraulic model of the vascular system in the development of verification units for blood pressure measuring devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-382
Author(s):  
A I Soyko ◽  
R N Karataev ◽  
I V Klyushkin ◽  
V A Gogin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Heart Rate Measurement ◽  
Human Circulatory System

The hydraulic model of the human circulatory system was discussed, presented from the position of classification and systematization of the major blood vessels, identified were the main consumers of the circulatory system, considered in detail was the area of regulation associated with the processes of blood pressure and heart rate measurement.

scholarly journals The use of a new semi-quantitative rapid test for procalcitonin in the diagnosis of multisegmental community-acquired pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Sabina S. Bayramova ◽  
Konstantin Yu. Nikolayev ◽  
Oksana V. Tsygankova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Procalcitonin Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Mean

Aim. Evaluation of the possibilities of a new semi-quantitative rapid test for procalcitonin in the diagnosis of multisegmental community-acquired pneumonia. Materials and methods. A one-stage comparative study involved 123 patients hospitalized in a hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. The mean age of the patients was 49.521.0 (MSD) years. On the first day of hospitalization, all patients underwent a general clinical examination, chest x-ray, and a plasma procalcitonin level was determined using a semi-quantitative rapid test. Results. Indicators of a new semi-quantitative rapid test for procalcitonin of at least 2 ng/ml are directly related to laboratory and instrumental indicators reflecting the severity of community-acquired pneumonia, namely, the severity of respiratory failure (p=0.001), respiratory rate (p=0.001), and heart rate contractions (p=0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.025), oxygen saturation (p=0,001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p=0.021), fibrinogen (p=0.003) and high CRB-65 scores (p=0.001). They are also associated with multisegmental community-acquired pneumonia (2=4.7; p=0.030) and complications of this disease, such as hydrothorax (p=0.029) and death (2=22.1; p=0.001). Conclusion. Using a new semi-quantitative rapid test for procalcitonin allows you to optimize the diagnosis of complications of community-acquired pneumonia and determine the high risk of multisegmental pneumonia.

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