Urinary catecholamine excretion on acute induction to high altitide (3,658 m)

Fifty healthy male volunteers, 21–34 yr of age, normally residentat altitudes less than 1,000 m, were airlifted to 3,658 m. Urinary excretion of catecholamines was measured at sea level (198 m) and on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 10th day of a stay at high altitude. The symptoms observed on exposure to high altitude were assigned arbitrary scores. The volunteers could,on this basis, be divided into “symptomatic” and “asymptomatic” groups. Thetwo groups showed a markedly different pattern of urinary catecholamines excretion on exposure to high altitude and on return to sea level. Significant increase in the catecholamine excretion was observed in thesymptomatic grouponly. A possible role for enhanced sympathoadrenal activity in the etiopathogenesis of high-altitude illnesses is postulated.

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Urinary catecholamine excretion on induction to high altitude (3,658 m) by air and road

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1977.42.5.728 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 728-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. S. Hoon ◽

S. C. Sharma ◽

V. Balasubramanian ◽

K. S. Chadha

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

High Altitude ◽

Initial Study ◽

Urinary Catecholamine ◽

Catecholamine Excretion ◽

Sympathoadrenal Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Altitude Illness ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals ◽

Altitude Illnesses

In a preliminary pilot study we had reported a significant difference in urinary catecholamine excretion between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals inducted to high altitude by air. The present study covers slower induction by road; 25 lowlanders ascended from 1,800 to 3,658 m in 50 h and 33 similar subjects covered the journey in 6 h. They were studied according to the protocal used in the initial study. None of the 58 subjects inducted by road developed symptoms of high-altitude illness. Their urinary catecholamine excretion remained normal during the 10 days' stay at high altitude. These findings lend support to our earlier contention that there might be a relationship between increased sympathoadrenal activity and high-altitude illnesses.

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URINARY CATECHOLAMINE EXCRETION BY HEALTHY CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.39.2.252 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 252-257

Author(s):

Mary L. Voorhess

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Age Groups ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Urinary Catecholamine ◽

Catecholamine Excretion ◽

Daily Output ◽

The Mean

There is increase in the daily urinary excretion of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) with age. The mean output in micrograms per 24 hours for various age groups is as follows: birth to 1 year-DA 60.9 (± 24.3), NE 10.6 (± 3.4), E 1.3 (± 1.2), VMA 569 (± 309); 1 through 5 years—DA 124.1 (± 40.7), NE (18.8 ± 7.0), E 3.2 (± 2.7), VMA 1348 (± 433); 6 through 15 years—DA 169.3 (± 72.6), NE 37.4 (± 16.6), E 4.8 (± 2.4), VMA 2373 (± 698); over 15 years—DA 249.1 (± 74.9), NE 50.7 (± 15.7), E 7.1 (± 3.3), VMA 3192 (± 699). The studies suggest that the daily output of these compounds in the various age groups is similar when related to body surface area after infancy.

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THE VALUE OF SERIAL CATECHOLAMINE DETERMINATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROBLASTOMA

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.30.2.241 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 241-246

Author(s):

Mary L. Voorhess ◽

Lytt I. Gardner

Keyword(s):

Clinical Evidence ◽

Recurrent Disease ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Urinary Catecholamine ◽

Urinary Catecholamines ◽

Surgical Exploration ◽

Catecholamine Excretion ◽

Urinary Dopamine ◽

The Right ◽

Superior Pole

Urinary catecholamine excretion was measured in a 4-year-old child with neuroblastoma arising from the right adrenal. Initially urinary dopamine and norepinephrine output was high. Because the tumor was inoperable a course of radiation therapy and chemotherapy was given. Following this treatment catecholamine excretion decreased but never reached normal levels. Although there was no clinical evidence of persistent tumor, the elevated urinary output of dopamine and norepinephrine indicated residual neuroblastoma. Therefore surgical exploration was performed and tumor was found overlying the superior pole of the right kidney. After removal of this persistent neuroblastoma the urinary excretion of catecholamines returned to normal and remained at this level. The child has no evidence of recurrent disease and appears healthy. To our knowledge this represents the first reported case wherein the indication for surgical removal of residual neuroblastoma was based solely on elevated output of urinary catecholamines.

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Urinary catecholamine excretion in temporary residents of high altitude

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1978.44.5.725 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 725-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. C. Sharma ◽

R. S. Hoon ◽

V. Balasubramanian ◽

K. S. Chadha

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Excretion Rate ◽

Sympathoadrenal System ◽

Urinary Catecholamine ◽

Pathogenetic Role ◽

Catecholamine Excretion ◽

Altitude Exposure

Urinary catecholamine excretion was estimated in 50 lowlanders temporarily staying at altitudes above 3,000 m. They were divided in subgroups according to the length of their continuous stay. For comparison, 25 highlanders who were born and brought up at high altitude and 50 lowlanders who had never been to altitudes of more than 1,000 m were also studied. High catecholamine excretion was noted in temporary residents staying at high altitude for up to 30 days as compared to that in lowlanders (P greater than 0.01). The excretion rate gradually returned to basal values thereafter. Catecholamines were essentially similar in lowlanders and highlanders. The significance of these findings is discussed regarding the possible pathogenetic role of the sympathoadrenal system in the development of ill effects in respone to high-altitude exposure.

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Association Between Urinary Catecholamine Excretion and Urine Volume

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-0926-3532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (08) ◽

pp. 531-538

Author(s):

Michael Haap ◽

Friedemann Blaschka ◽

Rainer Lehmann ◽

Annika Hoyer ◽

Karsten Müssig

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Secondary Hypertension ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Urinary Catecholamine ◽

Catecholamine Excretion ◽

Urine Examination ◽

Urinary Dopamine

AbstractSeveral confounders must be considered in the evaluation of urinary catecholamine excretion. However, literature is contradictory about potential confounders. The aim of the present study was to assess correlations between catecholamine excretion and anthropometric or clinical parameters with special attention to urine volume. A total of 967 24-h urinary catecholamine measurements were performed in 593 patients for diagnostic purposes. The indication for urine examination was suspicion of secondary hypertension, phaeochromocytoma, or paraganglioma. From the patients examined, 57% were females and 43% were males. The patients’ age ranged between 15 and 87 years with a median [Q1; Q3] of 51 [39; 62] years. Seventy-eight percent of the patients suffered from hypertension. Seventy percent of patients took one or more antihypertensive drugs. The most commonly used drugs were ACE inhibitors (43%), while α-blockers (15%) were the least used drugs. Urinary excretion was between 500 and 11 950 ml/24 h with a median of 2200 [1600; 2685] ml/24 h. The median body mass index (BMI) was 26.7 [24.0; 30.4] kg/m2. The excretion of all catecholamines was greater in men than in women (all p<0.0001). Epinephrine (p=0.0026), dopamine (p<0.0001), and metanephrine (p=0.0106) excretion decreased with age. BMI was associated with urinary excretion of dopamine (p<0.0001), norepinephrine (p=0.0026), normetanephrine (p<0.0001), and homovanillylmandelic acid (HVMA; p=0.0251). Urine volume correlated with urinary dopamine (p=0.0127), metanephrine (p<0.0001), normetanephrine (p=0.0070), and HVMA (p<0.0028) excretion. In addition to the established associations between urinary catecholamine excretion and age, gender, and BMI in the present study, urinary catecholamine excretion correlated also with urine volume.

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URINARY CATECHOLAMINE EXCRETION IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.42.4.598 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 598-605

Author(s):

Leo Stern ◽

Angeles Ramos ◽

Jean Leduc

Keyword(s):

Comparative Studies ◽

Excretion Rate ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Urinary Catecholamine ◽

Urinary Catecholamines ◽

Catecholamine Excretion ◽

Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽

Noradrenaline Depletion ◽

Diabetic Mothers

A transient, often profound, hypoglycemia is usually found in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. Normally, hypoglycemia results in large increases in urinary catecholamines, mainly as the adrenaline fraction. Multiple excretion rate studies were carried out in 21 infants of diabetic mothers in hypo ("low") and normoglycemic ("high") periods assigned on the basis of blood sugars below or above 40 mg/100 ml. Mean level was 25 mg/100 ml (range, 7 to 39) for the "low" and 72 mg/100 ml (range, 45 to 133) for the "high" periods. Mean urinary catecholamines were for adrenaline, 0.030 ± 0.006 nanograms(ng)/kg/minute in the "high" and 0.029 ± 0.009 ng/kg/minute in the "low" periods. For noradrenaline the comparable values were 0.388 ± 0.060 ng/kg/minute falling to 0.281 ± 0.044 ng/kg/minute. In 16 of the 21 infants comparative studies were available for each infant in both periods. Analyzed as the differences between pairs, there was no change in adrenaline but a highly significant (p < 0.001) decline in noradrenaline following hypoglycemia. In addition to the failure of the anticipated hypoglycemic increase, the resting (normoglycemic) levels for both fractions were extremely low compared to two groups of normal infants within the first 24 hours, as well as the first week, of life. These findings are suggestive of an adrenal medullary exhaustion phenomenon consistent with the view that the hypoglycemia is of long standing (intra-uterine) duration. The seemingly inappropriate noradrenaline depletion is likely a reflection of the different composition of the neonatal as opposed to the adult gland.

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Alkaline shift in lumbar and intracranial CSF in man after 5 days at high altitude

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1976.41.1.93 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 93-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. B. Weiskopf ◽

R. A. Gabel ◽

V. Fencl

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

High Altitude ◽

Sea Level ◽

Jugular Bulb ◽

Alveolar Ventilation ◽

Simulated Altitude ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Alkaline Shift ◽

Breathing Room

In six healthy male volunteers at sea level (PB 747–759 Torr), we measured pH and PCO2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in arterial and jugular bulb blood; from these data we estimated PCO2 (12) and pH for the intracranial portion of CSF. The measurements were repeated after 5 days in a hypobaric chamber (PB 447 Torr). Both lumbar and intracranial CSF were significantly more alkaline at simulated altitude than at sea level. Decrease in[HCO3-] IN lumbar CSF at altitude was similar to that in blood plasma. Bothat sea level and at high altitude, PCO2 measured in the lumbar CSF was higher than that estimated for the intracranial CSF. At altitude, hyperoxia, incomparison with breathing room air, resulted in an increase in intracranialPCO2, and a decrease in the estimated pH in intracranial CSF. With hyperoxia at altitude, alveolar ventilation was significantly higher than during sea-level hyperoxia or normoxia, confirming that a degree of acclimatization hadoccurred. Changes in cerebral arteriovenous differences in CO2, measuredinthree subjects, suggest that cerebral blood flow may have been elevated after 5 days at altitude.

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Human urinary catecholamines in relation to climate

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1964.19.1.37 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 37-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ralph P. Feller ◽

Henry B. Hale

Keyword(s):

Maximum Temperature ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Urinary Catecholamine ◽

Urinary Catecholamines ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Sympathoadrenal Activity ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Pattern Of Variation ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Made In

Urinary catecholamine determinations were employed to appraise human sympathoadrenal activity in different seasons (autumn, winter, and spring), the study being made in a subtropical climate, where maximum temperature in these seasons averaged, respectively, 66, 60, and 74 F. Two hundred and thirty-one healthy men were studied under standardized laboratory conditions, and significant variation with season (P < .01) was established for excretion of both epinephrine and norepinephrine and for the norepinephrine-to-epinephrine ratio, the latter index providing the most clear-cut pattern of variation with season, and suggesting greater activity in the sympathoadrenal system in winter than in autumn, with reversal in spring. Cigarette smoking and anxiety, acting singly or jointly, had modifying effects on climate-induced changes in epinephrine excretion. chronic cold effects in man; bioclimatology; seasonal sympathoadrenal activity; epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion in chronic cold; smoking and epinephrine excretion; anxiety and epinephrine excretion Submitted on May 13, 1963

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