Effect of breathing dry air on structure and function of airways

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Van Oostdam ◽  
D. C. Walker ◽  
K. Knudson ◽  
P. Dirks ◽  
R. W. Dahlby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
And Function ◽  
Breathing Room

We compared the effect of breathing dry air (0.70 mg H2O/l) with that of breathing room air (8.62 mg H2O/l) in guinea pigs anesthetized with urethane. The data showed that breathing dry air caused a reduction of extravascular water (EVW) in the trachea (P less than 0.01) but not the lung. Structural analysis showed that this water loss occurred from the loose connective tissue of the submucosa. Histamine dose response curves performed on the animals showed that breathing dry air caused an increase in the maximum response (delta max RL) (P less than 0.01) without changing either the dose required to produce 50% of the delta max RL or the ratio of delta max RL to this dose. We conclude that breathing dry air produces an acute reduction of EVW of the loose connective tissue of the airways and an increase in the maximum response to histamine.

scholarly journals Muscles of mice deficient in α-sarcoglycan maintain large masses and near control force values throughout the life span

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Consolino ◽  
Franck Duclos ◽  
Jane Lee ◽  
Roger A. Williamson ◽  
Kevin P. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Control Force ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
And Function

α-Sarcoglycan-deficient ( Sgca-null) mice provide potential for elucidating the pathogenesis of limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D (LGMD 2D) as well as for studying the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies. Skeletal muscles of Sgca-null mice demonstrate an early onset of extensive fiber necrosis, degeneration, and regeneration, but the progression of the pathology and the effects on muscle structure and function throughout the life span are not known. Thus the phenotypic accuracy of the Sgca-null mouse as a model of LGMD 2D has not been fully established. To investigate skeletal muscle structure and function in the absence of α-sarcoglycan throughout the life span, we analyzed extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of male and female Sgca-null and wild-type mice at 3, 6, 12, and 18 mo of age. Maximum isometric forces and powers were measured in vitro at 25°C. Also determined were individual myofiber cross-sectional areas and numbers, water content, and the proportion of the cross section occupied by connective tissue. Muscle masses were 40–100% larger for Sgca-null compared with age- and gender-matched wild-type mice, with the majority of the increased muscle mass for Sgca-null mice attributable to greater connective tissue and water contents. Although the greater mass of muscles in Sgca-null mice was primarily noncontractile material, absolute forces and powers were maintained near control levels at all ages, indicating a successful adaptation to the deficiency in α-sarcoglycan not observed at any age in LGMD 2D patients.

Filaments in Fibroblast in Pulmonary Alveolar Wall

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Kuen-Shan Hung ◽  
M. Sue Hertweck ◽  
John D. Hardy ◽  
Clayton G. Loosli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mouse Lungs ◽  
Interalveolar Septum

A small number of fibroblasts (alveolar septal cells, pulmonary interstitial cells, mesenchymal cells) are present in the alveolar areas of the adult lungs. These cells, like fibroblasts elsewhere, may be important in production and maintenance of connective tissue fibers found throughout the lung. Very little attention has been given to these cells in studies of the lungs. Therefore their precise structure and function are not clear. This report demonstrates filaments in the fibroblasts in the alveolar ducts and alveolar walls of the mouse lungs.The lungs were inflated with 2% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide and processed for electron microscopy. The cell body and processes of the alveolar fibroblast are located in the interalveolar septum (Fig. I).

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROTEOGLYCANS

1986 ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
J.R. Hassell ◽  
W.E. Horton ◽  
D.M. Noonan ◽  
K.J. Doege ◽  
G.W. Laurie
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Morphofunctional platform for forming clinical symptoms of celiakia in children with connective tissue dysplasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Z. V. Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorders ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Review article on the problem of celiac disease, which is widespread with diverse range of clinical manifestations and inadequate diagnosis, is presented. The conciderable prevalence of connective tissue disorders in the pediatric population, the important role of connective tissue in the function of all organ systems, including the gastrointestinal system, necessitates studying the impact of the impaired structure and function of connective tissue on the development of celiac symptoms. The paper describes the historical development of the concept of “celiac disease”, the process of studying the pattern of the onset and development of symptoms of the disease; modern studies explaining the varied complex mechanisms of the disease.The article cites the researchers who studied the role of connective tissue in the structure and function of all body systems with identifying the impact of connective tissue disorders on the development of the gastrointestinal pathology (abnormal motor- tonic activity, reflux disease, dysbiosis, disturbance of autonomic homeostasis) and the manifestation of celiac disease associated with connective tissue disorders.The conclusion stresses the need to consider the problem of celiac disease as a manifestation of the pathology of the whole organism with the obligatory diagnosis of comorbid diseases, including those associated with connective tissue disorders, which will provide a more successful therapy for celiac disease and an improved prognosis.

scholarly journals Evaluating RNA Structural Flexibility: Viruses Lead the Way

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Connor W. Fairman ◽  
Andrew M. L. Lever ◽  
Julia C. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Conformational Flexibility ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Structural Flexibility ◽  
Productive Area ◽  
Biophysical Techniques ◽  
Biological Polymers ◽  
And Function

Our understanding of RNA structure has lagged behind that of proteins and most other biological polymers, largely because of its ability to adopt multiple, and often very different, functional conformations within a single molecule. Flexibility and multifunctionality appear to be its hallmarks. Conventional biochemical and biophysical techniques all have limitations in solving RNA structure and to address this in recent years we have seen the emergence of a wide diversity of techniques applied to RNA structural analysis and an accompanying appreciation of its ubiquity and versatility. Viral RNA is a particularly productive area to study in that this economy of function within a single molecule admirably suits the minimalist lifestyle of viruses. Here, we review the major techniques that are being used to elucidate RNA conformational flexibility and exemplify how the structure and function are, as in all biology, tightly linked.

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