Reinnervation of pulmonary stretch receptors

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1912-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Clifford ◽  
L. B. Bell ◽  
F. A. Hopp ◽  
R. L. Coon
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Bundles ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Pulmonary Stretch Receptors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

The Breuer-Hering reflex (BHR) reappears 12–14 wk after surgical lung denervation in beagle dogs (J. Appl. Physiol. 54: 1451–1456, 1983). To demonstrate that this is due to reinnervation of pulmonary stretch receptors, we recorded nerve activity from regenerated branches of the left vagus nerve in five beagle dogs. Ten days postdenervation the BHR was absent, whereas by 19 mo it was clearly present. Multifiber pulmonary afferent activity was observed in all five dogs with single-fiber activity observed in three. Sectioning the right vagus nerve did not alter the BHR, but sectioning all the regenerated branches of the left vagus abolished the reflex. In two additional dogs studied 17 mo postsurgery, recordings were made from few fiber nerve bundles of the left cervical vagus. Nerve activity was increased during gentle stroking of the surface of the left upper and lower lobes, indicating receptive fields in both lobes. These data demonstrate that reinnervation of pulmonary stretch receptors does occur and provides evidence that reinnervation of these receptors is responsible for return of the BHR after pulmonary denervation.

Functional localization of pulmonary stretch receptors in the tracheobronchial tree of the kitten

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Marlot ◽  
Jacopo P. Mortola ◽  
Bernard Duron
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Functional Localization ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Pulmonary Stretch Receptors ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Levels

Seven kittens age 5 to 8 days were anaesthetized with ketamine, tracheotomized, cannulated just below the larynx, paralyzed, and ventilated. The thorax was widely opened and an expiratory load equal to the transpuimonary pressure at functional residual capacity (PLFRC) added. Single vagal fibers were dissected from the peripheral cut end of the right vagus nerve. Thirty-eight receptor discharges modulated during the respiratory cycle (pulmonary stretch receptors, PSR) were studied; 4 (10.5%) were tonically active at PLFRC while the remaining 34 had a mean threshold at 3.2 cmH2O. All the receptors progressively increased their discharge frequency with higher pressures reaching a plateau between 8–10 cmH2O. By occluding the airways at different levels of the tracheobronchial tree 32 PSR were functionally localized: none were found in the extrathoracic trachea; 3 (9.5%) were located in the intrathoracic trachea, 12 (37.5%) at the carina, main bronchi, and lobar bronchi, and 17 (53%) inside the lobes. All three tracheal receptors were tonic PSR. Previously obtained data from adult mammals indicate that 27–60% of PSR are tonically active and most of these are located in the trachea. The low incidence of tonically active PSR in the kitten may suggest a delayed functional maturation of the tracheal receptors.

Pulmonary denervation in the dog

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Clifford ◽  
R. L. Coon ◽  
J. H. von Colditz ◽  
E. J. Zuperku ◽  
J. P. Kampine
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Left Thoracotomy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

To produce a chronically lung-denervated animal model, a single-stage surgical procedure was performed on five beagle dogs. A left thoracotomy allowed hilar stripping of the pulmonary contributions to the left vagus nerve and transection of the right vagal trunk. The criterion for denervation was defined as the absence of the Hering-Breuer reflex (HBR). The five denervated dogs (DD) as well as five control dogs (CD) were evaluated for presence of the HBR under pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal, 30 mg/kg) anesthesia. Between the 3rd and 8th wk postsurgery, the HBR was clearly abolished in the DD but present in the CD. By the 12th-14th wk postsurgery, the HBR was again present in the DD. This relatively uncomplicated surgical procedure effectively produced a lung-denervated animal model. However, reinnervation occurred relatively soon, thus demonstrating the importance of regular frequent evaluation of the HBR when using this and any other surgically produced pulmonary denervation model.

Functional anatomy of the vagal innervation of the cervical trachea of the dog

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Coon ◽  
Patrick J. Mueller ◽  
Philip S. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Vagal Innervation ◽  
Cervical Trachea ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The canine cervical trachea has been used for numerous studies regarding the neural control of tracheal smooth muscle. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there is lateral dominance by either the left or right vagal innervation of the canine cervical trachea. In anesthetized dogs, pressure in the cuff of the endotracheal tube was used as an index of smooth muscle tone in the trachea. After establishment of tracheal tone, as indicated by increased cuff pressure, either the right or left vagus nerve was sectioned followed by section of the contralateral vagus. Sectioning the right vagus first resulted in total loss of tone in the cervical trachea, whereas sectioning the left vagus first produced either a partial or no decrease in tracheal tone. After bilateral section of the vagi, cuff pressure was recorded during electrical stimulation of the rostral end of the right or left vagus. At the maximum current strength used, stimulation of the left vagus produced tracheal constriction that averaged 28.5% of the response to stimulation of the right vagus (9.0 ± 1.8 and 31.6 ± 2.5 mmHg, respectively). In conclusion, the musculature of cervical trachea in the dog appears to be predominantly controlled by vagal efferents in the right vagus nerve.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE VAGUS NERVES UPON CONDUCTION BETWEEN AURICLES AND VENTRICLES IN THE DOG DURING AURICULAR FIBRILLATION

1916 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Canby Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The experiments that have been reported indicate that stimulation of either the right vagus or the left vagus nerve is equally effectual in blocking impulses from the auricles to the ventricles when auricular fibrillation is present. Stimulation of the left vagus nerve is as effectual in blocking impulses from the normally beating auricles as from the auricles when in a state of fibrillation, and the type of auricular activity has apparently no influence on the effect which stimulation of the left vagus has on auriculoventricular conduction.

Effects of vagus nerve on heart rate and ventricular contractility in chicken

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. H1295-H1302
Author(s):  
S. A. Lang ◽  
M. N. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Ventricular Contractility ◽  
Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Vagus Stimulation ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation ◽  
Left Vagus

We determined the effects of vagus nerve stimulation on cardiac cycle length and on ventricular contraction and relaxation in 18 chickens anesthetized with pentobarbital. Right vagus stimulation at a constant frequency of 35 Hz prolonged cycle length by 190%, whereas left vagus stimulation at the same frequency increased cycle length by 136%. When one burst of stimuli was delivered to the right vagus nerve each cardiac cycle, but the timing of the stimuli was changed within the cardiac cycle, the response of the avian pacemaker cells varied substantially with the timing of the stimuli. Right and left vagus stimulation at a constant frequency of 20 Hz depressed ventricular contraction by 62 +/- 6 and 52 +/- 6%, respectively, and depressed ventricular relaxation by 56 +/- 7 and 53 +/- 7%, respectively. These results indicate that in the chicken the chronotropic effects of right vagus stimulation are greater than those of left vagus stimulation, whereas right and left vagus stimulation are approximately equipotent on ventricular contraction and relaxation.

Role of Pulmonary Vagal Afferent Nerve Fibres in the Development of Rapid Shallow Breathing in Lung Inflammation

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Trenchard ◽  
D. Gardner ◽  
A. Guz
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Shallow Breathing ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
Myelinated Fibres ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

1. The administration of the polysaccharide carageenin through a catheter into the lungs of cats and rabbits has produced an inflammatory lesion confined to one lobe of a lung. The lesion consisted of an alveolar and interstitial infiltration with polymorphonuclear leucocytes and, subsequently, macrophages. There was no apparent damage to alveolar walls and no pleurisy. The rest of the lung remained normal. 2. In both conscious cats and anaesthetized rabbits there was an increased frequency of breathing dependent on an intact vagus nerve on the same side as the lesion. It was independent of changes in body temperature and was not due to hypoxaemia. 3. By using a direct current to the right cervical vagus nerve in the rabbits (with the left vagus nerve sectioned), it has been possible to block conduction in myelinated fibres; the non-myelinated fibres conduct normally. Studies with this differentially blocked nerve have shown that the increased frequency of breathing is dependent on activity in the non-myelinated vagal afferent fibres.

scholarly journals SUN-251 The Effects of Unilateral Vagotomy in Female Rats with Blockade of the Muscarinic System of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus on Ovulation and Estradiol Serum Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Vieyra-Valdez ◽  
Julio Cesar Garcia-Tabla ◽  
Hugo Alberto Zarco-Juarez ◽  
Roberto Calderon-Ramos ◽  
Leticia Morales-Ledesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

Abstract Several studies show that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) participates in the regulation of the functions of various endocrine organs through multisynaptic nerve pathways. Some of these pathways communicate the SCN with the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the nucleus of the solitary tract, which are part of the origin of the vagus nerve (1). Previously we demonstrated that atropine (ATR) microinjection in the right SCN on the day of the proestrus, blocks ovulation, while the same treatment in the left SCN does it partially (2). In the present study we analyzed the possibility that the vagus nerve is one of the neural ways by which the SCN regulates the secretion of estradiol (E2) in the proestrus and subsequent ovulation. For this, cyclic rats were anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine at 09.00 of the day of the proestrus. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: rats with ATR (62.5 ng diluted in 0.3 µl of saline) microinjection in the right or left SCN, followed by ventral laparotomy or ipsilateral vagotomy to the microinjection side. The animals were sacrificed 5 h after surgery, and estradiol (E2) levels were measured. Other groups of animals with the same treatments were sacrificed 24 hours after surgery, and ovulation rate and number of ova shed were evaluated. The left vagus section did not modify the effects of ATR microinjection in the left SCN on ovulatory rate (2/5 vs. 4/7) and E2 secretion (46.6±9.0 vs. 51.3±9.0, pg/ml). In animals with ATR microinjection in the right SCN, the right vagus section increased the rate of ovulating animals (6/8 vs. 2/9, p <0.0001, Fisher’s exact probability test) and E2 levels (51.8±9.4 vs. 22.4 ± 4.0, p <0.05, two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). Present results suggest that the right vagus nerve plays a role in the multisynaptic communication between the right SCN and the right ovary, while the left vagus does not. Reference: (1) Travagli, R. A. J. Physiol. 2007 Jul 15:582(Pt 2):471. (2) Vieyra et al., Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2016 Jun 16 14(1):34, 1-11.Supported by CONACyT 236908; DGAPA-PAPIIT IN216519

scholarly journals Vagus Nerve Cross-Sectional Area in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—An Ultrasound Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Horsager ◽  
Uwe Walter ◽  
Tatyana D. Fedorova ◽  
Katrine B. Andersen ◽  
Casper Skjærbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parasympathetic Neurons ◽  
High Frequency Transducer ◽  
Ultrasound System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Left Vagus

Background: Vagal parasympathetic neurons are prone to degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). High-resolution ultrasound can precisely estimate the cross-sectional (CSA) area of peripheral nerves. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vagus CSA is reduced in PD.Methods: We included 56 healthy controls (HCs) and 63 patients with PD. Using a high-end ultrasound system equipped with a high-frequency transducer, five images were obtained of each nerve. The hypoechoic neuronal tissue was delineated offline with dedicated software and the CSA extracted.Results: In the initial PD vs. HC comparison, no statistically significant differences were observed in mean left vagus CSA (HC: 1.97 mm2, PD: 1.89 mm2, P = 0.36) nor in mean right vagus CSA (HC: 2.37 mm2, PD: 2.23 mm2, P = 0.17). The right vagus CSA was significantly larger than the left vagus CSA in both groups (P < 0.0001). Females were overrepresented in the HC group and presented with generally smaller vagus CSAs. Consequently, sex-adjusted CSA was significantly smaller for the right vagus nerve of the PD group (P = 0.041), but not for the left.Conclusion: A small but significant reduction in sex-adjusted right vagus CSA was observed in patients with PD. The left vagus CSA was not significantly reduced in patients with PD. Ultrasound may not be a suitable method to detecting vagal axonal loss in individual patients.

Characteristics of sustained graded inspiratory inhibition by phasic lung volume changes

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Baker ◽  
J. E. Remmers
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Pulmonary Stretch Receptors ◽  
Integrative Processing ◽  
Inhibitory Threshold

The dynamic characteristics of graded reversible inspiratory inhibition by vagal feedback were investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized paralyzed cats, ventilated with a servo respirator. The volume and time associated with various levels of graded inhibition were determined by using a series of constant-flow lung inflations. Protracted phrenic inhibition was produced by lung inflation, which was arrested when the phrenic discharge was partially inhibited. Thereafter, the volume was withdrawn along a trajectory that approximately paralleled the fall in inhibitory threshold. This volume-withdrawal trajectory would be expected to produce a sustained nearly constant level of inhibition based on the results determined from the constant-flow inflations. However, the observed inhibition exceeded that expected, increasing to a maximum and then decreasing to expected values over a period ranging from 1 to 2 s in most animals. This excess inhibition cannot be attributed to the known dynamic properties of pulmonary stretch receptors; their activity should be reduced, for any particular lung volume, during the volume withdrawal maneuver. These results suggest a central integrative processing of vagal afferent activity that causes inhibition to lag volume. This delay acts to promote inspiratory off-switching because it prevents the development of a protracted period of reversible inhibition.

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