Cholinergic reactivity of tracheal smooth muscle after infection with feline herpesvirus I

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1953-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Killingsworth ◽  
N. E. Robinson ◽  
T. Adams ◽  
R. K. Maes ◽  
C. Berney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Tracheal Ring ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Airway Caliber ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus

Airway responsiveness was studied in cats 3 or 6 days after exposure to feline herpesvirus I. Control cats were sham inoculated with tissue culture media. Intrathoracic airway caliber was evaluated by pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn). Trachealis shortening was quantitated with microfoil strain gauges, which measured the external diameter of tracheal ring 4. Airway smooth muscle contraction was produced using vagal stimulation and local infusion of acetylcholine. The diameter of tracheal ring 4 decreased with increasing frequency of vagal stimulation, and there was more constriction at 3 (PID3) than at 6 days postinfection (PID6) or in control cats. RL increased and Cdyn tended to decrease with increasing frequency of stimulation, but there was no difference between control and infected cats. Infected and control cats did not differ in their response to locally infused acetylcholine. Virus was consistently cultured from conjunctival, nasal, and oral mucous membranes, trachea, and main stem bronchi at PID3 but not from the trachea and main stem bronchi at PID6. Virus was never isolated distal to the main stem bronchi. Tracheal hyperresponsiveness to vagal stimulation correlates with the presence of virus at PID3 and is apparently presynaptic in origin.

Absence of nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation in the cat cervical trachea

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2524-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Don ◽  
D. G. Baker ◽  
C. A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
Cervical Trachea

Published in vivo experiments have not supported in vitro reports of the presence of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory pathways in the cat trachea. We therefore examined these pathways, measuring tension in an innervated tracheal segment, flow resistance in more distal airways, and dynamic compliance, in 10 anesthetized mechanically ventilated cats. Initially, cervical vagal stimulation evoked contraction followed by relaxation of smooth muscle of trachea and lower airways; sympathetic stimulation evoked relaxation only. After muscarinic blockade and restoration of smooth muscle tone with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) applied topically to the tracheal mucosa, vagal stimulation did not affect tracheal segment tension, whereas sympathetic-evoked relaxation was preserved. Similar results were found when tone was restored with intravenous 5-HT, with vagal stimulation also decreasing resistance and increasing compliance. We conclude that NANC pathways are present in lower airways but not in the cervical trachea of the cat. We hypothesize that parasympathetic constriction of cat airway smooth muscle can occur without simultaneous NANC activation, whereas NANC activity occurs only in tandem with parasympathetic stimulation.

Effects of antigen on tracheal circulation and smooth muscle in sheep of different ages

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1256-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Webber ◽  
R. O. Salonen ◽  
M. E. Deffebach ◽  
J. G. Widdicombe
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Tracheal Smooth Muscle ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tone ◽  
Residual Response ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effects of Ascaris suum antigen on tracheal circulation and tracheal smooth muscle tone were compared in two groups of sheep: the first group was 1 yr old (14 sheep) and the second 5 yr old (8 sheep). Cranial tracheal arteries of anesthetized and paralyzed sheep were perfused at constant flow with monitoring of perfusion pressure. Tracheal smooth muscle tone was assessed by measuring changes in the external diameter of the cranial trachea. Close-arterial injection of antigen (1–20 micrograms) in young sheep produced dose-dependent vasodilation (6.1–15.5% fall in perfusion pressure) and smooth muscle contraction (0.06–0.28 mm reduction in tracheal diam). In old sheep, antigen (1–20 micrograms) produced vasoconstriction (4.1–16.8%) but no smooth muscle response. The smooth muscle contraction in young sheep was blocked by mepyramine (2 mg/kg iv) suggesting mediation by release of histamine. The vasodilation in young sheep and the vasoconstriction in old sheep were reduced by indomethacin (5 mg/kg iv), and the residual response was further reduced by FPL 55712 (2 mg/kg iv), suggesting mediation by both cyclooxygenase products and leukotrienes. Thus antigen given in the tracheal vasculature releases a mixture of inflammatory mediators. This mixture of mediators or their actions on the tracheal vasculature and smooth muscle may depend on the age of the sheep.

NO does not mediate inhibitory neural responses in sheep airway and bronchial vascular smooth muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Baile ◽  
Karen McKay ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Tony R. Bai ◽  
Peter D. Paré
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Trachealis Muscle

Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) influences acetylcholine-induced bronchovascular dilation in sheep and is a mediator of the airway smooth muscle inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neural response in several species. This study was designed to determine the importance of NO as a neurally derived modulator of ovine airway and bronchial vascular smooth muscle. We measured the response of pulmonary resistance (Rl) and bronchial blood flow (Q˙br) to vagal stimulation in 14 anesthetized, ventilated, open-chest sheep during the following conditions: 1) control; 2) infusion of the α-agonist phenylephrine to reduce baseline Q˙br by the same amount as would be produced by infusion of N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), a NO synthase inhibitor; 3) infusion ofl-NNA (10−2 M); and 4) after administration of atropine (1.5 mg/kg). The results showed that vagal stimulation produced an increase in Rl andQ˙br in periods 1, 2, and 3( P < 0.01) that was not affected byl-NNA. After atropine was administered, there was no increase inQ˙br or Rl. In vitro experiments on trachealis smooth muscle contracted with carbachol showed no effect ofl-NNA on neural relaxation but showed a complete blockade with propranolol ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, the vagally induced airway smooth muscle contraction and bronchial vascular dilation are not influenced by NO, and the sheep’s trachealis muscle, unlike that in several other species, does not have inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic innervation.

Effect of bronchial smooth muscle contraction on lung compliance

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mitzner ◽  
S. Blosser ◽  
D. Yager ◽  
E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Tissue Resistance ◽  
Lung Resistance ◽  
Common Observation ◽  
Conducting Airways

Lung compliance is generally considered to represent a blend of surface and tissue forces, and changes in compliance in vivo are commonly used to indicate changes in surface forces. There are, however, theoretical arguments that would allow contraction of airway smooth muscle to affect substantially the elasticity of the lung. In the present study we evaluated the role of conducting airway contraction on lung compliance in vivo by infusing methacholine (MCh) at a constant rate into the bronchial circulation. With a steady-state MCh infusion of 2.4 micrograms/min into the bronchial perfusate (perfusate concentration = 0.7 microM), there was an approximate doubling of lung resistance and a 50% fall in dynamic compliance. There were also significant decreases in chord compliance measured from the quasi-static pressure-volume curves and in total lung capacity and residual volume. When the same infusion rate was administered into the pulmonary artery, no changes in lung mechanics were observed. These results indicate that the conducting airways may have a major role in regulating lung elasticity. This linkage between airway contraction and lung compliance may account for the common observation that pharmacological challenges given to the lung usually result in similar changes in lung compliance and airway conductance. Our results also suggest the possibility that the lung tissue resistance, which dominates the measurement of lung resistance in many species, might in fact reflect the physical properties of conducting airways.

scholarly journals Effects of Curcuma Longa Ethanol Extract on Isolated Guinea Pigthile Smooth Muscle in Acetylcholine Induction

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Zheng Yuebin ◽  
Florenly ◽  
Liena ◽  
Fioni
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Tracheal Ring ◽  
Main Compound

Epidemiological studies show that nearly 20% of the world's population suffers from diseases related to allergies and asthma. The main compound of turmeric is curcumin has several pharmacological properties, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory, asthma treatment. The study aimed to determine the effects of ethanol extract Curcuma longa on the smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pigtic trachea in acetylcholine induction. This research method was experimental to observe the relationship of Curcuma longa ethanol extract (EECL) to the relaxing effects of isolated smooth muscle trachea marmot (tracheal ring chain) inserted into a bath organ filled with Kreb's physiological fluid by maintaining a temperature of 35-370C and associated with a Matlab recorder. Samples used by male guinea pigs and ethanol extract Curcuma longa (EECL). The results of the study that ethanol extract Curcuma longa has a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the trachea isolated from the experimental rats contracted with acetylcholine. Ethanol extract Curcuma longa has the ability not dising from theophylline 2 x 10-4 M in reducing smooth muscle contraction of insulated Cavia porcelain trachea induced by acetylcholine, acetylcholine strength without incubation contraction compared to acetylcholine with EECL incubation showed statistically different results (p <0.05). The mechanism of Curcuma longa relaxation effect on isolated guinea pig smooth muscle is mediated through inhibition of the enzyme PDE.

scholarly journals NTPDase1 Modulates Smooth Muscle Contraction in Mice Bladder by Regulating Nucleotide Receptor Activation Distinctly in Male and Female

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Romuald Brice Babou Kammoe ◽  
Gilles Kauffenstein ◽  
Julie Pelletier ◽  
Bernard Robaye ◽  
Jean Sévigny
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Nucleotide Receptors ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase ◽  
Bladder Contraction

Nucleotides released by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and by innervating nerve terminals activate specific P2 receptors and modulate bladder contraction. We hypothesized that cell surface enzymes regulate SMC contraction in mice bladder by controlling the concentration of nucleotides. We showed by immunohistochemistry, enzymatic histochemistry, and biochemical activities that nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1) and ecto-5′-nucleotidase were the major ectonucleotidases expressed by SMCs in the bladder. RT-qPCR revealed that, among the nucleotide receptors, there was higher expression of P2X1, P2Y1, and P2Y6 receptors. Ex vivo, nucleotides induced a more potent contraction of bladder strips isolated from NTPDase1 deficient (Entpd1−/−) mice compared to wild type controls. The strongest responses were obtained with uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) and uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP), suggesting the involvement of P2Y6 receptors, which was confirmed with P2ry6−/− bladder strips. Interestingly, this response was reduced in female bladders. Our results also suggest the participation of P2X1, P2Y2 and/or P2Y4, and P2Y12 in these contractions. A reduced response to the thromboxane analogue U46619 was also observed in wild type, Entpd1−/−, and P2ry6−/− female bladders showing another difference due to sex. In summary, NTPDase1 modulates the activation of nucleotide receptors in mouse bladder SMCs, and contractions induced by P2Y6 receptor activation were weaker in female bladders.

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