Time course for exercise-induced alterations in insulin action and glucose tolerance in middle-aged people

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. King ◽  
P. J. Baldus ◽  
R. L. Sharp ◽  
L. D. Kesl ◽  
T. L. Feltmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Exercise Induced

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate glucose tolerance and insulin action immediately after exercise and 2) to determine how long the improved glucose homeostatic mechanisms observed 12–16 h after exercise persist. Nine (seven men, two women) moderately trained middle-aged (51 +/- 3 yr) subjects performed 45 min of exercise at 73 +/- 2% of peak O2 uptake for 5 days, followed by 7 days of inactivity. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT; 75 g) were performed immediately postexercise (IPE; approximately 30 min) after the final exercise bout and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after exercise. The incremental area under the plasma glucose curve was markedly higher IPE (355 +/- 82 mM.min) compared with those on days 1 (136 +/- 57 mM.min; P < 0.05) and 3 (173 +/- 62 mM.min; P < 0.05). The glucose area was significantly higher on days 5 (213 +/- 80 mM.min) and 7 (225 +/- 84 mM.min) compared with those on days 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). The incremental insulin area IPE (3,729 +/- 1,104 microU.ml–1.min) was 43% higher compared with that on day 1 (2,603 +/- 635 microU.ml–1.min; P < 0.05) and 66% higher compared with that on day 3 (2,240 +/- 517 microU.ml–1.min; P < 0.05). The insulin area increased to 3,616 +/- 617 microU.ml–1.min after 5 days of inactivity (P < 0.05). An additional 48 h of inactivity did not result in any further increase in the plasma insulin response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: experimental evidence of its insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. E617-E623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Broca ◽  
René Gross ◽  
Pierre Petit ◽  
Yves Sauvaire ◽  
Michèle Manteghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Single Intravenous Administration

We have recently shown in vitro that 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-OH-Ile), an amino acid extracted from fenugreek seeds, potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. The present study was designed to investigate whether 4-OH-Ile could exert in vivo insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, intravenous or oral glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs and OGTTs, respectively) were performed not only in normal animals but also in a type II diabetes rat model. During IVGTT in normal rats or OGTT in normal dogs, 4-OH-Ile (18 mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance. The lactonic form of 4-OH-Ile was ineffective in normal rats. In non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) rats, a single intravenous administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg) partially restored glucose-induced insulin response without affecting glucose tolerance; a 6-day subchronic administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg, daily) reduced basal hyperglycemia, decreased basal insulinemia, and slightly, but significantly, improved glucose tolerance. In vitro, 4-OH-Ile (200 μM) potentiated glucose (16.7 mM)-induced insulin release from NIDD rat-isolated islets. So, the antidiabetic effects of 4-OH-Ile on NIDD rats result, at least in part, from a direct pancreatic B cell stimulation.

553 TIME COURSE FOR LOSS OF IMPROVED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN MIDDLE-AGED PEOPLE

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S100
Author(s):  
D. S. KING ◽  
P. J. BALDUS ◽  
T. L. FELTMEYER ◽  
R. L. SHARP
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People

scholarly journals Insulin response and changes in composition of non-esterified fatty acids in blood plasma of middle-aged men following isoenergetic fatty and carbohydrate breakfasts

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
N. R. Williams ◽  
K. L. H. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Freeman ◽  
C. R. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

It was previously shown that a high plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) persisted after a fatty breakfast, but not after an isoenergetic carbohydrate breakfast, adversely affecting glucose tolerance. The higher concentration after the fatty breakfast may in part have been a result of different mobilization rates of fatty acids. This factor can be investigated as NEFA mobilized from tissues are monounsaturated to a greater extent than those deposited from a typical meal. Twenty-four middle-aged healthy Caucasian men were given oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and for 28 d isoenergetic breakfasts of similar fat composition but of low (L) or moderate (M) fat content. The composition of NEFA in fasting and postprandial plasma was determined on days 1 and 29. No significant treatment differences in fasting NEFA composition occurred on day 29. During the OGTT and 0–1 h following breakfast there was an increase in plasma long-chain saturated NEFA but a decrease in monounsaturated NEFA (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·001). Between 1 and 3 h following breakfast treatment differences occurred for total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·05), expressed as an increase in 18 : 1 and decreases in 16 : 0 and 17 : 0 in treatment M relative to treatment L (P<0·05). Serum insulin attained 35 and 65 mU/l in treatments M and L respectively during this period. Negative correlations were found between 16 : 0 in fasting plasma and both waist:hip circumference (P=0·0009) and insulin response curve area during OGTT (within treatment M, P=0·0001). It is concluded that a normal postprandial insulin response is associated with a rapid change in plasma saturated:monounsaturated NEFA. It is proposed that this change is the result of a variable suppression of fat mobilization, which may partly account for a large difference in postprandial total plasma NEFA between fatty and carbohydrate meals.

Effects of elevated and exercise-reduced muscle glycogen levels on insulin sensitivity

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ivy ◽  
B. A. Frishberg ◽  
S. W. Farrell ◽  
W. J. Miller ◽  
W. M. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Exercise Induced

The effects of an exercise-induced muscle glycogen reduction and an elevated muscle glycogen concentration on glucose tolerance and the insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) were examined. GTTs were administered to seven male subjects after 3 days on a mixed diet (C), after exhaustive exercise and 1 day on a high-fat protein diet (L-FP), after exhaustive exercise and 1 day on a mixed diet (L-M), and after exhaustive exercise and 3 days on a high-carbohydrate diet (H-CHO). The L-M treatment resulted in a significant reduction in muscle glycogen (C, 79.6 +/- 4.2 mmol/kg wet wt vs. L-M, 53.9 +/- 1.2 mmol/kg wet wt) and a 31.7% reduction in the insulin-glucose (IG) index, a measure of insulin sensitivity in vivo. Muscle glycogen was also significantly reduced by the L-FP treatment (49.1 +/- 2.4 mmol/kg wet wt), but there was no change in the IG index. Preventing a decrease in the IG index during the L-FP treatment may have been a result of elevated free fatty acids (67%) and ketones (552%) prior to the GTT. Muscle glycogen was significantly increased by the H-CHO treatment (124.8 +/- 11.1 mmol/kg wet wt); however, the IG index was not different from that of the C treatment. The results suggest that an exercise-induced reduction in muscle glycogen can improve insulin sensitivity in vivo but that this effect is diet dependent.

scholarly journals Metabolomics analysis reveals altered metabolites in lean compared with obese adolescents and additional metabolic shifts associated with hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in obese adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Metabolomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Müllner ◽  
Hanna E. Röhnisch ◽  
Claudia von Brömssen ◽  
Ali A. Moazzami
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Abstract Introduction Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with obesity and are forerunners of type 2 diabetes. Little is known about metabolic alterations separately associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in adolescents. Objectives To identify metabolic alterations associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and hyperinsulinaemia/IR combined with IGT in obese adolescents. Methods 81 adolescents were stratified into four groups based on body mass index (lean vs. obese), insulin responses (normal insulin (NI) vs. high insulin (HI)) and glucose responses (normal glucose tolerance (NGT) vs. IGT) after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The groups comprised: (1) healthy lean with NI and NGT, (2) obese with NI and NGT, (3) obese with HI and NGT, and (4) obese with HI and IGT. Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis was performed on fasting and seven post-OGTT plasma samples, followed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results Two groups of metabolites were identified: (1) Metabolites associated with insulin response level: adolescents with HI (groups 3–4) had higher concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine, and lower concentrations of serine, glycine, myo-inositol and dimethylsulfone, than adolescents with NI (groups 1–2). (2) Metabolites associated with obesity status: obese adolescents (groups 2–4) had higher concentrations of acetylcarnitine, alanine, pyruvate and glutamate, and lower concentrations of acetate, than lean adolescents (group 1). Conclusions Obesity is associated with shifts in fat and energy metabolism. Hyperinsulinaemia/IR in obese adolescents is also associated with increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acids.

Low carbohydrate intake and oral glucose-tolerance tests

The Lancet ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 352 (9135) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Yoshioka ◽  
Sadayoshi Yokoh ◽  
Toshihide Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests

Glucose tolerance and insulin action in healthy centenarians

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. E890-E894 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Paolisso ◽  
A. Gambardella ◽  
S. Ammendola ◽  
A. D'Amore ◽  
V. Balbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Aged Subjects

Advancing age has been found to be associated with a decline in insulin action. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted in healthy centenarians. Our study investigates glucose tolerance and insulin action in centenarians. Fifty-two subjects were enrolled. The subjects were divided in three groups as follows: 1) adults (< 50 yr; n = 20);2) aged subjects (> 75 yr; n = 22); and 3) centenarians (> 100 yr; n = 14). Body composition was studied by bioimpedance analysis. In all subjects, an oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic glucose clamp were performed. Centenarians have a lower fat-free mass (FFM) than aged subjects and adults, whereas fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, free fatty acids, urea, and creatinine were not different in the groups studies. Centenarians had a 2-h plasma glucose concentration (6.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) that was lower than that in aged subjects (6.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, P < 0.05) but not different from adults [6.4 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, P = not significant (NS)]. During the clamp, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were similar in the three groups. In these conditions, centenarians had a whole body glucose disposal (34.1 +/- 0.6 mumol.kg FFM-1.min 1) that was greater than that in aged subjects (23.3 +/- 0.5 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1 P < 0.01) but not different from adults (34.6 +/- 0.5 mumol/kg x min, P = NS). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that centenarians compared with aged subjects had a preserved glucose tolerance and insulin action.

scholarly journals ogttMetrics: Data structures and algorithms for oral glucose tolerance tests

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Stubbs ◽  
Keith Frankston ◽  
Marcel Ramos ◽  
Nancy Laranjo ◽  
Frank M. Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Large Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Open Source Software Package ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Data Structures And Algorithms

We describe an open source software package, ogttMetrics, to compute diverse measures of glucose metabolism derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Tools are provided to organize, visualize and compare OGTT data from large cohorts. Numerical difficulties in estimation of parameters of the Bergman minimal model are described, and in one large clinical trial, the simpler closed form index of Matsuda is observed to lead to similar rankings of individuals with respect to insulin sensitivity, and similar inferences concerning effects of modifications to carbohydrate content and glycemic index of experimental diets.

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